LIMITS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL’S ULTRA VIRES DECISIONS

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 1, 31 - 72, 31.01.2022

Şahin Eray Kırdım

https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.915508

Cited By: 1

Öz

The United Nations (UN) Security Council, which is predominantly controlled by the five great powers with their veto powers, makes decisions in a wide range of areas and forces states to implement them. The Security Council, while making decisions, interpreted its powers stemming from the UN Charter very generously and took the role of “global legislator.” The Security Council has created general and abstract norms that are compulsory to comply with for all states, especially after the September 11 attacks. In this study, the Security Council’s power to create general and abstract norms binding on all states through the decisions to be made within the scope of Chapter VII of the UN Charter is discussed. In the first part of the study, based on the relevant articles of the UN Charter, whether the Security Council can make binding decisions for abstract threats is discussed, and it is claimed that such decisions can only be made as a result of concrete reasons. This section also deals with the arguments put forward by those who claim that the Security Council has the power to make legislative decisions. Finally, this section briefly addresses the question of whether such decisions are ultra vires and whether states have the right to resist them. Since there is no higher authority to force the Security Council not to make ultra vires decisions, the second part of the study examines whether such decisions can be subjected to a judicial review by the International Court of Justice (ICJ). This examination shows that the debate on whether the ICJ has a judicial review of the Security Council decisions is still unsolved.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Security Council, Ultra Vires, UN Charter, International Court of Justice, Judicial Review

BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ’NİN ULTRA VIRES KARARLARININ SINIRLARI VE YARGISAL DENETİMİ

Öz

Beş büyük gücün veto yetkileriyle ağırlıklı olarak kontrol ettikleri Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Güvenlik Konseyi oldukça geniş bir alanda kararlar almakta ve bu kararları hayata geçirmeleri için devletleri zorlamaktadır. Güvenlik Konseyi karar alırken, BM Şartı’ndan kaynaklanan yetkilerini oldukça cömert yorumlamış ve bir şekilde “küresel yasa koyucu” rolüne bürünmüştür. Güvenlik Konseyi, özellikle 11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra kararlar ile tüm devletler için uyulması zorunlu genel ve soyut normlar yaratmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Güvenlik Konseyi’nin BM Şartı’nın VII. Bölüm’ü kapsamında alacağı kararlar ile devletler üzerinde bağlayıcı genel ve soyut normlar oluşturma gücü ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, BM Şartı’nın ilgili maddelerinden yola çıkılarak Güvenlik Konseyi’nin soyut tehditler için bağlayıcı kararlar alıp alamayacağı sorusu ele alınmakta ve bu tür kararların sadece somut gerekçeler ile alınabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu bölümde ayrıca Güvenlik Konseyi’nin yasama niteliğinde kararlar alabilme yetkisi olduğunu savunanların ileri sürdüğü argümanlar ele alınmakta ve bunlar cevaplanmaktadır. Son olarak bu bölümde, bu tür kararlarının ultra vires nitelikte olduğu ve devletlerin bunlara direnme haklarının olup olmadığı sorusu kısaca ele alınmaktadır. Güvenlik Konseyi’ni ultra vires kararlar almama konusunda zorlayacak üst bir mercii olmadığından, çalışmanın ikinci bölümü, bu tür kararların Uluslararası Adalet Divanı (UAD) tarafından yargısal bir denetime tabi tutulup tutulamayacağını incelemektedir. Bu inceleme sonunda, UAD’nin Güvenlik Konseyi kararlarının yargısal denetimi yetkisine sahip olup olmadığına dair tartışmanın hala çözümsüz olduğu gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlik Konseyi, Ultra Vires, BM Şartı, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı, Yargısal Denetim

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