Yorum Teorileri: İslam Hukuku ve Uluslararası Hukuk

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 1, 151 - 193, 31.01.2024

Haitam Suleıman Hatice Aktürk

https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1370362

Öz

Avrupalılar geçtiğimiz yüzyılda Müslüman bölgeler üzerinde nüfuz sahibi olduklarından, Müslüman ülkelerin ve onların hukuk sistemlerinin uluslararası kurallarla birlikte kabul görmeleri ve onlarla etkileşime girmesi beklenmiştir. 1896, 1902 ve 1905 yıllarında yapılan Lahey Konferansları, uluslararası özel hukuk alanında anlaşmaların geliştirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Avrupa dışında yer alan Müslüman ülkeler bu konferanslara davet edilmemelerine rağmen Avrupalı devletlerin yetkisi altında oldukları için topraklarında bu anlaşmalar uygulanabilmiştir. Bunun yanında birçok konferans ve arenada İslam hukuk kurallarının incelenmesi çağrısında ve tavsiyelerinde bulunulmuştur. Örneğin, Kuzey Denizi davasında yargıç, BM Şartı'nın 2(1) Maddesinde korunan 'egemen eşitlik' ilkesinin, mahkemenin, bir hukuki çözüm ararken yalnızca Avrupa hukuk geleneklerine değil, aynı zamanda İslam hukuku ilkelerine başvurması gerektiğini savunmuştur; ki bu esasen genel bir hukuk ilkesidir. Bu makale, İslam hukukunun kendine
özgü yorum metodolojilerine sahip olduğunu ve uluslararası hukuktaki yorum kurallarına kıyasla sıklıkla ortak görüşler paylaşılabildiğini ileri sürmektedir. Aynı şekilde İslam hukukunun birçok uluslararası tartışmalı konuya benzeri görülmemiş çözümler sunabileceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu noktada ortaya çıkan esas mesele, uluslararası alanda çalışmalar yapan akademisyenlerin ve hukuk camiasının bu denli “az çalışılmış bir sanattan” nasıl yararlanabileceğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yorum, Yorum Teorileri, Metodoloji, İslam Hukuku, Uluslararası Hukuk

Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International

Öz

Whereas Europeans exercised influence over Muslim areas in the last century, Muslim countries and its legal systems were expected to be considered and to interact with international rules. The Hague Conferences of 1896, 1902 and 1905 were established for the purposes of developing agreement on private international law. These conferences did not invite Muslim countries though these states situated outside Europe could have treaties applied on their territories when they were under the jurisdiction of European states. In the same line several conferences and arenas have called and recommended the study of the Islamic legal rules. For example, North Sea case the judge argued that the principle of
‘sovereign equality’ protected in Article 2(1) of the United Nations Charter, necessitates the court to refer not only to European legal traditions but also to Islamic legal principles when seeking for a general principle of law. This paper argues that the Islamic law has its unique methodologies of interpretations, can share common views compared to the rules of interpretations in international law, and can offer unprecedented solutions to many international disputed issues. This article questions the ways in which the international scholarship and legal community could benefit from such an ‘exquisite understudied art.’

Anahtar Kelimeler

Interpretation, Theories of Interpretation, Methodology, Islamic Law, International Law.

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