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Gelir ve Eğitim Düzeyinin Erken Yaşta Evlilikler Üzerine Etkisi: Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 815 - 831, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.828858

Öz

Erken yaşta evlilikler dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de önemli bir toplumsal sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Genel olarak az gelişmiş toplumlarda ortaya çıkan bu durum ülkemizde de özellikle Doğu ve Güney Doğu bölgelerinde daha yoğun bir şekilde kendini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada Türkiye’de erken yaşta evlilik oranlarının yüksek olduğu ve İstatistiki Bölge Sınıflandırmasına göre Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi olarak adlandırılan bölgede yer alan Erzurum, Erzincan ve Bayburt; Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır ve Ardahan illeri, 2008 – 2018 yıllık veri seti dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu bölgelerde erken yaşta evlilikleri temsil etmek üzere Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ndan temin edilen 16-19 yaş arası evlenen kız ve erkek çocuklarının sayıları ele alınmıştır. Makroekonomik değişkenlerdeki değişimin erken yaşta evlenme sayısında yaşanan artışlara etkisi Panel Logit model yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, erken yaşta evlenen kadınların sayısındaki artışa kişi başına düşen milli gelir, erkeklerin sayısındaki artışa ise eğitim seviyesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etki etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken Yaşta Evlilikler, Kişi Başına Düşen Gelir, Eğitim, Panel Logit Model, Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi
JEL Sınıflandırması: J12, C33

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş, Ö. ve Özkoç, H. (2016). Stata Uygulamaları ile Nitel Veri Analizi. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Ame, K. R. (2013). Overcoming the Curse of Early Marriage in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, Vol. 19, No. 4, 150-163.
  • Anık, M. ve Barlin, R. (2017). The Problem of Child Brides in Turkey: Balıkesir Example. Journal of the Human and Social Science Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1827-1841.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2014). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Fifty Edition, United Kingdom.
  • Becker, G.S. (1981). A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Boran, P, Gülçay, G., Devecioğlu ve E. Eren, T. (2013). Çocuk Gelinler. Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 58-62.
  • Burgess, B., Propper, C. and Aasseve, A. (2003). The Role of Income in Marriage and Divorce Transitions among Young Americans. J Popul Econ, Vol. 16, 455-475
  • Clark, S. and J. Bruce, Dude, A. (2006). Protecting Young Women from HIV/AIDS: The Case against Child and Adolescent Marriage. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 32, No. 2, 79-88.
  • Çağırkan, B. (2019). Erken Yaşta Yapılan Evlilikler ve Aile Kurumuna Etkisi Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması: Bitlis İl Merkezi Örneği. VI. Yıldız Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 12-13 Aralık 2019.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. (2014). Uygulamalı Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. Editör: Selahattin Güriş, DR Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Demirhan, A. (2019). Panel Logit Modelleri: Bankacılık Sektörü Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, Vol. 111, 341-356.
  • Doğan Köroğlu, A. (2014). En Az Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Erken Yaşta Evliliklerle Mücadele ve Türkiye Uygulamaları. T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü, Uzmanlık Tezi.
  • Goldscheider, F. K. and Waite, L. J. (1986). Sex Differences in the Entry into Marriage. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 92, 91-109.
  • Güriş, S., Topdağ, D. ve Bozkurt, G. (2019). OECD Ülkelerinde Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Panel Nitel Tercih Modelleri ile İncelenmesi. XI. IBANESS Kongreler Serisi, 742-750.
  • Hoffman, S. and Holmes, J. (1976). Husbands, Wives, and Divorce. Five Thousand American Families: Patterns of Economic Progress. Vol. 4, edited by G. Duncan and J. Morgan. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Researc.
  • Hoffman, S. and Duncan, G. (1997). The Effect of Incomes, Wages and Afdc Benefits on Marital Disruption. Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 30, 19–41.
  • Jain, S. and Kurz, K. (2007). New Insights on Preventing Child Marriage: A Global Analysis of Factors and Programs. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), Washington D.C.
  • Kaptanoğlu, İ. Y. ve Ergöçmen, B. (2012). Çocuk Gelin Olmaya Giden Yol. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 15, 130-161.
  • Lichter, D., LeClere, F. and McLaughlin, D. (1991). Local Marriage Markets and the Marital Behavior of Black and White Women. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 96, 843-67.
  • Lichter, D., McLaughlin D., G. Kephart and D. Landry D. (1992). Race and the Retreat from Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men?. American Sociological Review, Vol. 57, 781-99.
  • Lloyd, K. and South, S. (1996). Contextual Influences on Young Men's Transition to First Marriage. Social Forces, Vol. 74, 1097-119.
  • Mc Laughlin, D. and Lichter, D. (1993). Economic Independence, Marriage Markets, and Marital Behavior among Low-Income Women. The 1993 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association. Washington, DC: American Statistical Association.
  • Mare, R.D. and Winship, C. (1991). Socioeconomic Change and the Decline of Marriage for Blacks and Whites. The Urban Underclass, edited by C. Jencks and P.E. Peterson. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
  • Myers, J. and Harvey, R. (2011). Breaking Vows: Early and Forced Marriage and Girls’ Education. London: Plan. Oppenheimer, V. K. (1995). American Marriage Formation in the Eighties: How Important was Women's Economic Independence? In K. Mason & A. Jensen (Eds.), Gender and family change in industrialized countries. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  • Oppenheimer, V. (1988). A Theory of Marriage Timing. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, 563.
  • Qian, Z. and Preston, S. H. (1993). Changes in American Marriage, 1972-1987: Availability and Forces of Attraction by Age and Education. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 482-495.
  • Parsons, T. (1949). The Social Structure of the Family. The Family: Its Function and Destiny, edited by R. Anshen. New York: Harper and Brothers.
  • Saka, G., Ertem, M. ve İçlin, E. (2001). Diyarbakır Doğum Evi Hastanesinde Doğum Yapan Gebelerde Risk Faktörleri: Ön Çalışma. Perinataloji Dergisi, Vol. 9, No. 2, 110-115.
  • Sassler, S. and Goldscheider, F. (1997). Revisiting Jane Austen's Theory of Marriage Timing: Union Formation among American Men in the Late 20th Century. Population Association of America, Washington,
  • Schoen, R. and Wooldredge, J. (1989). Marriage Choices in North Carolina and Virginia, 1969-1971 and 1979-1981. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 51, 465-481.
  • Smock, P. J. and Manning, W. D. (2020). Cohabiting Partners’ Economic Circumstances and Marriage. Demography, Vol. 34, 331-341.
  • South, S. J. and Spitze, G. (1986). Determinants of Divorce over the Marital Life Course. American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, 583–590.
  • Sweeney, M. (1997). Women, Men, and Changing Families: The Shifting Economic Foundations of Marriage. Population Association of America, Washington, DC.
  • Testa, M., Astone, N.M., Krogh, M. and Neckerman, K. (1989). Employment and Marriage Among InnerCity Fathers. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 501, 9-91.
  • Thornton, A., Axinn, W. G. and Teachman, J. D. (2020). The Influence of School Enrollment and Accumulation on Cohabitation and Marriage in Early Adulthood, Sociological Review, Vol. 60, 762-774.
  • Weiss, W.Y. and Willis, R.J. (1997). Match Quality, New Information, and Marital Dissolution. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 15, 293-329.
  • Willams, R. (2012). Using the Margins Command to Estimate and Interpret Adjusted Predictions and Marginal Effects. The Stata Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 308-331.
  • Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Xie, Y., Raymo, J.M., Goyette, K. and Thornton, A. (2003). Economic Potential and Entry into Marriage and Cohabitation, Demography, Vol. 40, 351-367.
  • Yüksel, H. ve Yüksel, M. (2014). Çocuk İhmali ve İstismarı Bağlamında Türkiye’de Çocuk Gelinler Gerçeği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 5, No. 2, 001-024.

The Impact of Income and Education on Early Marriages: The Example of Northeast Anatolia Region

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 815 - 831, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.828858

Öz

Early marriage has emerged as a serious social problem in Turkey as well asin the world. This situation, which generally occurs in underdeveloped societies, is more dominant in our country, especially in the Eastern and South Eastern regions. Therefore, the provinces of Erzurum, Erzincan and Bayburt; Agri, Kars, Igdir and Ardahan which are located in the region called the Northeast Anatolian Region according to the Statistical Region Classification, where the rates of early marriage are high in Turkey, were examined by considering the 2008-2018 annual data set. To represent marriage at an early age in these regions girls and boys's number married 16-19 aged are porvided from Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI). The effect of macroeconomic variables on the increase in the number of early marriages was analyzed with the help of the Panel Logit model. According to the findings, national income per capita has a statistically significant effect on the increase in the number of women married at an early age, and the level of education significantly affects the increase in the number of men.
Key Words: Early Marriages, Per Capita Income, Education, Panel Logit Model, Northeast Anatolian Region
JEL Classification: J12, C33

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş, Ö. ve Özkoç, H. (2016). Stata Uygulamaları ile Nitel Veri Analizi. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Ame, K. R. (2013). Overcoming the Curse of Early Marriage in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, Vol. 19, No. 4, 150-163.
  • Anık, M. ve Barlin, R. (2017). The Problem of Child Brides in Turkey: Balıkesir Example. Journal of the Human and Social Science Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1827-1841.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2014). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Fifty Edition, United Kingdom.
  • Becker, G.S. (1981). A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Boran, P, Gülçay, G., Devecioğlu ve E. Eren, T. (2013). Çocuk Gelinler. Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 58-62.
  • Burgess, B., Propper, C. and Aasseve, A. (2003). The Role of Income in Marriage and Divorce Transitions among Young Americans. J Popul Econ, Vol. 16, 455-475
  • Clark, S. and J. Bruce, Dude, A. (2006). Protecting Young Women from HIV/AIDS: The Case against Child and Adolescent Marriage. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 32, No. 2, 79-88.
  • Çağırkan, B. (2019). Erken Yaşta Yapılan Evlilikler ve Aile Kurumuna Etkisi Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması: Bitlis İl Merkezi Örneği. VI. Yıldız Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 12-13 Aralık 2019.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. (2014). Uygulamalı Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. Editör: Selahattin Güriş, DR Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Demirhan, A. (2019). Panel Logit Modelleri: Bankacılık Sektörü Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, Vol. 111, 341-356.
  • Doğan Köroğlu, A. (2014). En Az Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Erken Yaşta Evliliklerle Mücadele ve Türkiye Uygulamaları. T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü, Uzmanlık Tezi.
  • Goldscheider, F. K. and Waite, L. J. (1986). Sex Differences in the Entry into Marriage. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 92, 91-109.
  • Güriş, S., Topdağ, D. ve Bozkurt, G. (2019). OECD Ülkelerinde Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Panel Nitel Tercih Modelleri ile İncelenmesi. XI. IBANESS Kongreler Serisi, 742-750.
  • Hoffman, S. and Holmes, J. (1976). Husbands, Wives, and Divorce. Five Thousand American Families: Patterns of Economic Progress. Vol. 4, edited by G. Duncan and J. Morgan. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Researc.
  • Hoffman, S. and Duncan, G. (1997). The Effect of Incomes, Wages and Afdc Benefits on Marital Disruption. Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 30, 19–41.
  • Jain, S. and Kurz, K. (2007). New Insights on Preventing Child Marriage: A Global Analysis of Factors and Programs. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), Washington D.C.
  • Kaptanoğlu, İ. Y. ve Ergöçmen, B. (2012). Çocuk Gelin Olmaya Giden Yol. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 15, 130-161.
  • Lichter, D., LeClere, F. and McLaughlin, D. (1991). Local Marriage Markets and the Marital Behavior of Black and White Women. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 96, 843-67.
  • Lichter, D., McLaughlin D., G. Kephart and D. Landry D. (1992). Race and the Retreat from Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men?. American Sociological Review, Vol. 57, 781-99.
  • Lloyd, K. and South, S. (1996). Contextual Influences on Young Men's Transition to First Marriage. Social Forces, Vol. 74, 1097-119.
  • Mc Laughlin, D. and Lichter, D. (1993). Economic Independence, Marriage Markets, and Marital Behavior among Low-Income Women. The 1993 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association. Washington, DC: American Statistical Association.
  • Mare, R.D. and Winship, C. (1991). Socioeconomic Change and the Decline of Marriage for Blacks and Whites. The Urban Underclass, edited by C. Jencks and P.E. Peterson. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
  • Myers, J. and Harvey, R. (2011). Breaking Vows: Early and Forced Marriage and Girls’ Education. London: Plan. Oppenheimer, V. K. (1995). American Marriage Formation in the Eighties: How Important was Women's Economic Independence? In K. Mason & A. Jensen (Eds.), Gender and family change in industrialized countries. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  • Oppenheimer, V. (1988). A Theory of Marriage Timing. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, 563.
  • Qian, Z. and Preston, S. H. (1993). Changes in American Marriage, 1972-1987: Availability and Forces of Attraction by Age and Education. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 482-495.
  • Parsons, T. (1949). The Social Structure of the Family. The Family: Its Function and Destiny, edited by R. Anshen. New York: Harper and Brothers.
  • Saka, G., Ertem, M. ve İçlin, E. (2001). Diyarbakır Doğum Evi Hastanesinde Doğum Yapan Gebelerde Risk Faktörleri: Ön Çalışma. Perinataloji Dergisi, Vol. 9, No. 2, 110-115.
  • Sassler, S. and Goldscheider, F. (1997). Revisiting Jane Austen's Theory of Marriage Timing: Union Formation among American Men in the Late 20th Century. Population Association of America, Washington,
  • Schoen, R. and Wooldredge, J. (1989). Marriage Choices in North Carolina and Virginia, 1969-1971 and 1979-1981. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 51, 465-481.
  • Smock, P. J. and Manning, W. D. (2020). Cohabiting Partners’ Economic Circumstances and Marriage. Demography, Vol. 34, 331-341.
  • South, S. J. and Spitze, G. (1986). Determinants of Divorce over the Marital Life Course. American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, 583–590.
  • Sweeney, M. (1997). Women, Men, and Changing Families: The Shifting Economic Foundations of Marriage. Population Association of America, Washington, DC.
  • Testa, M., Astone, N.M., Krogh, M. and Neckerman, K. (1989). Employment and Marriage Among InnerCity Fathers. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 501, 9-91.
  • Thornton, A., Axinn, W. G. and Teachman, J. D. (2020). The Influence of School Enrollment and Accumulation on Cohabitation and Marriage in Early Adulthood, Sociological Review, Vol. 60, 762-774.
  • Weiss, W.Y. and Willis, R.J. (1997). Match Quality, New Information, and Marital Dissolution. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 15, 293-329.
  • Willams, R. (2012). Using the Margins Command to Estimate and Interpret Adjusted Predictions and Marginal Effects. The Stata Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 308-331.
  • Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Xie, Y., Raymo, J.M., Goyette, K. and Thornton, A. (2003). Economic Potential and Entry into Marriage and Cohabitation, Demography, Vol. 40, 351-367.
  • Yüksel, H. ve Yüksel, M. (2014). Çocuk İhmali ve İstismarı Bağlamında Türkiye’de Çocuk Gelinler Gerçeği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 5, No. 2, 001-024.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nazife Özge Kılıç 0000-0002-6738-3638

Asiye Tütüncü 0000-0001-9473-9401

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç, N. Ö., & Tütüncü, A. (2021). Gelir ve Eğitim Düzeyinin Erken Yaşta Evlilikler Üzerine Etkisi: Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 28(4), 815-831. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.828858