Active tectonic and paleoseismologic characteristics of the Yenice-Gönen fault, NW Turkey, in light of the 18 March 1953 Yenice-Gönen Earthquake (Ms=7.2)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 159 Sayı: 159, 29 - 62, 15.08.2019

Akın Kürçer Selim Özalp Ersin Özdemir Çağıl Uygun Güldoğan Tamer Y. Duman

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.500553

Cited By: 7

Öz

The Yenice-Gönen Fault (YGF) is
located in the central part of the Biga Peninsula between Gönen and Yenice and
is a right-lateral strike-slip active fault with general trending N65°E. On 18
March 1953 there was an earthquake on the YGF that died 263 people (Ms=7.2) and
a 70 km surface rupture developed during this earthquake. In this study
measurements of slip distribution were performed on the surface rupture of the
Yenice-Gönen Earthquake (YGE) and the annual slip rate on the YGF was
calculated. Right-lateral displacements of between 1.70±0.1 and 3.20±0.2 metres
were measured on the surface rupture of the YGE. The maximum displacements were
in an area close to the central part of the YGF (between Çakır and Karaköy
village) and these values decreased relatively in NE and SW directions,
documenting that was the bilaterally surface rupture propogation during the
YGE. In the last 300.000 years, a total offset of 800±50 metres was measured on
Gönen River and annual slip rate of 2.65±0.15 mm was calculated along the YGF.
Current GPS studies show right-lateral strike-slip faults in the South Marmara
region have slip rates of 6-8 mm/year. This slip rate is assessed as being
partitioned between the YGF, Sarıköy Fault and Çan-Biga Fault zones which
represent extensions of the North Anatolian Fault system within the South
Marmara region. Paleoseismology studies determined that in the last 6200 years
6 earthquakes resulting in surface ruptures have occurred on the YGF, including
the 1953 earthquake. According to the 14C and OSL dating results, the variable
and irregular earthquake recurrence interval of YGF is ranging from 505 to 1793
years. In this study average earthquake recurrence interval of YGF was
determined as 1180 years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1953 Yenice-Gönen earthquake, Yenice-Gönen fault, North Anatolian Fault system, Slip rate, Paleoseismology

Teşekkür

This study was completed within the scope of the Turkish National Paleoseismology Research Project (TURKPAP). Project no: 2013-30-14-07. We would like to thank sincerely to Prof. Dr. Okan Tüysüz (İstanbul Technical University), Prof. Dr. Hasan Sözbilir (Dokuz Eylül University), Prof. Dr. Alexandros Chatzipetros (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) and anonymous referee whose valuable comments and useful criticisms have greatly improved the manuscript.

Active tectonic and paleoseismologic characteristics of the Yenice-Gönen fault, NW Turkey, in light of the 18 March 1953 Yenice-Gönen Earthquake (Ms=7.2)

Öz

 The Yenice-Gönen Fault (YGF) is located in the central part of the Biga Peninsula between Gönen and Yenice and is a right-lateral strike-slip active fault with general trending N65°E. On 18 March 1953 there was an earthquake on the YGF that died 263 people (Ms=7.2) and a 70 km surface rupture developed during this earthquake. In this study measurements of slip distribution were performed on the surface rupture of the Yenice-Gönen Earthquake (YGE) and the annual slip rate on the YGF was calculated. Right-lateral displacements of between 1.70±0.1 and 3.20±0.2 metres were measured on the surface rupture of the YGE. The maximum displacements were in an area close to the central part of the YGF (between Çakır and Karaköy village) and these values decreased relatively in NE and SW directions, documenting that was the bilaterally surface rupture propogation during the YGE. In the last 300.000 years, a total offset of 800±50 metres was measured on Gönen River and annual slip rate of 2.65±0.15 mm was calculated along the YGF. Current GPS studies show right-lateral strike-slip faults in the South Marmara region have slip rates of 6-8 mm/year. This slip rate is assessed as being partitioned between the YGF, Sarıköy Fault and Çan-Biga Fault zones which represent extensions of the North Anatolian Fault system within the South Marmara region. Paleoseismology studies determined that in the last 6200 years 6 earthquakes resulting in surface ruptures have occurred on the YGF, including the 1953 earthquake. According to the 14C and OSL dating results, the variable and irregular earthquake recurrence interval of YGF is ranging from 505 to 1793 years. In this study average earthquake recurrence interval of YGF was determined as 1180 years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1953 Yenice-Gönen earthquake, Yenice-Gönen fault, North Anatolian Fault System, Slip rate, Paleoseismology

Kaynakça

• Allmendinger, R. W., Cardozo, N., Fisher, D. 2012. Structural geology algorithms: Vectors and tensors in structural geology. Cambridge University Press, 302 p.
• Altunkaynak, Ş., Dilek, Y., Genç, C. Ş., Sunal, G., Gertisser, R., Furnes, H., Yang, J. 2012. Spatial, temporal and geochemical evolution of Oligo–Miocene granitoid magmatism in western Anatolia, Turkey. Gondwana Research, 21 (4), 961-986.
• Ambraseys, N.N. 2002. The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92 (1), 1-18.
• Ambraseys, N.N., Finkel, C.F. 1991. Long-term seismicity of İstanbul and of the Marmara Sea region. Terra Nova 3, 527–39
• Ambraseys, N., Jackson, J. 2000. Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500, Geophys. J. Int., 141, F1–F6.
• Armijo, R., Meyer, B., Hubert-Ferrari, A., Barka, A. 1999. Westward propagation of North Anatolian Fault into the Northern Aegean: timing and kinematics. Geology, 27, 267–70
• Ayhan, E. E., Alsan, N., Sancaklı, S.B., Üçer, B. 1981. Türkiye ve Dolayları Deprem Kataloğu (1881- 1990). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 126 s.
• Aysal, N. 2015. Mineral chemistry, crystallization conditions and geodynamic implications of the Oligo–Miocene granitoids in the Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 105, 68-84.
• Aysal, N., Ustaömer, T., Öngen, S., Keskin, M., Köksal, S., Peytcheva, I., Fanning, M. 2012a. Origin of the Early-Middle Devonian magmatism in the Sakarya Zone, NW Turkey: geochronology, geochemistry and isotope systematics. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 45, 201-222.
• Aysal, N., Öngen, S., Peytcheva, I., Keskin, M. 2012b. Origin and evolution of the Havran Unit, Western Sakarya basement (NW Turkey): new LA- ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the metasedimentary- metagranitic rocks and possible affiliation to Avalonian microcontinent. Geodinamica Acta, 25 (3-4), 226-247.
• Barka, A.A., Kadinsky-Cade, K. 1988. Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity. Tectonics, 7 (3), 663–684.
• Barka, A., Gülen, L. 1988. New constrains on age and total offset on the North Anatolian Fault Zone: Implications for tectonics of the Estern Mediterranean Region. METU Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 21, 39–63.
• Barka, A., Akyüz., S., Altunel, E., Sunal., G., Çakır, Z., Dikbaş, A., Yerli, B., Armijo, R., Meyer, B., de Chabalier, J. B., Rockwell, T., Dolan, J.R., Hartleb, R., Dawson, T., Christofferson, S., Tucker, A., Furnal, T., Langridge, R., Stenner, H., Lettis, Bachhuber, J., ve Page, W. 2002. The Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit Earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian Fault. Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer. 92 (1): 43-60.
• Bozkurt, E. 2001. Neotectonics of Turkey – A synthesis. Geodinamica Acta, 14, 3–30.
• Canıtez N, Üçer S.B. 1967. ACatalogue of Focal Mechanism Diagrams for Turkey and Adjoining Areas. İTÜ Maden Fak., Arz Fiziği Enst. Yayın No. 25. 111 pp.
• Dirik, K., Belindir, F., Özsayın, E., Kutluay, A. 2008. Neotectonic features and paleoseismology of Yenice- Gönen Fault Zone. Final report of TUBİTAK. Report no: TUJJB-UDP04-02, Ankara.
• dePolo, C. M., Clark, D. G., Slemmons, D. B., Aymand, W. H. 1989. Historical Basin and Range Province surface faulting and fault segmentation. In Fault Segmentation and Controls of Rupture Initiation and Termination (D. P. Schwartz, and R. H. Sibson, Eds.), U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 89–315, pp. 131–162.
• dePolo, C. M., Clark, D. G., Slemmons, D. B., Ramelli, A. R. 1991. Historical surface faulting in the Basin and Range Province, western North America— Implications for fault segmentation. J. Struct. Geol. 13, 123–136.
• Duru, M., Pehlivan, Ş., Okay, A.İ., Şentürk, Y., Kar, H. 2012. Biga Yarımadası’nın Tersiyer Öncesi Jeolojisi. Yüzer, E. ve Tunay, G. (Ed.), Biga Yarımadası’nın Genel ve Ekonomik Jeolojisi (7- 74). Ankara: ISBN: 978-605-5310-18-9. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Özel Yayın Serisi 28, 7-74.
• Emre, Ö., Doğan, A., Yıldırım, C. 2012. Biga Yarımadasının diri fayları ve deprem potansiyeli. In: Yüzer, E. ve Tünay, G. (Eds.), Biga Yarımadası’nın Genel ve Ekonomik Jeolojisi, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Özel Yayın Serisi 28, 163-198, Ankara-Türkiye.
• Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, Ş., Şaroğlu, Ş. 2013. Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Özel Yayın Serisi 30.
• GCMT Catalogue. The Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor Ctaloque. The Global Centroid-Moment Tensor (CMT) Project, 1976-2012, http://globalcmt.org7
• Gürer, Ö.F., Kaymakçı, N., Çakır, Ş., Özburan, M. 2003. Neotectonics of the southeast Marmara region, NW Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21, 1041–1051.
• Harvard Univ. 1998. Dep. Earth Planet. Sci., Cambridge, MA. http://www.seismology.harvard.edu
• Herece, E. 1990. 1953 Yenice–Gönen deprem kırığı ve Kuzey Anadolu fay sisteminin Biga Yarımadası’ndaki uzantıları, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 111, pp. 47–59.
• Jackson, J., McKenzie, D.P. 1984. Active tectonics of the Alpine–Himalayan Belt between western Turkey and Pakistan. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 77, 185–246.
• Karacık, Z., Yılmaz, Y., Pearce, J. A., Ece, Ö. I. 2008. Petrochemistry of the south Marmara granitoids, northwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97 (6), 1181-1200.
• Karakaisis, G. F., Papazachos, C. F., Scordilis, E. M. 2010. Seismic sources and main seismic faults in the aegean and surrounding area, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress (pp. 2016–2042). Patras.
• Kazancı, N., Emre, Ö., Erturaç, K., Leroy, S.A.G., Öncel, S., İleri, Ö., Toprak, Ö. 2014. Possible incision time of the large valleys in southern Marmara region, NW Turkey. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 148, pp. 1–17.
• Ketin, I., Roesly, F. 1953. Makroseismische Untersuchungen über das nordwestanatolische Beben vom 18. Marz 1953. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 46, 187–208.
• Kocaefe, S., Ataman, G. 1976. Anadolu’da sismotektonik olaylar: Antalya-Fethiye-Denizli üçgeni içinde yer alan bölgenin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Univ. Yerbilim. Derg. 2, 55–70
• Kreemer, C., Chamot-Roke, N., Le Pichon, X. 2004. Constraints on the evolution and vertical coherency of deformation in the North Aegean from a comparison of geodetic, geologic and seismologic data. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 225, 329–346.
• Kürçer, A. 2006. Yenice Gönen Civarının Neotektonik Özellikleri ve 18 Mart 1953 Yenice Gönen Deprem (Mw=7.2) Fayı’nın Paleosismolojisi, KB Türkiye. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tez No: 185774, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 190 sayfa (unpublished).
• Kürçer, A. 2008. Yenice Gönen Fayı ve sismotektonik anlamı, KB Anadolu, Türkiye. Ulusal Jeomorfoloji Sempozyumu, Bildiriler, 213-214. Çanakkale, 2008.
• Kürçer, A. 2012. Tuz Gölü Fay Zonu’nun Neotektonik Özellikleri ve Paleosismolojisi, Orta Anadolu, Türkiye, Doktora Tezi, Tez No: 318203, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 318 sayfa (unpublished).
• Kürçer, A., Chatzipetros, A., Tutkun, S. Z., Pavlides, S., Ateş, Ö., Valkaniotis, S. 2008. The Yenice–Gönen active fault (NW Turkey): Active tectonics and palaeoseismology. Tectonophysics, 453, 263–275.
• Kürçer, A., Chatzipetros, A., Tutkun, S. Z., Pavlides, S., Özden, S., Syrides, G., Vouvalides, K., Ekinci, Y. L. 2012. An assessment of the earthquakes of ancient Troy, NW Anatolia, Turkey (pp. 171–200). In E. Sharkov (Ed.), Tectonics – Recent advances (chapter 7, pp. 171–200). Ankara: InTech. ISBN: 978-953-51-0675-3.
• Kürçer, A., Yalçın, H., Gülen, L., Kalafat, D. 2015. 8 January 2013 Mw = 5.7 North Aegean Sea earthquake and its seismotectonic significance, Geodinamica Acta, 27, 2-3, 175-188, DOI:10.1080/09853111.2014.957503
• Kürçer, A., Özalp, S., Özdemir, E., Uygun Güldoğan, Ç., Duman, T.Y. 2016. Yüzey Kırığı Oluşturmuş Faylar üzerinde aktif tektonik ve paleosismolojik araştırmalar hakkında örnek çalışma: Yenice Gönen Fayı, KB Türkiye. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Doğal Kay. ve Eko. Bült. 21, 1-18.
• Kürçer, A., Özaksoy, V., Özalp, S., Uygun Güldoğan, Ç., Özdemir, E., Duman, T.Y. 2017. The Manyas Fault Zone (southern Marmara Region, NW Turkey): active tectonics and paleoseismology. Geodinamica Acta, 29, 1, 42-61, DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2017.1294013.
• Le Pichon, X Chamot-Rooke, N., Lallemant,S., Noomen, R., Veis, G. 1995. Geodetic determination of the kinematics of central Greece with respect to Europe implications for eastern Mediterranean tectonics, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 12675-12690.
• McKenzie, D.P. 1972. Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 30 (2), 109–185.
• McKenzie, D.P. 1978. Active tectonics of the Alpine Himalayan Belt The Aegean Sea and surrounding regions, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 55, 217-254.
• Meade, B., Hager, B., Reilinger, R. 2002. Estimates of seismic potential in the Marmara region from block models of secular deformation constrained by GPS measurements. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 92 (1), 208–215.
• Okay, A. İ. Göncüoğlu, M.C. 2004. The Karakaya Complex: a review of data and concepts. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 2, 75-95.
• Okay, A. İ., Kaşlılar-Özcan, A., İmren, C., Boztepe-Güney, A., Demirbağ, E., Kuşçu, İ. 2000. Active faults and evolving strike-slip basins in the Marmara Sea, northwest Turkey: A multichannel seismic reflection study. Tectonophysics, 321, 189–218.
• Örgülü, G., Aktar, M. 2001. Regional moment tensor inversion for strong aftershocks of the August 17, 1999 İzmit earthquake (Mw= 7.4). Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 371–74
• Özalaybey, S., Ergin, M., Aktar, M., Tapırdamaz, C., Biçmen, F., Yörük, A. 2002. The 1999 ˙Izmit earthquake sequence in Turkey: seismological and tectonic aspects. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 92, 376–86.
• Özden, S., Bekler, T., Tutkun, S. Z., Kürçer, A., Ateş, Ö., Bekler, F., Kalafat, D., Gündoğdu, E., Bircan, F., Çınar, S., Çağlayan, Ö., Gürgen, M., İşler, H., Yalçınöz, A. 2008. Biga Yarımadası ve Güney Marmara bölgesinin sismotektoniği. Aktif Tektonik Araştırma Grubu 12. Toplantısı, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, s. 48-49, Akçakoca, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Türkiye.
• Papadopoulos, G.A., Kondopoulou, D.P., Leventakis, G.A., Pavlides, S.B. 1986. Seismotectonics of the Aegean region. Tectonophysics 124, 67–84
• Pınar, N. 1953. Preliminary Note on the Earthquake of Yenice Gönen, Turkey, March 18, 1953. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 43, pp. 307–310.
• Reilinger, R.E., McClusky, S.C., Oral, M.B., King, R.W., Toksöz, M.N., Barka, A.A., Kinik, I., Lenk, O., Sanli, I. 1997. Global positioning system measurements of present day crustal movements in the Arabian–African–Eurasian plate collision zone. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 9983–9999.
• Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Vernant, P., Lawrence, S., Ergintav, S., Çakmak, R., Özener, H., Kadrov, F., Guliev, I., Stepanyan, R., Nadariya, M., Hahubia, G., Mahmoud, S., Sakr, K., ArRajeh, A., Paradissis, D., Al-Aydrus, A., Prilepin, M., Guseva, T., Evren, E., Dmitrotsa, A., Filikov, S.V., Gomez, F., Al-Ghazzi, R., Karam, G. 2006. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, B05411.
• Rose, C.B. 1994. The 1993 post-Bronze Age excavations at Troia. Studia Troica 4: 75–104
• Rose, C.B. 1996. The 1995 post-Bronze Age research and excavations at Troia. Studia Troica 6, 97–101
• Selim, H., Tüysüz, O. 2013. The Bursa–Gönen Depression, NW Turkey: a complex basin developed on the North Anatolian Fault. Geol. Mag. 150 (5), 2013, pp. 801–821.
• Selim, H., Tüysüz, O., Karabaş, A., Taş, K.Ö. 2013. Morphotectonic evidence from the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and basins of the south Marmara sub-region, NW Turkey. Quaternary International, 292, 176-192.
• Straub, C.S. 1996. Recent crustal deformation and strain accumulation in the Marmara Sea region, N.W. Anatolia, inferred from GPS measurements. unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich, p.122, plus appendices.
• Straub, C., Kahle, H. 1997. Active crustal deformation in the Marmara Sea region, NW Anatolia, inferred from GPS measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (18), 2533–2536.
• Şengör, A. M. C. 1979. The North Anatolian transform fault: Its age, offset and tectonic significance. Journal of the Geological Society, 136, 269–282.
• Şengör, A.M.C. 1980. Türkiye’nin Neotektoniği’nin Esasları, Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Konferans Serisi 2.
• Şengör, A. M. C., Barka, A. A. 1992. Evolution of escape-related strike-slip systems: Implications for distribution of collisional orogens. 29th International Geological Congress, Kyoto, Japan, Abstracts, 1, 232.
• Şengör, A. M. C., Görür, N., Şaroğlu, F. 1985. Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. K. T. Biddle, K.T.,Christie-Blick, N. (Eds.), Strike-slip Deformation, Basin Formation and Sedimentation. SEMP Special Publication 37, 227–264.
• Şengör, A. M. C., Tüysüz, O., İmren, C., Sakınç, M., Eyidoğan, H., Görür, N., Rangin, C. 2004. The North Anatolian fault: A new look. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33, 1–77. doi:10.1146/annure.earth.32.101802.120415
• Taymaz, T., Jackson, J., McKenzie, D. P. 1991. Active tectonics of the north and central Aegean Sea. Geophysical Journal International, 106, 433–490.