Zekât ve Vakıf Bağlamında Yoksulluk, Açlık ve Eşitsizlik

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 49 - 64, 03.07.2019

Ahmet Suayb Gundogdu

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoksullukla mücadele, açlık ve eşitsizlik konularında Zekat ve Vakıf kurumlarının üstlendiği farklı rolleri
değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışma ile Zekat ve Vakfın söz konusu sosyal yaraları sarmak maksadı ile alternatif olarak kullanıldığı
bir plan sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Makale; İnfak, Sadaka, Zekat, Para Vakfı, Kurumsal Vakıf ve Geleneksel Vakıf alanlarına
ilişkin mevcut literatürde bulunan çelişkili noktaları da açıklığa kavuşturan nitel bir araştırma projesidir. İdeal bir sosyal
güvenlik ağına; yoksulluğa odaklanılarak ve ekonomik olanak sağlama programlarına özel önem gösterilerek ulaşılabilir.
Zekat, piyasa mükemmeliyetsizliklerinin yarattığı eşitsizlikleri dengelerken geçiş sürecindeki insanların açlık sorununu
hafifletmede destekleyici bir rol oynamalıdır. Zekat fonları İslami açıdan sosyal altyapı projeleri için kullanılamadığından,
geleneksel vakıf, ekonomik olarak savunmasız insanlar için sosyal altyapı ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında kullanılmalıdır. Buna
ek olarak, çağdaş Para Vakfı ve Kurumsal Vakıf formları sosyal altyapı projeleri için kaynak mobilizasyonu için ehemmiyet
arz etmektedir. Mevcut literatürden farklı olarak, bu makale İslami sosyal yatırım ve sosyal transfer için alternatif bir taslak
sunmakta olup infak, sadaka, zekat ve vakf’ın bu bağlamdaki farklı rollerini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Farklı İslami sosyal
yatırım ve sosyal transfer araçları, her biri ayrı bir alanda hareket eden ve aynı nihai amaca hizmet eden çatal dişleri gibi
işlev görmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnfak, Sadaka, Zekat, Vakıf, Para Vakfı, Kurumsal Vakıf, İslami Mikrofinans, Ekonomik Olanak Sağlama

Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf

Öz

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the differing roles of zakat and waqf in poverty alleviation, hunger, and inequality.
It aims to provide a blueprint for harnessing zakat and waqf as alternatives to remedy these social ills. The paper is
a qualitative research project, performed through analysis of literature regarding current confusion points pertaining
to the areas of infaq, sadaqah, zakat, cash waqf, corporate waqf, and traditional waqf. An ideal social safety net is
attainable by focusing on poverty, giving special attention to economic empowerment programs. Zakat should play a
supporting role in abating hunger for people in the transition while counterbalancing inequalities created by market
imperfections. Since zakat funds cannot be used for social infrastructure development, traditional waqf should fulfil
these needs among vulnerable people. Additionally, contemporary forms of cash waqf and corporate waqf are essential
in mobilizing resources for social infrastructure development. In contrast to existing literature, this paper provides an
alternative blueprint for Islamic social investment and transfer, clearly delineating the roles of infaq, sadaqah, zakat, and
waqf. Different Islamic social investment and transfer tools should function like prongs, each acting in a separate sphere,
working to serve the same ultimate purpose.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Infaq, Sadaqah, Sadaqah, Waqf, Cash Waqf, Corporate Waqf, Islamic Microfinance, Economic Empowerment

Kaynakça

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