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Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İş Hayatına İlişkin Eğilimleri: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 282 - 303, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.52835/19maysbd.1130092

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, girişimcilik boyutlarından hareketle, üniversite öğrencilerinin genç girişimci olma yolundaki isteklerini girişimcilik dersi alıp almama bazında değerlendirmek ve yaratıcılığın girişimcilik performansı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmada yaratıcılık ile özgüven, kontrol odaklılık, fırsatları değerlendirme, risk alma, yenilikçilik, kararlılık, başarma isteği girişimcilik alt boyutlarından oluşan bir model kullanılmıştır. Girişimcilik eğitimi ile girişimci olma istekleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi bakımından girişimcilik eğitimi de modele dahil edilerek girişimcilik dersi bazında farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Araştırmada Mersin Üniversitesinde eğitim gören 300 öğrenciden veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, yaratıcılık ile girişimciliğin tüm alt boyutları arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkilerin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmada, bağımsız örnekler için t testi sonuçlarına bakıldığında, girişimcilik dersi almış ve almamış öğrenci gruplarının sadece yenilikçilik bazında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde ayrıştığı görülmektedir. Buna göre girişimcilik dersi almamış kişilerin yenilikçilik ölçek puanları 3.70 ile girişimcilik dersi almış kişilerden daha yüksektir ve bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Öte yandan girişimcilik ölçeği ve girişimcilik ölçek alt boyutlarının, girişimcilik dersi alıp almama durumu bazında ayrışmadığı görülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

TOROS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Thanks

DEĞERLİ SAYGIDEĞER HOCALARIM YAPTIĞIMIZ ÇALIŞMAMIZI DERGİNİZE GÖNDERMEKTEN DOLAYI GURUR DUYMAKTAYIZ. EMEKLERİNİZE VE GÖSTERECEĞİNİZ İLGİYE TEŞEKKÜR EDERİZ. İYİ ÇALIŞMALAR...

References

  • Ahmad, N., Hoffmann, A.N. (2008). “A Framework for Addressing and Measuring Entrepreneurship, OECD Statistics Working Papers”, 2008/02, Paris: OECD.
  • Amabile, T. (1988). “A model of creativity and innovation in organisations”, In Research in Organisational Behaviour, Staw, B. M. and Cummings, L. L. (Eds.), Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 123–167
  • Amabile, T.M. (1997). “Motivating creativity in organizations: On doing what you love and loving what you do”, California Management Review, 40(1), 39-58.
  • Amabile, T.M. (1998). “How to Kill Creativity”, Harvard Business Review, September-October, 77-87.
  • Amabile, T.M., Conti, R. Coon, H. Lazenby, J. ve Herron, M. (1996). “Assessing the work environment for creativity”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184.
  • Baron, R. A., and Ward, T. B. (2004). ‘Expanding entrepreneurial cognition’s toolbox: potential contributions from the field of cognitive science’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 28, pp 553–575.
  • Bayraktar, S. (2008). “Girişimcilik”, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, EIS526 –H13-1.
  • Bentley, T. (1999). “Takımınızın yeteneklerini geliştirmede yaratıcılık”, (Çev: O. Yıldırım), İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
  • Bird, B. (1988). ‘Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 13, pp 442– 453.
  • Bird, B. J. (1989). Entrepreneurial Bahavior, Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenviev, Illinois.
  • Cantillon, R. (1730). “An Essay on the Nature of Commerce”, A New English Translation, Translated by Chantal Saucier , Edited by Mark Thornton, Table of Contents Introduction by Chantal Saucier and Mark Thornton.
  • Casson, M., Yeung, B., Basu, A., Wadeson, W. (2006). ”The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship”, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008).”Personality: Theory and research”(10th ed.).Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Churchıll, N.C. (1992). Research Issuess in Entrepreneurship, In Sexton, D.L.; Kasarda, J,D., eds., The State of The Art of Entrepreneurship, PWS-KENT, Boston, MA, s.586.
  • Davidsson, P. (2003).” The Domain of Entrepreneurship Research: Some Suggestions”, in: Katz, J. and Shepherd,S., (eds.) Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, Vol.6. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 315- 372.
  • Dugassa, Tessema Gerba. (2012). "Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia", African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Vol. 3 Issue: 2, pp.258-277.
  • Feist, G. J. (1998).”A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity”, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4), 290-309.
  • Fillis,I.,Rentschler, R. (2010). “The Role of Creatıvıty in Entrepreneurshıp”, Journal of Enterprising Culture Vol. 18, No. 1, p.49–81.
  • Ford, D.Y., Harris, J.J. (1992). “The Elusive Definition of Creativity”, Joumal of Creative BehavIor, Volume 26 , Number 3 ,p. 187,195).
  • Hébert, R.F., Link, A.N. (1989).” In search of the meaning of entrepreneurship”, Small Bus. Econ. 1, 39–49.
  • Hébert, Robert F. (1985).” Was Richard Cantillon an Austrian economist?”, J. Libertarian Stud. VII (No. 2).
  • Hısrıch, R. D. ve Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, s.10.
  • Hills, G.E. (1988). “Variations in university entrepreneurship education: an empirical study of an evolving field”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 109-22.
  • Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P. (1998). “Entrepreneurship”, New York: Irwin Mc Graw Hill. Im, S., Montoya, M. M., Workmen,Jr. J. P. (2013). “Antecedents and consequences of creativity in product innovation teams”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(1), 170-185.
  • Johannisson, B., Landstro¨m, H., Rosenberg, J. (1998). “University training forentrepreneurship – an action frame of reference”, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 477-96.
  • Kaufmann, J. Patrick, Welsh, H.B Dianne, Bushmarin, Nicholas. (1995). “Locus of Control and Entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20 (1), (1995), p. 43-56.
  • Kelly, K. E. (2006).”Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and the scale of creative attributes and behavior: A validational study”, Individual Differences Research, 4(5),299-305.
  • King, N., & Anderson, N. (2002). “Managing innovation and change: A guide for organizations”, London: Thompson.
  • Klijn, M., Tomic, W. (2010). “A review of creativity within organizations from a psychological perspective”, Journal of Management Development Vol. 29 No. 4, 2010 pp. 322-343.
  • Krueger, N. F. Jr, Reilly, M. D., and Carsrud, A. L. (2000). ‘Competing models of entrepreneurial intention’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 15, pp 411–432.
  • Lambing, Peggy ve Charles R. (2000). “Entrepreneurship”, Second Edition, New York: Prentice Hall
  • Low, M. B., and MacMillan, I. C. (1988). ‘Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges’, Journal of Management, Vol 14, pp 139–161.
  • Luecke, R. (2011). “İş dünyasında yenilik ve yaratıcılık, (Çev: T. Parlak), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınlar.
  • Lumpkın, G.T., Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21 (1): 135-172.
  • Macko, A., Tyszka, Tadeusz. (2000). “Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking,” Applied Psychology, 58 (3), (2000), p. 469-487.
  • Macko, A., Tyszka, Tadeusz. (2000). “Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking,” Applied Psychology, 58 (3), (2000), p. 469-487.
  • May, R. (2010). “Yaratma cesareti”, İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • McDaniel, A. Bruce, “Entrepreneurship and Innovation: An Economic Approach”, M. E. Sharpe, USA, 2002.
  • Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall, P. P., Morse, E. , A., and Smith, J. B. (2002). ‘Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition: rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 27, pp 93–104.
  • Morris, M., Kuratko, D. (2002).”Corporate Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial development within organizations”, Fort Worth, Texas: Hartcourt College Publishers.
  • Napier, H. Albert, Rivers, N. Ollie ve Wagner, W. Stuart. (2006). “Creating a Winning E-Business”, Cengage Learning, USA, 2006.
  • Oldham, G.R., Cummings, A. (1996). “Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work”, Academy of Management fournal, 1996. Vol. 39. No. 3. 607-634.
  • Parker, S.C. (1996). “A time series model of self-employment under uncertainty”, Economica 63, 459–475.
  • Pihie, Lope, Akmaliah, Zaidatol. (2009). “Entrepreneurship as a Career Choice: An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Intention of University Students,” European Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (2), (2009), p. 338-349.
  • Prabhu, V., Sutton, C., Sauser, W. (2008).”Creativity and certain personality traits: Understanding the mediating role effect of intrinsic motivation”, Creativity Research Journal, 20(1), 53-66.
  • Reisman, D. (2004). “Schumpeter's Market: Enterprise and Evolution”, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. DA Reisman - 2004 - books.google.com.
  • Shane, S., E.J. (2003). The Individual-Opportunity Nexus, in Acs, Zoltan J and David B Audretsch (eds), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. An Interdisciplinary Survey and Introduction. Boston (Mass): Kluwer: 161-194.
  • Shane, S., Venkataraman, S. (2000).”The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research”, Academy of Management Review 25: 217-226.
  • Shaver, K. G. (1995). ‘The entrepreneurial personality myth’, B&E Review, April–June, pp 20–23.
  • Solomon, G. T., and Fernald, L. W. Jr. (1991). ‘Trends in small business management and entrepreneurship education in the United States’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 15, pp 25–39.
  • Sundbo, Jon, (1998).” The Theory of Innovation: Entrepreneurs, Technology and Strategy”, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 1998.
  • Tiftik, H., Zincirkıran, M. (2014). “A Survey of Entrepreneurial Tendencies Candidate Young Entrepreneurs: Foundation University Sample”, Journal of Management Research, Cilt:6, Sayı:2, s. 186-187.
  • Uluyol, O. (2013).”Öğrencilerin Girişimcilik Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi: Gölbaşı Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği”, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Yıl 6, Sayı 15, s. 358
  • Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research, in Katz, Jerome A (ed.), Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth. Volume 3, Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press: 119-138.
  • Wickham, A. Philip. (2006). “Strategic Entrepreneurship”, Financial Times Prentice Hall, UK, 2006.
  • Yılmaz, E., Sünbül, A. M. (2009). “Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, s.196-203.
  • Young, J. G. (1985). “What Is Creativity?”, The Journal of Crutlve BehaVİOR, Volume 19 Number 2, p. 77-78.
  • Zhou, J., George, J. M. (2001). “When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice”, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 4, ABI/INFORM Global, s. 682
Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 282 - 303, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.52835/19maysbd.1130092

Abstract

References

  • Ahmad, N., Hoffmann, A.N. (2008). “A Framework for Addressing and Measuring Entrepreneurship, OECD Statistics Working Papers”, 2008/02, Paris: OECD.
  • Amabile, T. (1988). “A model of creativity and innovation in organisations”, In Research in Organisational Behaviour, Staw, B. M. and Cummings, L. L. (Eds.), Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 123–167
  • Amabile, T.M. (1997). “Motivating creativity in organizations: On doing what you love and loving what you do”, California Management Review, 40(1), 39-58.
  • Amabile, T.M. (1998). “How to Kill Creativity”, Harvard Business Review, September-October, 77-87.
  • Amabile, T.M., Conti, R. Coon, H. Lazenby, J. ve Herron, M. (1996). “Assessing the work environment for creativity”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184.
  • Baron, R. A., and Ward, T. B. (2004). ‘Expanding entrepreneurial cognition’s toolbox: potential contributions from the field of cognitive science’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 28, pp 553–575.
  • Bayraktar, S. (2008). “Girişimcilik”, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, EIS526 –H13-1.
  • Bentley, T. (1999). “Takımınızın yeteneklerini geliştirmede yaratıcılık”, (Çev: O. Yıldırım), İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
  • Bird, B. (1988). ‘Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 13, pp 442– 453.
  • Bird, B. J. (1989). Entrepreneurial Bahavior, Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenviev, Illinois.
  • Cantillon, R. (1730). “An Essay on the Nature of Commerce”, A New English Translation, Translated by Chantal Saucier , Edited by Mark Thornton, Table of Contents Introduction by Chantal Saucier and Mark Thornton.
  • Casson, M., Yeung, B., Basu, A., Wadeson, W. (2006). ”The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship”, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008).”Personality: Theory and research”(10th ed.).Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Churchıll, N.C. (1992). Research Issuess in Entrepreneurship, In Sexton, D.L.; Kasarda, J,D., eds., The State of The Art of Entrepreneurship, PWS-KENT, Boston, MA, s.586.
  • Davidsson, P. (2003).” The Domain of Entrepreneurship Research: Some Suggestions”, in: Katz, J. and Shepherd,S., (eds.) Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, Vol.6. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 315- 372.
  • Dugassa, Tessema Gerba. (2012). "Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia", African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Vol. 3 Issue: 2, pp.258-277.
  • Feist, G. J. (1998).”A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity”, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4), 290-309.
  • Fillis,I.,Rentschler, R. (2010). “The Role of Creatıvıty in Entrepreneurshıp”, Journal of Enterprising Culture Vol. 18, No. 1, p.49–81.
  • Ford, D.Y., Harris, J.J. (1992). “The Elusive Definition of Creativity”, Joumal of Creative BehavIor, Volume 26 , Number 3 ,p. 187,195).
  • Hébert, R.F., Link, A.N. (1989).” In search of the meaning of entrepreneurship”, Small Bus. Econ. 1, 39–49.
  • Hébert, Robert F. (1985).” Was Richard Cantillon an Austrian economist?”, J. Libertarian Stud. VII (No. 2).
  • Hısrıch, R. D. ve Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, s.10.
  • Hills, G.E. (1988). “Variations in university entrepreneurship education: an empirical study of an evolving field”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 109-22.
  • Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P. (1998). “Entrepreneurship”, New York: Irwin Mc Graw Hill. Im, S., Montoya, M. M., Workmen,Jr. J. P. (2013). “Antecedents and consequences of creativity in product innovation teams”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(1), 170-185.
  • Johannisson, B., Landstro¨m, H., Rosenberg, J. (1998). “University training forentrepreneurship – an action frame of reference”, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 477-96.
  • Kaufmann, J. Patrick, Welsh, H.B Dianne, Bushmarin, Nicholas. (1995). “Locus of Control and Entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20 (1), (1995), p. 43-56.
  • Kelly, K. E. (2006).”Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and the scale of creative attributes and behavior: A validational study”, Individual Differences Research, 4(5),299-305.
  • King, N., & Anderson, N. (2002). “Managing innovation and change: A guide for organizations”, London: Thompson.
  • Klijn, M., Tomic, W. (2010). “A review of creativity within organizations from a psychological perspective”, Journal of Management Development Vol. 29 No. 4, 2010 pp. 322-343.
  • Krueger, N. F. Jr, Reilly, M. D., and Carsrud, A. L. (2000). ‘Competing models of entrepreneurial intention’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 15, pp 411–432.
  • Lambing, Peggy ve Charles R. (2000). “Entrepreneurship”, Second Edition, New York: Prentice Hall
  • Low, M. B., and MacMillan, I. C. (1988). ‘Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges’, Journal of Management, Vol 14, pp 139–161.
  • Luecke, R. (2011). “İş dünyasında yenilik ve yaratıcılık, (Çev: T. Parlak), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınlar.
  • Lumpkın, G.T., Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21 (1): 135-172.
  • Macko, A., Tyszka, Tadeusz. (2000). “Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking,” Applied Psychology, 58 (3), (2000), p. 469-487.
  • Macko, A., Tyszka, Tadeusz. (2000). “Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking,” Applied Psychology, 58 (3), (2000), p. 469-487.
  • May, R. (2010). “Yaratma cesareti”, İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • McDaniel, A. Bruce, “Entrepreneurship and Innovation: An Economic Approach”, M. E. Sharpe, USA, 2002.
  • Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall, P. P., Morse, E. , A., and Smith, J. B. (2002). ‘Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition: rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 27, pp 93–104.
  • Morris, M., Kuratko, D. (2002).”Corporate Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial development within organizations”, Fort Worth, Texas: Hartcourt College Publishers.
  • Napier, H. Albert, Rivers, N. Ollie ve Wagner, W. Stuart. (2006). “Creating a Winning E-Business”, Cengage Learning, USA, 2006.
  • Oldham, G.R., Cummings, A. (1996). “Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work”, Academy of Management fournal, 1996. Vol. 39. No. 3. 607-634.
  • Parker, S.C. (1996). “A time series model of self-employment under uncertainty”, Economica 63, 459–475.
  • Pihie, Lope, Akmaliah, Zaidatol. (2009). “Entrepreneurship as a Career Choice: An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Intention of University Students,” European Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (2), (2009), p. 338-349.
  • Prabhu, V., Sutton, C., Sauser, W. (2008).”Creativity and certain personality traits: Understanding the mediating role effect of intrinsic motivation”, Creativity Research Journal, 20(1), 53-66.
  • Reisman, D. (2004). “Schumpeter's Market: Enterprise and Evolution”, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. DA Reisman - 2004 - books.google.com.
  • Shane, S., E.J. (2003). The Individual-Opportunity Nexus, in Acs, Zoltan J and David B Audretsch (eds), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. An Interdisciplinary Survey and Introduction. Boston (Mass): Kluwer: 161-194.
  • Shane, S., Venkataraman, S. (2000).”The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research”, Academy of Management Review 25: 217-226.
  • Shaver, K. G. (1995). ‘The entrepreneurial personality myth’, B&E Review, April–June, pp 20–23.
  • Solomon, G. T., and Fernald, L. W. Jr. (1991). ‘Trends in small business management and entrepreneurship education in the United States’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 15, pp 25–39.
  • Sundbo, Jon, (1998).” The Theory of Innovation: Entrepreneurs, Technology and Strategy”, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 1998.
  • Tiftik, H., Zincirkıran, M. (2014). “A Survey of Entrepreneurial Tendencies Candidate Young Entrepreneurs: Foundation University Sample”, Journal of Management Research, Cilt:6, Sayı:2, s. 186-187.
  • Uluyol, O. (2013).”Öğrencilerin Girişimcilik Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi: Gölbaşı Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği”, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Yıl 6, Sayı 15, s. 358
  • Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research, in Katz, Jerome A (ed.), Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth. Volume 3, Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press: 119-138.
  • Wickham, A. Philip. (2006). “Strategic Entrepreneurship”, Financial Times Prentice Hall, UK, 2006.
  • Yılmaz, E., Sünbül, A. M. (2009). “Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, s.196-203.
  • Young, J. G. (1985). “What Is Creativity?”, The Journal of Crutlve BehaVİOR, Volume 19 Number 2, p. 77-78.
  • Zhou, J., George, J. M. (2001). “When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice”, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 4, ABI/INFORM Global, s. 682
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ümmü Demir 0000-0003-0209-0778

Mert Aktaş 0000-0003-3791-6664

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date June 13, 2022
Acceptance Date September 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Demir, Ü., & Aktaş, M. (2022). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İş Hayatına İlişkin Eğilimleri: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(3), 282-303. https://doi.org/10.52835/19maysbd.1130092