18 MART MUTABAKATI: BİR HUKUKİ ANALİZ

Öz

2015 yılında ortaya çıkan göçmen krizini hafifletebilmek amacıyla Türkiye ile AB arasında yapılan 18 Mart Mutabakatı, caydırıcı etkisiyle Ege’de ölümleri büyük ölçüde önlemeyi başarmıştır. Ancak, mutabakatın temel unsuru olan “1’e 1” uygulamasının uluslararası hukuka ve AB hukukuna aykırı olduğu farklı çevrelerce iddia edilmişti. AB kurumları da mutabakatın ABAD’ın yargı denetimine takılmasını engellemek için mutabakatla bağlantıları olmadığını ileri sürmüşlerdir. Siyaseten mantıklı bir tercih olarak görünmekle beraber, AB açısından hukuken sorunlu bir durum ortaya çıkmıştır. Makale, 18 Mart Mutabakatını hukuki bir perspektiften ele almakta olup, AB’nin hangi kurum tarafından temsil edildiği ve Mutabakatın uluslararası anlaşma niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığı hususlarını irdelemektedir. 18 Mart Mutabakatı ve akdedildiği bağlam hukuken irdelendiğinde, bu metnin AB adına hareket eden AB Zirvesi ile Türkiye arasında yapılan bir politik mutabakat olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 18 Mart Mutabakatı
• AB-Türkiye Bildirisi
• Geri Kabul Anlaşması
• Göçmen Krizi
• Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı

EU-Turkey Migration Deal: A Legal Analysis

Abstract

EU-Turkey Migration Deal of 2015, succeeded to curb deaths in the Aegean thanks to its deterring impact. However, it was criticized on the grounds that the “1 for 1” formula was against international and EU law. EU institutions claimed they had not taken part in the deal to avoid the annulment of the deal by EU’s Court of Justice. This article analyzes the deal from a legal perspective to figure out which actor had been a part of the deal on behalf of the EU and whether the deal qualifies as an international agreement. The legal analysis indicates that the Statement appears to be a political arrangement rather than an international agreement concluded between Turkey and the European Council representing the EU.

Keywords

• 18 March Statement
• EU-Turkey Migration Deal
• Readmission Agreement
• Refugee Crisis
• European Court of Justice

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