İtalya'da Göç Politikaları ve Avrupalılaşma: Aşırı Sağ Söylem Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, İtalya örneğinden hareketle, İtalya Başbakanı Giorgia Meloni ve liderliğini sürdürdüğü Fratelli d’Italia (İtalya’nın Kardeşleri) partisinin söylemleri üzerinden, aşırı sağ popülist partilerin göç politikalarındaki Avrupalılaşma eğilimlerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Eylül 2022 seçimlerinde oyların yüzde 26’sından fazlasını alarak, Forza Italia (Haydi İtalya) ve Lega (Lig) partileriyle koalisyon kuran Fratelli d’Italia göçü büyük ölçüde bir güvenlik sorunu olarak sunmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, özellikle “düzensiz göç, söylemde bir “kriz” olarak tanımladığında, AB ile ortak bir yönetimsellik alanı içinde yeniden konumlandırılmaktadır. Çalışma, Meloni’nin söylemini, “göçün yönetimselliği” perspektifinden ele almakta ve Avrupalılaşma sürecini eleştirel bir yaklaşımla değerlendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda söylemsel düzeyde Avrupalılaşma, AB’nin siyasi ve normatif referanslarının araçsallaştırılması yoluyla şekillenmektedir. Kuramsal olarak post-yapısalcı bir çerçeveye dayanan çalışma, yöntemsel düzeyde Eleştirel Söylem Analizi’ni esas almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç
• Avrupa Birliği
• Avrupalılaşma
• İtalya
• Aşırı Sağ

Europeanization and Migration Policies in Italy: An Analysis of Far-Right Discourse

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the Europeanization of migration policies of far-right populist parties through the case of Italy, and focusing on the discourse of Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her party, the Fratelli d’Italia (Brothers of Italy). In 2022 elections, Fratelli d’Italia received over 26% of the vote and came to power through a coalition with Forza Italia and Lega (League). Fratelli d’Italia largely frames migration as a security issue. In this context, in particular, when “irregular migration” is constructed as a “crisis” in the discourse, it is re-situated within a shared field of governmentality with the EU. The study examines Meloni’s discourse through the lens of “governmentality of migration” and offers a critical assessment of the Europeanization process. At the discursive level, Europeanization is shaped through the instrumentalization of the EU’s political and normative frameworks. The study is theoretically grounded in a post-structuralist approach and methodologically employs Critical Discourse Analysis.

Keywords

• Migration
• European Union
• Europeanisation
• Italy
• Far-Right

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