Avrupa Birliği’nin İklim Değişikliği ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Politikalarında Liderlik: Retorikten Pratiğe

Öz

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin iklim değişikliği ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikalarındaki liderlik kapasitesini, retorik ve pratik arasındaki uyum çerçevesinde eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve iklim değişikliği, temelde bütünleşik politika alanları olmasına rağmen, 1970’lerden Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’na uzanan süreçte ayrı eksenlerde gelişmiş; bu durum Birliğin liderlik kapasitesini sınırlamış ve politika etkinliğini azaltmıştır. Entegrasyon süreciyle birlikte bu kapasitenin güçlendiği gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin politika entegrasyonunun liderlik kapasitesi üzerindeki etkisini dört boyutta (yapısal, kognitif, enstrümantal ve öncü) sistematik olarak analiz ederek, literatürdeki önemli bir boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçeve, Avrupa Birliği’nin liderlik kapasitesine ilişkin analizlerde dört boyutlu bütünsel bir yaklaşımı ilk kez sunmaktadır. Araştırmada, Avrupa Birliği mevzuatı, resmi politika belgeleri, strateji raporları ve uluslararası müzakere metinleri nitel doküman analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bulgular, politika alanlarının entegrasyonu ve kurumsallaşmasıyla birlikte yapısal ve kognitif liderlik kapasitesinin güçlendiğini; enstrümantal liderlikte ise pazarlık gücünün arttığını göstermektedir. Ancak üye devlet çıkarlarının farklılaşması, öncü liderlik kapasitesinin sürekliliğini sınırlandırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• İklim Değişikliği
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Liderlik

The European Union’s Leadership in Climate Change and Sustainable Development Policies: From Rhetoric to Practice

Abstract

This study critically examines the European Union’s leadership capacity in climate change and sustainable development policies within the framework of coherence between rhetoric and practice. Although sustainable development and climate change are fundamentally integrated policy domains, they evolved along separate axes from the 1970s to the European Green Deal; a divergence that has limited the Union’s leadership capacity and diminished policy effectiveness. The integration process has been observed to strengthen this capacity. This study addresses a critical gap in European Union governance literature by systematically analyzing how the Union’s policy integration shapes leadership capacity across four constitutive dimensions: structural, cognitive, instrumental, and pioneering. This framework pioneers a comprehensive four-dimensional approach to analyzing European Union leadership capacity. The research employs qualitative document analysis of European Union legislation, official policy documents, strategy reports, and international negotiation texts. The findings indicate that the integration and institutionalization of policy domains have strengthened the European Union’s structural and cognitive leadership capacities, while also enhancing its bargaining power in instrumental leadership. However, divergences in the interests of member states limit the sustainability of the European Union’s pioneering leadership capacity.

Keywords

• European Union
• Climate Change
• Sustainable Development
• Leadership

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