Yeni Hükümetlerarası Yaklaşımla AB Göç ve İltica Politikasının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, yeni hükümetlerarasıcılık teorisi çerçevesinde, özellikle Maastricht sonrası Avrupa Birliği’nin göç ve iltica politikalarının oluşum sürecini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Teorinin temel iddiasına uygun olarak, AB’nin bu alandaki politika yapımı, yetki devri yerine üye devletler arasında uzlaşmayı önceliklendiren sınırlı yetkilere sahip yeni kurumlar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çalışma, Komisyon’un üye devletlerin egemenlik taleplerini ve Avrupa Parlamentosu’nda yükselen sağcı ve AB karşıtı duyguları örtük bir şekilde kabul ettiğini ve böylece geleneksel uluslarüstü liderlik rolünü arka plana ittiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Göç ve iltica politikalarının yüksek siyasi duyarlılığı, bu politikaların bir güvenlik paradigması içinde çerçevelenmesine yol açmakta ve bu da uluslarüstü yetki devrine karşı kurumsal direnç yaratmaktadır. Niteliksel belge analizi kullanılarak yürütülen çalışma, AB kurumlarının göç politikasındaki konumunu sistematik olarak incelemekte ve bu politika alanının yeni hükümetlerarasıcılık ile tutarlı bir şekilde yapılandırıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, göç ve iltica alanında AB entegrasyonunun farklılaşmış entegrasyonu destekleyecek şekilde ilerlediğini ortaya koymakta ve entegrasyonun yeni hükümetlerarasıcılık çerçevesinde anlaşılabileceğini savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Göç ve İltica Politikası
• AB Kurumsal Yapısı
• Farklılaşmış Entegrasyon
• Yeni Hükümetlerarasıcılık.

Assessment of the EU Migration and Asylum Policy with a New Intergovernmental Approach

Abstract

This study aims to explain the formation process of the European Union’s migration and asylum policies, particularly after Maastricht, within the framework of the new intergovernmentalism theory. In line with the theory’s basic claim, the EU’s policy-making in this area is carried out through de novo institutions with limited powers, which prioritize consensus among member states rather than the transfer of powers. The study reveals that the Commission has implicitly accommodated the sovereignty claims of member states and the rising right-wing and EU-skeptical sentiment in the European Parliament, thereby relegating its traditional supranational leadership role to the background. The high political sensitivity of migration and asylum policies leads to their framing within a security paradigm, which in turn creates institutional resistance to supranational transfer of powers. Conducted using qualitative document analysis, the study systematically examines the position of EU institutions in migration policy and demonstrates that this policy area is structured in a manner consistent with new intergovernmentalism. The findings reveal that EU integration in the field of migration and asylum has progressed in a manner that supports differentiated integration and argue that integration can be understood within the framework of new intergovernmentalism.

Keywords

• European Union
• Migration and Asylum Policy
• EU Institutional Structure
• Differentiated Integration
• New Intergovernmentalism.

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