Abstract

The introduction of Europeanisation process within European Union political system in a real manner can be dated back initially to the Single European Act and then to the Maastricht Treaty. The new period also signifies the rise of multi-layered governance system in line with Europeanisation. The growing importance of Europeanisation process also entails to the development of EU Environmental Policy. The Subsidiarity principle was born in EU political process as a result of the implementation concerns about EU Environmental policy. As a consequence, the complex relationship has begun among Europeanisation process, EU Environmental policy and subsidiarity principle. In the beginning of Europeanisation, subsidiarity principle wanted to be defined as attribution to more authority to supreme authority of EU and devolution of more power to local governments; however the unexpected result of Europeanisation has made local governments difficult to participate in EU Environmental Policy. So Europeanisation undertakes subsidiarity principle with a new role for EU Environmental policy in contrast to a previous one.

Keywords

• European Union Environmental Policy
• Europeanisation Process
• Subsidiarity Principle
• Multi-Layered Governance Model

Avrupalılaşma Sürecinde AB Çevre Politikası ve Yerindenlik İlkesi

Öz

Avrupalılaşma sürecinin AB siyasal sistemi ile gerçek anlamda tanışmasını önce Avrupa Tek Senedi ve daha sonra Maastricht Antlaşması’nın imzalanması ile tarihlendirebiliriz. Aynı dönem içinde çok katmanlı yönetişim modeli de, Avrupalılaşma süreci ile birlikte yükselişe geçmiştir. Avrupalılaşma sürecinin bu şekilde önem kazanması AB Çevre Politikasının gelişimine de hizmet etmiştir. Yerindenlik ilkesi de AB siyasal sürecinde esasen AB Çevre Politikasının daha etkin bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi amacından doğmuştur. Bunun sonucunda da Avrupalılaşma süreci, AB Çevre Politikası ve Yerindenlik İlkesi arasında karmaşık bir ilişki başlamıştır. Avrupalılaşma sürecinin başında, yerindenlik ilkesi AB Çevre Politikasının etkinliği için AB üst yapısı ve yerel hükümetlere daha fazla otorite sağlanması gerektiği şeklinde tanımlanmak istenirken, Avrupalılaşma sürecinin çevre politikası üzerine önceden öngörülemeyen etkisi sonucunda, özellikle yerel hükümetlerin AB Çevre Politikasına katılımları zorlaşmış ve Avrupalılaşma süreci, yerindenlik ilkesine, AB Çevre Politikası için başlangıçta öngördüğünün tersi bir rol yüklemiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği Çevre Politikası
• Avrupalılaşma Süreci
• Yerindelik ilkesi

References

1. Elizabeth BOMBERG, John PETERSON, “Policy Transfer and Europeanization: Passing the Heineken Test?”, Queen’s Papers on Europeanisation, no:2/2000, 2000, (http://qub.ac.uk/ies/onlinepapers)
2. Tanja BÖRZEL, “Why There is No Southern Problem. On Environmental Leaders and Laggards in the European Union”, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.7, no 1, March 2000, p. 141-162
3. Simon BULMER, Martin BURCH, “Coming to Terms with Europe: Europeanisation, Whitehall and the Challenge of Devolution” Queen’s Papers on Europeanisation, no 9/2000, p.1-27, 2000, (http://qub.ac.uk/ies/onlinepapers).
4. Simon BULMER, Claudio RADAELLİ, “The Europeanisation of National Policy?” Queen’s (http://qub.ac.uk/ies/onlinepapers).
5. Europeanisation, no 1/2004, p.1-22, 2004
6. Peter BURSENS, “Environmental Interest Representation in Belgium and the EU: Professionalisation and Division of Labour within a Multi-Level Governance Setting”, Environmental Politics, vol.6, no.4, p.51-75, 1997
7. Michael FRANKLIN, John WILKE Britain’s Future in Europe, London, Pinter Publishers, 1990
8. Stephen GEORGE, “The Europeanisation of UK Politics and Policy-Making: the Effect of European Integration on the UK” Queen’s Papers on Europeanisation, no 8/2001, p.1-8, 2001, (http://qub.ac.uk/ies/onlinepapers).

9. Jonathan GOLUB, “British Sovereignity and the Development of EC Environmental Policy”, Environmantal Politics, vol. 5, no 4, Winter 1996, p.700-728, 1996
10. Markus HAVERLAND, “National Adaptation to European Integration: The Importance of Institutional Veto Points” Journal Of Public Policy, vol. 20, no 1, p.83-103, 2000
11. Tim JEPPESEN, “EU Environmental Policy in the 1990s: Allowing Greater National Leeway?” European Environment, vol. 10, p.96-105, 2000
12. Andrew JORDAN, Tim JEPPESEN, “EU Environmental Policy: Adapting to the Principle of Subsidiarity?” European Environment, vol.10, p. 64-74, 2000
13. Andrew JORDAN, “National Environmental Ministries: Managers or Ciphers of European Union Environmental Policy? Public Administration, vol.79, no 3, 2001, p.643-663, 2001
14. Christoph KNILL, “European Policies: The Impact of National Administrative Traditions”. Journal of Public Policy, vol. 18, no.1, p.1-28, 1998
15. Christoph KNILL, “The National Impact of European Union Regulatory Policy: Three Europeanization Mechanisms”, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 41, p. 255-280, 2002
16. Duncan LIEFFERINK, Andrew JORDAN “An ‘Ever Closer Union’ of National Policy? The Convergence of National Environmental Policy in the EU”, Queen’s Papers on (http://qub.ac.uk/ies/onlinepapers). no 10/2002, p.1-15, 2002
17. Duncan LIEFFERINK, Andrew JORDAN, “The Europeanisation of National Environmental Policy: A Comparative Analysis”. GAP Working Paper Series, no 2002/14, p.1-18, 2002
18. Gary MARKS, “European Integration from the 1980s: state centric v. Multilevel Governance,” Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 34, no 3, 1996, Alıntı yapan Clive ARCHER, The European Union: Structure and Process, London, Continuum, p.33, 2000
19. John McCORMICK, The European Union: Politics and Policies, Oxford, Westview Press, 1996. McCORMICK, John, “Environmental Policy”, (193-210) Derleyen Laura CROM, Desmond, 1996
20. Neill NUGENT DINAN, Developments in the European Union, New York, St. Martin’s Pres, 1999
21. Ayşegül MENGİ, Nesrin ALGAN, Küreselleşme ve Yerelleşme Çağında Bölgesel Sürdürülebilir Gelişme: AB ve Türkiye Örneği, Ankara, Siyasal Kitabevi, 2003
22. Vaughne MILLER, “The Danish Referendum on Economic and Monetary Union”, House of Commons, International Affairs and Defence Section, Research Paper, 00/78, 29 Eylül 2000, p.1-24, 2000
23. John PETERSON, Elizabeth BOMBERG, Decision-Making in the European Union, London, Macmillan, 1999
24. David SHAW, Vincent NADIN, Kim SEATON, “The Application of Subsidiarity in the Making of European Environmental Law” European Environment, vol.10, p.85- 95, 2000
25. Han SOMSEN, “Dynamics, Process and Instruments of Environmental Decision- Making in the European Union”, Derleyen Tim JEWELL ve Jenny STEELE, Law in Environmental Decision-Making: National, European and International Perspectives, p.161-205, Oxford, Clarendon Pres, 1998
26. Wolfgang STREECK, “Neo-Voluntarism: A New European Social Policy Regime” Governance in the European Union, Derleyen Gary MARKS ve Philippe SCHMITTER, London, Sage Publications, 1996
27. Stephen WARD, Philip LOWE, “National Environmental Groups and Europeanisation: A Survey of the British Environmental Lobby”, Environmental Politics, vol. 7, no 4, p.155-165, 1998