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First Steps Towards A Common Foreign Policy for Europe: 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the European Union

Year 2014, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 75 - 90, 01.05.2014
https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000201

Abstract

Building a common foreign policy is a leading aspect in European unification. Since the early years of the Cold War, there were several attempts in order to put the process into progress. Following the failed initiatives in 1950's and 1960's, a serious development was achieved with the 1970's. Thanks to the French leadership along with the British membership process to the EU, the success was built on the founding stones of the Détente Era. Here, the Arab-Israeli War in 1973 marked a threshold, as the incident opened the path for initial steps in the building of a common approach under the EU umbrella. The severity of the crisis from an economic and strategic perspective not only harmonized the foreign policies of the nine members of the organization, but also marked the accelarating elements that constitute the EU's political power via the foreign policies of the British and the French in connection with the historical ties of those two states to the Middle East. Thus, this study aims at both dealing with the historical foundations of building a common approach on foreign affairs within the EU context and handling the subject on a case-specific basis by bringing the 1973 Arab-Israeli War in its focus

References

  • AOUN, Elena, “European Foreign Policy and the Arab-Israeli Dispute: Much Ado About Nothing?,” European Foreign Affairs Review, Cilt 8 (2003), s. 289- 312.
  • ARMAOĞLU, Fahir, Filistin Meselesi ve Arap-İsrail Savaşları, 1948-1988, Ankara, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1994.
  • CALABRESE, John, “The United States, Great Britain, and the Middle East: How Special the Relationship?,” Mediterranean Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Summer 2001), s. 57-84.
  • DEVEREUX, David R., “Britain, the Commonwealth and the Defence of the Middle East 1948-56,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 24, No. 2 (april 1989), s. 327-345.
  • DINAN, Desmond (der.), Avrupa Birliği Ansiklopedisi, Cilt I, çev. Hale Akay, İstanbul, Kitap Yayınevi, 2005.
  • DINAN, Desmond, Avrupa Birliği Tarihi, çev. Hale Akay, İstanbul, Kitap Yayınevi, 2013.
  • Document on the European Identity Published by the Nine Foreign Ministers on 14 December 1973, in Kopenhagen
  • http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1999/1/1/02798dc9-9c69-4b7d-b2c9- f03a8db7da32/publishable_en.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi 15/06/2014.
  • FRANKEL, Joseph, “Britain’s Changing Role,” International Affairs, Vol. 50, No. 4 (October 1974), s.574-583.
  • GEORGE, Stephen, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999.
  • GEORGE, Stephen, Britain and European Integration since 1945, Oxford, Blackwell, 1991.
  • GLUBB, John Bagot, Britain and the Arabs, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1959.
  • GREENWOOD, Sean, Britain and European Cooperation since 1945, Oxford, Blackwell, 1992.
  • HILL, Christopher ve Karen E. SMITH (der.), European Foreign Policy, Key Documents, London, Routledge, 2000.
  • HÖRBER, Thomas The Foundations of Europe: European Integration Ideas in France, Germany and Britain in the 1950s, Weisbaden, VS Verlag, 2006.
  • JAWAAD, Haifaa A., Euro-Arab Relations, Reading, Ithaca Press, 1992.
  • KIRK, George, The Middle East 1945-1950, London, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oxford University Press, 1954.
  • KROTZ, Ulrich ve Joachim SCHILD, Shaping Europe: France, Germany, and Embedded Bilateralism from the Elysée Treaty to Twenty-First Century, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • MELISSEN, Jan ve Bert ZEEMAN, “Britain and Western Europe, 1945-1951: Opportunities Lost?,” International Affairs, Vol. 63, No. 1 (Winter 1986- 1987), s. 81-95.
  • MOCKLI, Daniel, European Foreign Policy during the Cold War: Heath, Brandt, Pompiduo and the Short Dream of Political Unity, London-New York, IB Tauris, 2009.
  • Report by the Foreign Ministers of the Member States on the Problems of Political Unification, http://www.cvce.eu/obj/davignon_report_luxembourg_27_october_1970-en- 4176efc3-c734-41e5-bb90-d34c4d17bbb5.html, Son Erişim Tarihi 15/06/2014.
  • SANDERS, David, Losing and Empire, Finding a Role: British Foreign Policy since 1945, London, MacMillan, 1990.
  • Treaty of Rome, http://ec.europa.eu/archives/emu_history/documents/treaties/ rometreaty2.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi 15/06/2014.
  • YOUNG, John Y., Britain and European Unity, 1945-1992, London, MacMillan, 1993.
  • YOUNGER, Kenneth, “Britain in Europe: The Impact on Foreign Policy,” International Affairs, Vol. 48, No. 4 (October 1972), s. 579-592.

Avrupa için Ortak Dış Politika Oluşturma Sürecindeki İlk Adımlar: 1973 Arap-İsrail Savaşı ve Avrupa Birliği

Year 2014, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 75 - 90, 01.05.2014
https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000201

Abstract

Avrupa bütünleşmesinin başlıca temalarından bir tanesi de ortak dış politika oluşturulması ihtiyacıdır. Soğuk Savaş’ın erken dönemlerinden itibaren çeşitli tarihlerde konuyla ilgili bazı girişimler yapılmıştır. 1950’ler ve 1960’lardaki başarısız girişimlerin ardından 1970’lerin başından itibaren bu konuda mesafe alınmaya başlamıştır. Yumuşama döneminin yarattığı imkânlar çerçevesinde Fransa önderliğinde gündeme getirilen bu süreç, İngiltere’nin örgüte üye olmasıyla hız kazanmıştır. Konuyla ilgili olarak örgütün ilk somut başarısı ise 1973’teki Arapİsrail Savaşı sırasında ortaya konulan ortak tutum olmuştur. Söz konusu olayın neden olduğu krizin ekonomik ve stratejik açılardan arz ettiği ciddiyet, AB’nin o dönemdeki dokuz üyesinin de bir araya gelmesini sağlamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Orta Doğu ile tarihsel bağları nedeniyle İngiltere ve Fransa’nın yürüttüğü dış politika ve bu iki devletin Avrupa’daki siyasi gücü söz konusu ortak tutumun benimsenmesinde etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışma hem söz konusu süreci analiz etmek hem de AB’nin ortak bir dış politika oluşturma sürecinin tarihsel dayanaklarını 1973 Arap-İsrail Savaşı örnek olayı ekseninde irdelemek amacındadır

References

  • AOUN, Elena, “European Foreign Policy and the Arab-Israeli Dispute: Much Ado About Nothing?,” European Foreign Affairs Review, Cilt 8 (2003), s. 289- 312.
  • ARMAOĞLU, Fahir, Filistin Meselesi ve Arap-İsrail Savaşları, 1948-1988, Ankara, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1994.
  • CALABRESE, John, “The United States, Great Britain, and the Middle East: How Special the Relationship?,” Mediterranean Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Summer 2001), s. 57-84.
  • DEVEREUX, David R., “Britain, the Commonwealth and the Defence of the Middle East 1948-56,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 24, No. 2 (april 1989), s. 327-345.
  • DINAN, Desmond (der.), Avrupa Birliği Ansiklopedisi, Cilt I, çev. Hale Akay, İstanbul, Kitap Yayınevi, 2005.
  • DINAN, Desmond, Avrupa Birliği Tarihi, çev. Hale Akay, İstanbul, Kitap Yayınevi, 2013.
  • Document on the European Identity Published by the Nine Foreign Ministers on 14 December 1973, in Kopenhagen
  • http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1999/1/1/02798dc9-9c69-4b7d-b2c9- f03a8db7da32/publishable_en.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi 15/06/2014.
  • FRANKEL, Joseph, “Britain’s Changing Role,” International Affairs, Vol. 50, No. 4 (October 1974), s.574-583.
  • GEORGE, Stephen, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999.
  • GEORGE, Stephen, Britain and European Integration since 1945, Oxford, Blackwell, 1991.
  • GLUBB, John Bagot, Britain and the Arabs, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1959.
  • GREENWOOD, Sean, Britain and European Cooperation since 1945, Oxford, Blackwell, 1992.
  • HILL, Christopher ve Karen E. SMITH (der.), European Foreign Policy, Key Documents, London, Routledge, 2000.
  • HÖRBER, Thomas The Foundations of Europe: European Integration Ideas in France, Germany and Britain in the 1950s, Weisbaden, VS Verlag, 2006.
  • JAWAAD, Haifaa A., Euro-Arab Relations, Reading, Ithaca Press, 1992.
  • KIRK, George, The Middle East 1945-1950, London, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oxford University Press, 1954.
  • KROTZ, Ulrich ve Joachim SCHILD, Shaping Europe: France, Germany, and Embedded Bilateralism from the Elysée Treaty to Twenty-First Century, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • MELISSEN, Jan ve Bert ZEEMAN, “Britain and Western Europe, 1945-1951: Opportunities Lost?,” International Affairs, Vol. 63, No. 1 (Winter 1986- 1987), s. 81-95.
  • MOCKLI, Daniel, European Foreign Policy during the Cold War: Heath, Brandt, Pompiduo and the Short Dream of Political Unity, London-New York, IB Tauris, 2009.
  • Report by the Foreign Ministers of the Member States on the Problems of Political Unification, http://www.cvce.eu/obj/davignon_report_luxembourg_27_october_1970-en- 4176efc3-c734-41e5-bb90-d34c4d17bbb5.html, Son Erişim Tarihi 15/06/2014.
  • SANDERS, David, Losing and Empire, Finding a Role: British Foreign Policy since 1945, London, MacMillan, 1990.
  • Treaty of Rome, http://ec.europa.eu/archives/emu_history/documents/treaties/ rometreaty2.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi 15/06/2014.
  • YOUNG, John Y., Britain and European Unity, 1945-1992, London, MacMillan, 1993.
  • YOUNGER, Kenneth, “Britain in Europe: The Impact on Foreign Policy,” International Affairs, Vol. 48, No. 4 (October 1972), s. 579-592.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ersin Embel This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2014
Submission Date January 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Embel, Ersin. “Avrupa için Ortak Dış Politika Oluşturma Sürecindeki İlk Adımlar: 1973 Arap-İsrail Savaşı Ve Avrupa Birliği”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 13, no. 1 (May 2014): 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000201.