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ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA “ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ”

Year 2023, , 73 - 98, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1380913

Abstract

6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler, başta Türkiye olmak üzere Suriye’de de binlerce insanın ölümüne ve bölgede büyük bir yıkıma neden olmuştur. Her yıl dünyanın her yerinde birçok insan, deprem ve diğer doğal afetlerden olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Örneğin, 2004 Hint Okyanusu tsunamisi, 2005 Katrina Kasırgası, 2010 Haiti depremi ve 2011 Japon depremi ve tsunamisi dahil olmak üzere büyük doğal afetler, dünyanın dikkatini, afetleri önleme ve müdahale etme konusunda yeterli ulusal ve uluslararası yasal çerçevelere sahip olmanın önemine odaklamıştır. Doğal afetlerle mücadele etme konusunda ulusal mevzuat, afet riskinin azaltılmasının teşvik edilmesinde ve desteklenmesinde olduğu kadar, afet müdahalesinin hız ve etkililiğinin sağlanmasında da çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak afetlerle mücadele konusunda, afetlerin etkileri nedeniyle ulusal mevzuat yeterli kalamayıp, uluslararası bazı düzenlemelere de ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda uluslararası sistemde, uluslararası afet hukuku ilgili çalışmalar önem kazanmış olup, bu çalışmalar doğal tehlikelerin yanı sıra büyük ölçekli kazalar ve insan kaynaklı felaketlere hazırlık, müdahale ve iyileştirmeden kaynaklanan yasal konulara da odaklanmaktadır. Uluslararası afet hukuku çalışmaları ile ilgili olarak Uluslararası Kızılay – Kızılhaç Teşkilatları Federasyonu (IFRC) tarafından başlatılan, “Uluslararası Afet Hukuku Projesi (International disaster response law (IDRL)) ile evrensel hukuk kuralları belirlemeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Uluslararası afet hukukunun önemi ve Uluslararası Afet Hukuku Projesi ile projenin ötesinde afetler ile ilgili olarak “koruma sorumluluğu” konuları irdelenecektir.

References

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  • Barber, Rebecca. “The responsibility to protect the survivors of natural disaster: Cyclone Nargis, a Case Study.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 14, (2009): 3-34.
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  • Fisher, David. “Domestic Regulation of International Humanitarian Relief in Disasters and Armed Conflict: A Comparative Analysis.” International Review of The Red Cross 89, no. 866, (2007): 345-372.
  • Fisher, David, “The Law of International Disaster Response: Overview and Ramifications for Military Actors.” International Law Studies 83, (2007): 300 – 303.
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  • Saechao, Tyra Ruth. “Natural Disasters and the Responsibility to Protect: From Chaos to Clarity.” Brooklyn Journal of International Law 32, no. 2, (2007): 671 – 672.
  • Schwendimann, Felix. “The Legal Framework of Humanitarian Access in Armed Conflict.” International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 884 (2011): 99.
  • Telli, Azime. “İnsani Müdahaleden Koruma Sorumluluğuna Geçiş: Eski Sorun, Yeni Kavram.” NEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1, (2012).
  • Thomsen, Matias. “The Obligation Not to Arbitrarily Refuse International Disaster Relief: A Question of Sovereignty.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 16, (2015).
  • Vordzorgbe Seth Doe. United Nations International Strategy For Disaster Reduction, Nairobi: United Nations/ISDR, December 2006.
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  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Model Act For The Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (With Commentary), (United Nations, March 2013).
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, An Introductıon to IFRC Disaster Law, (2022).
  • Introduction to the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, September 2017).
  • Resolution 925 (1994) Adopted by the Security Council at its 3388th meeting, on 8 June 1994, https://documents-dds ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N94/244/54/PDF/N9424454.pdf?OpenElement.
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  • The Corfu Channel Case, (U.K. v. Alb.), 1949 I.C.J. 4 (April 9).
  • The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), “Disaster”, Erişim 28 Temmuz 2023, https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster
  • Türkiye deprem bölgesi için 4. seviye yardım alarmı verdi: 4. seviye alarm nedir?, erişim 17 Haziran 2023, https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/turkiye-deprem-bolgesi-icin-4-seviye-yardim-alarmi-verdi-4-seviye-alarm nedir,ay2ZmxzxFUa3ObhMOPv8qA/zzIW61eu40KDtS5iXMO4Mw.
  • UN, Strengthening The Capacity of the United Nations System to Respond to Natural Disasters and Other Disaster Situations, (1984), UN. General Assembly (36th sess. : 1981-1982)
  • What is a disaster?, Erişim 28 Temmuz 2023, https://www.ifrc.org/our-work/disasters-climate-and-crises/what-disaster
Year 2023, , 73 - 98, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1380913

Abstract

References

  • Arbour, Louise. “The Responsibility to Protect as a Duty of Care in International Law and Practice.” Review of International Studies, 34, (2008): 445-458.
  • Barber, Rebecca. “The responsibility to protect the survivors of natural disaster: Cyclone Nargis, a Case Study.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 14, (2009): 3-34.
  • Cameron, Elvira. “Natural Disasters and International Law.” 20 Haziran 2023, https://peacepalacelibrary.nl/blog/2017/natural-disasters-and-international-law.
  • Değer, Ozan. “Soykırım Suçu ve Devletin Sorumluluğu: Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın Bosna-Hersek v. Sırbistan-Karadağ Kararı.” Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 6, no. 22 (2009): 61-95.
  • Eburn, Michael. “International Law and Disaster Response.” Monash University Law Review, 36, (2010): 162-189.
  • Evans, Gareth. “From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect.” Wisconsin International Law Journal, 24, (2006): 703-722.
  • Fisher, David. “Domestic Regulation of International Humanitarian Relief in Disasters and Armed Conflict: A Comparative Analysis.” International Review of The Red Cross 89, no. 866, (2007): 345-372.
  • Fisher, David, “The Law of International Disaster Response: Overview and Ramifications for Military Actors.” International Law Studies 83, (2007): 300 – 303.
  • Haider, Huma. International Legal Frameworks for Humanitarian Action: Topic Guide. Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press, https://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ILFHA.pdf.
  • Harper, Erica. International Law and Standards Applicable in Natural Disaster Situations. Published by: International Development Law Organization, 2009, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=82a62c367abcf74179343a4a66f739388c6634ba.
  • Heath, J. Benton. “Disasters, Relief and Neglect: The Duty to Accept Humanitarian Assistance and the Work of the International Law Commission.” Journal of International Law and Politics 43 (2011): 419-477.
  • Saechao, Tyra Ruth. “Natural Disasters and the Responsibility to Protect: From Chaos to Clarity.” Brooklyn Journal of International Law 32, no. 2, (2007): 671 – 672.
  • Schwendimann, Felix. “The Legal Framework of Humanitarian Access in Armed Conflict.” International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 884 (2011): 99.
  • Telli, Azime. “İnsani Müdahaleden Koruma Sorumluluğuna Geçiş: Eski Sorun, Yeni Kavram.” NEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1, (2012).
  • Thomsen, Matias. “The Obligation Not to Arbitrarily Refuse International Disaster Relief: A Question of Sovereignty.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 16, (2015).
  • Vordzorgbe Seth Doe. United Nations International Strategy For Disaster Reduction, Nairobi: United Nations/ISDR, December 2006.
  • Disasters (Natural or Humanitarian), erişim 20 Haziran 2023, https://guide-humanitarian-law.org/content/article/3/disasters-natural-or-humanitarian/.
  • General Assembly Resolution 46/182 which led to the creation of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA), 19 December 1991.
  • International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles (IDRL) Programme Appeal (August 2011), file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/MAA0000411myr.pdf.
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) Project Report 2002-2003, (Geneva, 2003),
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Introduction to the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of İnternational Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, (Geneva, 2017),
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Model Act For The Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (With Commentary), (United Nations, March 2013).
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, An Introductıon to IFRC Disaster Law, (2022).
  • Introduction to the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, September 2017).
  • Resolution 925 (1994) Adopted by the Security Council at its 3388th meeting, on 8 June 1994, https://documents-dds ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N94/244/54/PDF/N9424454.pdf?OpenElement.
  • Resolution 929 (1994) Adopted by the Security Council at its 3392nd meeting, on 22 June 1994, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N94/260/27/PDF/N9426027.pdf?OpenElement. Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts 2001, https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdf.
  • The Corfu Channel Case, (U.K. v. Alb.), 1949 I.C.J. 4 (April 9).
  • The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), “Disaster”, Erişim 28 Temmuz 2023, https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster
  • Türkiye deprem bölgesi için 4. seviye yardım alarmı verdi: 4. seviye alarm nedir?, erişim 17 Haziran 2023, https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/turkiye-deprem-bolgesi-icin-4-seviye-yardim-alarmi-verdi-4-seviye-alarm nedir,ay2ZmxzxFUa3ObhMOPv8qA/zzIW61eu40KDtS5iXMO4Mw.
  • UN, Strengthening The Capacity of the United Nations System to Respond to Natural Disasters and Other Disaster Situations, (1984), UN. General Assembly (36th sess. : 1981-1982)
  • What is a disaster?, Erişim 28 Temmuz 2023, https://www.ifrc.org/our-work/disasters-climate-and-crises/what-disaster
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Erdi Şafak 0000-0003-4000-2468

Early Pub Date October 25, 2023
Publication Date October 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Şafak, E. (2023). ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA “ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 81(Özel Sayı), 73-98. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1380913
AMA Şafak E.ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA “ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ.” ABD. October 2023;81(Özel Sayı):73-98. doi:10.30915/abd.1380913
Chicago Şafak, Erdi. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA ‘ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ’”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi 81, no. Özel Sayı (October 2023): 73-98. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1380913.
EndNote Şafak E (October 1, 2023) ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA “ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi 81 Özel Sayı 73–98.
IEEE E. Şafak, “ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA ‘ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ’”, ABD, vol. 81, no. Özel Sayı, pp. 73–98, 2023, doi: 10.30915/abd.1380913.
ISNAD Şafak, Erdi. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA ‘ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ’”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi 81/Özel Sayı (October 2023), 73-98. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1380913.
JAMA Şafak E. ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA “ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ”. ABD. 2023;81:73–98.
MLA Şafak, Erdi. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA ‘ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ’”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, vol. 81, no. Özel Sayı, 2023, pp. 73-98, doi:10.30915/abd.1380913.
Vancouver Şafak E. ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA AFET DURUMUNDA UYGULANACAK HUKUK KURALLARI İLE İLGİLİ STANDARTLARI BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA “ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU PROJESİ”. ABD. 2023;81(Özel Sayı):73-98.

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