ULUSLARARASI ADALET DİVANI’NDA AD HOC HAKİMLİK VE AD HOC HAKİMLERİN TARAFSIZLIĞI

Year 2025, Volume: 83 Issue: 3, 239 - 302, 15.10.2025

Hasan Utku Şatıroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1609275

Abstract

Uluslararası Adalet Divanı (UAD) önündeki çekişmeli yargılamalarda - ve bazı durumlarda da danışma görüşünde - devletler, mahkeme heyetinde kendi uyruklarından bir hâkim bulunmaması hâlinde, ilgili davaya özgü olarak bir hâkim atayabilmektedir. Ad hoc hâkimlik olarak adlandırılan bu kurum, UAD Statüsü’nün 31. maddesinde düzenlenmiş olup Uluslararası Sürekli Adalet Divanı (USAD) Statüsü’nde de yer almaktadır.
UAD Statüsü’ne göre UAD hâkimleri bağımsız ve tarafsız olmak zorundadır. Bununla birlikte, tarafların hâkim atayabilmesi ve hâkimlerin tarafsızlığı ilkesi ilk bakışta bir çelişki içeriyormuş gibi görünmektedir. Bu makale, bahsi geçen çelişkinin gerçek bir sorun teşkil edip etmediğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Bu makalede, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’ndaki (UAD) ad hoc hâkimlik kurumu, UAD hâkimlerinin genel tarafsızlığı ve son olarak UAD’deki ad hoc hâkimlerin tarafsızlığı ele alınmaktadır. Söz konusu inceleme hem tarihsel bir perspektifle hem de UAD’nin mevcut uygulamaları göz önünde bulundurularak yapılmıştır.
Makalede, ad hoc hâkimlerin tarafsız olmadıkları, ancak uluslararası hukuk ve devletlerarası yargılamaların kendine özgü özellikleri dikkate alındığında bunun kabul edilebilir bir durum olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Keywords

Uluslararası Adalet Divanı , ad hoc hâkim , hakimlerin tarafsızlığı , hakimlerin bağımsızlığı , uluslararası hâkim

AD HOC JUDGES AT THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE IMPARTIALITY OF AD HOC JUDGES

Abstract

In contentious proceedings before the International Court of Justice - and in some instances, during advisory opinions - states may appoint a judge for the specific case if there is no judge of their nationality on the bench. This institution, known as ad hoc judge, is regulated under Article 31 of the ICJ Statute and was also included in the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice.
According to the ICJ Statute, ICJ judges must be independent and impartial. Nevertheless, the fact that parties can appoint a judge and the principle of judicial impartiality initially seem to be in conflict. This article aims to examine whether this apparent contradiction actually constitutes a problem.
In this article, the institution of ad hoc judges at the ICJ, the general impartiality of ICJ judges, and finally the impartiality of ad hoc judges at the ICJ are addressed. The study is conducted from both a historical perspective and by taking into account current ICJ practice.
The article concludes that ad hoc judges are not impartial. However, given the unique characteristics of international law and interstate judicial proceedings, this situation can be considered acceptable.

Keywords

International Court of Justice , ad hoc judge , judicial impartiality , judicial independence , international judge

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