Hukuk Uygulamasında Üretken Yapay Zekâ: Kullanımı ve Düzenlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 83 Issue: 3, 601 - 654, 15.10.2025

Inan Uluc

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1668618

Abstract

2023 yılında, New York Barosu’na kayıtlı iki avukatın mahkemeye sundukları dilekçelerde gerçekte verilmemiş mahkeme kararlarına atıfta bulunmaları nedeniyle başlatılan inceleme, bu dilekçelerin hazırlanmasında üretken yapay zekâdan faydalanıldığını ortaya çıkardı. Takip eden dönemde, benzer olayların Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (“ABD”) Teksas, Kolorado ve Kaliforniya eyaletlerinde ve Kanada’da yaşanması, ardından İngiltere ve Kolombiya’da görev yapan iki hâkimin yargılama süreçlerinde üretken yapay zekâdan faydalandıklarını beyan etmeleri, bu teknolojinin kullanımının getirdiği risklerin anlaşılmasından daha hızlı yayıldığı kanısını doğurdu. Bu kanıyı destekleyen bir veri, Hollandalı Wolters Kluwer şirketi tarafından paylaşıldı. Şirketin 2023 yılında yayımladığı “Future Ready Lawyer” anketine göre, ankete katılan 700 avukatın %73’ü, üretken yapay zekâyı 12 ay içerisinde profesyonel olarak kullanmayı planlıyor. Amerikalı LexisNexis şirketi tarafından 2024 yılında yayımlanan ve 266 üst düzey yönetici avukatın katılımıyla yapılan anket ise hukuk firmalarının ve şirketlerin hukuk departmanlarının üretken yapa zekâya yaptıkları yatırımı önümüzdeki 5 yılda %90 arttıracaklarını ortaya koydu. Bu verileri destekleyen başka anket sonuçlarının da yayımlanması, hukuk dünyasında ciddi bir kamplaşmayı da beraberinde getirdi. Bazı hukukçular, üretken yapay zekânın kullanımını hız ve verimliliği arttırdığı gerekçesi ile savunurken, bazıları bu teknolojinin kullanımına güvenilir, istikrarlı ve tarafsız sonuçlar vermediği gerekçesiyle karşı çıkmaktadır. Gelinen noktada, üretken yapay zekânın hukukta kullanımının kaçınılmaz olduğu ve bu tartışmaların akademik boyutun ötesine geçemeyeceği düşünülmektedir. Artık, yapay zekânın kullanılabilirliğinden daha önemli olan konu, hâkimler ve avukatlar tarafından nasıl kullanıldığı ve bu kullanımın nasıl düzenlenip kurallara bağlanacağıdır. Bu makale, bu sorulara yanıt ararken, üretken yapay zekânın avukatlar ve hâkimler tarafından nasıl kullanıldığını ve kullanılabileceğini, bu kullanımların düzenlenmesine ilişkin ABD, Kanada ve Avrupa Birliği’nde atılan adımları ve son olarak Türkiye’nin atabileceği adımları ele almaktadır.

Keywords

hukuk teknolojisi , üretken yapay zekâ , üretken yapay zekâ ve riskleri , hukukta üretken yapay zekâ kullanımı , üretken yapay zekâ kullanımının düzenlenmesi

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Legal Practice: Use and Regulation

Abstract

In 2023, it was uncovered that two New York attorneys had cited fictitious judgments in their filings, exposing their use of generative artificial intelligence (“GenAI”) in document preparation. Similar incidents soon emerged in Texas, Colorado, and California in the United States, and Canada. Additionally, two judges in England and Colombia admitted to using GenAI in their judicial processes, leading to concerns that the technology’s rapid adoption outpaces understanding of its risks. Corroborating this view, data from Wolters Kluwer’s 2023 “Future Ready Lawyer” survey revealed that 73% of 700 surveyed lawyers intend to integrate GenAI into their legal practices within the next 12 months. Another survey, conducted by LexisNexis in 2024 with 266 senior managing lawyers, indicated that law firms and corporate legal departments plan to increase their investment in GenAI by 90% over the next five years. The release of similar surveys has polarized the legal community over GenAI. While some legal professionals advocate for GenAI, citing its efficiency and effectiveness, others voice concerns over its reliability, consistency, and potential biases. At this stage, GenAI’s integration into legal practice appears inevitable, with ongoing debates likely confined to academic circles. The pressing issue now is not whether GenAI should be used but how it is employed by judges and lawyers and how this use will be addressed and governed. This article explores these questions, examining the current and potential uses of GenAI in legal practice, the regulatory steps taken in the U.S., Canada, and the European Union, and the possible steps Türkiye can take in response.

Keywords

legal technology , generative artificial intelligence , risks affiliated with generative artificial intelligence , use of generative artificial intelligence in legal practice , regulating the use of generative artificial intelligence.

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