Biyoaerosoller, hava yoluyla bulaşan patojenler, halk sağlığı, iç ortam havası

Year 2015, Issue: 37, 17 - 30, 01.01.2015

Ayla Ünver Alçay , Semiha Yalçın

Abstract

The air, one of the most important factors needed to sustain the lives of creatures, include a number of essential ingredients for breathing also, harmful foreign substances that may contain particles of different magnitude and microorganisms Indoor air has a huge impact on public health. Today people spend a large portion of their time in closed environments such as schools, homes, workplaces etc. Many research studies show the level of pollutants in the domestic environment, the external environment is higher than indoor spaces can cause serious health problems as a result of the necessary measures were not taken. There are also numerous airborne pathogens. For this reasons, schools, workplaces and homes are areas of great importance to determine the quality of indoor air. Furthermore, to determine the indoor air quality in critical areas such as dental clinics, in hospitals, food processing plants, pharmaceutical plants plays an important role in determining the possible risks and precautions to be taken Nowadays, the methods are used like measurement of the microbial load with test equipment as cfu / m3 (active air sampling), the counting of microorganisms falling on media plates (passive air sampling), measurement of chemical components of the microbial cells (ATP, enzyme) , direct microscopy, flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, all these methods are briefly described that including both advantages and disadvantages

Keywords

Bioaerosols, airborne pathogens, public health, indoor air, bioaerosols measurement methods

İç Ortam Havası Biyoaerosolleri ve Mikrobiyal Hava Kalitesi Ölçüm Metodları

Abstract

Canlıların hayatlarını sürdürebilmeleri için gereken en önemli faktörlerden biri olan hava, içerisinde, solunum için gerekli bir takım maddeleri barındırırken, aynı zamanda, sağlığa zararlı olabilecek değişik büyüklükte partiküller halinde yabancı maddeleri ve mikroorganizmaları da içerebilmektedir. İç ortam havasının halk sağlığı üzerinde etkisi büyüktür. Günümüzde insanlar zamanlarının büyük bir bölümünü ev, işyeri ve okul gibi kapalı ortamlarda geçirmektedir. Yapılan birçok araştırmada iç ortamdaki kirleticilerinin seviyesinin, dış ortama göre daha yüksek olduğu, kapalı mekânlarda gerekli tedbirlerin alınmamasının ciddi sağlık sorunlarına neden olabileceği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca hava yoluyla bulaşan çok sayıda patojen vardır. Bu nedenle okullar, işyerleri ve evler iç ortam hava kalitesinin belirlenmesi gereken çok önemli alanlardır. Ayrıca hastaneler, gıda işletmeleri, ilaç fabrikaları, dental klinikler gibi kritik alanlarda iç ortam hava kalitesini saptamak, muhtemel riskleri ve alınacak önlemleri belirlemede önemli rol oynar. Günümüzde test cihazları ile mikrobiyel yükün kob/m3 olarak ölçülmesi (aktif hava örnekleme), besiyeri plakları üzerine düşen mikroorganizmaların sayılması (pasif hava örnekleme), mikroorganizma hücrelerinin kimyasal bileşenlerini (ATP, enzim) ölçme, direk mikroskobi, flow sitometri ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) gibi bir çok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tüm bu yöntemler, avantaj ve dezavantajlarını içerecek şekilde kısaca açıklanmıştır

Keywords

Biyoaerosoller, hava yoluyla bulaşan patojenler, halk sağlığı, iç ortam havası

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