Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

FATA’NIN KP EYALETİ’NE BAĞLANMASI, BÖLGEDE UZUN SÜREDİR DEVAM EDEN TERÖR VE YOKSULLUK PROBLEMLERİNE ÇÖZÜM GETİRECEK Mİ?

Year 2019, Issue: 73, 47 - 62, 13.08.2019

Abstract

Pakistan, Güney Asya’nın ekonomik yönden gelişmekte olan ülkelerinden birisidir. Ancak Hindistan anakarasından ayrıldığı 1949 yılından itibaren sınırları içerisinde bir takım güvenlik sorunlarıyla mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu mücadelenin en yoğun yaşandığı bölge, yarı özerk statüye sahip Federal Olarak Yönetilen Kabile Alanları (FATA) olmuştur. FATA tarihi boyunca güvenlik ve yoksullukla mücadele etmek durumunda kalmıştır. Sarp coğrafyası ve savaşçı aşiretleri nedeniyle hiçbir güç burada tam anlamıyla kontrolü ele geçirememiştir. 1978 Sovyet-Afgan Savaşı ve 11 Eylül 2001 sonrası ABD’nin Afganistan’a müdahalesi sonrasında FATA birçok Taliban ve El Kaide militanının yuvası haline gelmiştir. Bu gelişmeler bölgedeki yaşam şartlarının daha da kötüleşmesine ve sosyal dokunun tamamen çökmesine yol açmıştır. Bu durum Pakistan için büyük bir güvenlik tehdidi oluşturmuştur. Pakistan Federal Hükümeti 1970’li yılların sonundan itibaren bölgeye yönelik bir dizi reform girişimlerinde bulunsa da herhangi bir başarı sağlayamamıştır. Pakistan ve ABD ordusunun bölgedeki terör unsurlarını hedef alan askeri operasyonlarında birçok sivil hayatını kaybetmiş, okul, hastane ve kamu binalarının çoğu kullanılamaz hale gelmiştir. Reform girişimleri ve askeri operasyonların başarısızlığı sonrasında Pakistan, 2 Mart 2017’de Federal Mecliste FATA’nın Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Eyaleti’ne bağlanmasını kararlaştırmıştır. Bu bağlanma kararı 24 Mayıs 2018’de yasalaştırarak yürürlüğe girmiştir. Ancak bu karar, FATA’lılara kendi kaderlerini tayin etme hakkı sunmadığı gerekçesiyle bazı muhalif partiler ve bir kısım FATA’lı tarafından protestolarla karşılanmıştır. Bu çalışma FATA’nın KP’ye bağlanma kararı sonrasında ortaya çıkabilecek olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır

References

  • Awan, N. (2013). Education in FATA. Pakistan Annual Research Journal, 49, 163-170.
  • Cheema, P. I. (2008). Challenges Facing a Counter-militant Campaign in Pakistan’s FATA. NBR Analysis, 19(3), 21-29.
  • Cheema, P. I. & Nuri, M. H. (Eds.). (2005). Tribal Areas of Pakistan: Challenges and Responses. Islamabad : Islamabad Policy Research Institute. Feyyaz, M. (2016). Religion, Ethnicity, Social Organizations and Terrorists’ Behavior–A Case of Taliban Movement in Pakistan. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 8(2), 111-134.
  • Hilali, A. Z. (2010). FATA: The Strategic Depth of Pakistan. Margalla Papers, 18-50.
  • Khan, Z. A. (2012). Military operations in FATA and PATA: Implications for Pakistan. Strategic Studies, 31(4), 129-146.
  • Khan, H. (2012). Counterinsurgency (COIN) Strategy and Protracted İnsurgency in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Tigah: A Journal of Peace and Development, 2(1), 102-123.
  • Khan, S. (2011). Fata’s Political Status. Strategic Insights, 10(2), 35-46.
  • Khan, A. (2011). FATA: Voice of the Unheard – Path-Dependency and Why History Matters, Riga: Lambert Academic Publishing
  • Khan, T. M. (2008). TheTribal Areas of Pakistan. Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore
  • Khattak, A. R. K. (2017). Reforms to The Federally Administered Area Of Pakistan (Fata)–An Unresolved Problem. Asian Affairs, 48(3), 529-542.
  • Koprowski, M. (2009). Defeating the FATA Insurgency. Yale Journal of International Affairs, 4(66), 66-86.
  • Latif, M. M. (2017). Demand for New Provinces in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2), 59-78.
  • Olaf, C. (1976). The Pathans. New York: Oxford University Press
  • Rabasa, A., Boraz, S. and Chalk, P. (2007). Ungoverned Territories: Understanding and Reducing Terrorism Risks. California: Rand Corporation
  • Rana, M. A., Sial, S., and Basit, A. (2017). Dynamics of Taliban Insurgency in FATA. Islamabad: Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
  • Ronald Shaw, I. G., and Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode, 44(4), 1490-1509. Teepu M. K. (2008). TheTribal Areas of Pakistan, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications
  • Ullah, S., Rehman, S. U., Idrees, M., Shouaib, M., and Fahad, M. (2017). Impact of FATA merger with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, 1(3), 203-211.
  • Yusufzai, R., Berti, B., Khan, M. A., Roul, A., and Fazlullah, M. (2009). A Who’s Who of the Insurgency in Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province: Part Two–FATA excluding North and South Waziristan. Terrorism Monitor, 7(4), 1-4.
  • Zulfqar, S. (2012). Politics of New Provinces in Pakistan: Prospects and Challenges. IPRI Journal, 12(2), 146-152.
  • İnternet Kaynakları Ali, Z. (30 August 2009). Fata reforms: Govt follows in footsteps of predecessors. Dawn, https://www.dawn.com/news/487577, 07.12.2018.
  • Anwar, M. (03 June 2018). Will New Deal for Pakistan’s FATA Ease Terrorism Threat?, Voice of America, https://www.voanews.com/a/experts-mull-impact-of-pakistan-tribal-regions mainstreaming/4422170.html, 07.12.2018.
  • Burki, S. J. (05 Jan 2010). Economics and Extremism, Dawn, http://www.dawn.com/wps/ wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/19-economics-and-extremism-hh-04, 04.01.2019.
  • Kapoor, S. (14 September 2018), Pakistan’s Battered Tribal Regions Set the Stage for New Prime Minister (75). Observer Research Foundation, https://www.orfonline.org/wpcontent/uploads /2018/09/ORFSpecial_Report75Pakistan-Imran-N.pdf,, 07.01.2019.
  • Khan, M. Z. (30 August 2017). Fata Population Grows by 57pc. Dawn, https://www.dawn. com/news /1354818, 04.01.2019.
  • Raza, S. I. (14 August 2009). Far-Reaching Fata Reforms Unveiled. Dawn, http://archives. dawn. com/archives/40897, 17.11.2018.
  • Sikander, S. (02 March 2017). Federal cabinet approves FATA’s merger with K-P, repeal of FCR. The Express Tribune, https://tribune.com.pk/story/1343825/federal-cabinet-approves-fata-reforms/, 02.03.2018.
  • Zahra-Malik, M. (06 February 2018). In Pakistan, Long-Suffering Pashtuns Find Their Voice. The New York Times, 11.11.2018.
  • Fata.gov.pk, (2019). “History of FATA”, http://fata.gov.pk, erişim tarihi, 07.01.2019.
  • Dawn.com, (2012). “Insight into FATA”, http://www.fatabhp.com/fata-Insight/fata.asp, erişim tarihi, 2019.01.17.
  • Researchgate.net, (2018). “Public Policy Framework for FATA”, http://frc.com.pk/articles/ public-policy-framework-for-fata/, erişim tarihi, 12.07.2018.
  • FATA Research Centre. org, (2018). “Security Situation in FATA: An Overview of prevailing Scenario”, http://frc.com.pk/articles/ security-situation-in-fata-an-overview-of-prevailing-scenario, erişim tarihi, 18.12.2018.
  • FATA Research Centre. org, “U.S. Policy in Afghanistan and Its Impact on FATA”, http://frc.com.pk/wpcon tent/uploads/2014/11/8.pdf., erişim tarihi, 21.11.2018.
  • Tribune. Com, (2014). “US Commander Commends Zarb-E-Azb for Disrupting Haqqani Network’s Ability to Target Afghanistan”, The Express Tribune, https://tribune.com.pk/story/ 786641/us-commander-commends-zarb-e-azb-for-disrupting-haqqani-networks-ability-to-target-afghanistan/, erişim tarihi, 18.12.2018.
  • FATA Environment Cell. com, http://environmentcellfata.pk/fata-gender-informatics-i/, erişim tarihi, 18.12.2018.
Year 2019, Issue: 73, 47 - 62, 13.08.2019

Abstract

References

  • Awan, N. (2013). Education in FATA. Pakistan Annual Research Journal, 49, 163-170.
  • Cheema, P. I. (2008). Challenges Facing a Counter-militant Campaign in Pakistan’s FATA. NBR Analysis, 19(3), 21-29.
  • Cheema, P. I. & Nuri, M. H. (Eds.). (2005). Tribal Areas of Pakistan: Challenges and Responses. Islamabad : Islamabad Policy Research Institute. Feyyaz, M. (2016). Religion, Ethnicity, Social Organizations and Terrorists’ Behavior–A Case of Taliban Movement in Pakistan. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 8(2), 111-134.
  • Hilali, A. Z. (2010). FATA: The Strategic Depth of Pakistan. Margalla Papers, 18-50.
  • Khan, Z. A. (2012). Military operations in FATA and PATA: Implications for Pakistan. Strategic Studies, 31(4), 129-146.
  • Khan, H. (2012). Counterinsurgency (COIN) Strategy and Protracted İnsurgency in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Tigah: A Journal of Peace and Development, 2(1), 102-123.
  • Khan, S. (2011). Fata’s Political Status. Strategic Insights, 10(2), 35-46.
  • Khan, A. (2011). FATA: Voice of the Unheard – Path-Dependency and Why History Matters, Riga: Lambert Academic Publishing
  • Khan, T. M. (2008). TheTribal Areas of Pakistan. Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore
  • Khattak, A. R. K. (2017). Reforms to The Federally Administered Area Of Pakistan (Fata)–An Unresolved Problem. Asian Affairs, 48(3), 529-542.
  • Koprowski, M. (2009). Defeating the FATA Insurgency. Yale Journal of International Affairs, 4(66), 66-86.
  • Latif, M. M. (2017). Demand for New Provinces in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2), 59-78.
  • Olaf, C. (1976). The Pathans. New York: Oxford University Press
  • Rabasa, A., Boraz, S. and Chalk, P. (2007). Ungoverned Territories: Understanding and Reducing Terrorism Risks. California: Rand Corporation
  • Rana, M. A., Sial, S., and Basit, A. (2017). Dynamics of Taliban Insurgency in FATA. Islamabad: Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
  • Ronald Shaw, I. G., and Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode, 44(4), 1490-1509. Teepu M. K. (2008). TheTribal Areas of Pakistan, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications
  • Ullah, S., Rehman, S. U., Idrees, M., Shouaib, M., and Fahad, M. (2017). Impact of FATA merger with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, 1(3), 203-211.
  • Yusufzai, R., Berti, B., Khan, M. A., Roul, A., and Fazlullah, M. (2009). A Who’s Who of the Insurgency in Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province: Part Two–FATA excluding North and South Waziristan. Terrorism Monitor, 7(4), 1-4.
  • Zulfqar, S. (2012). Politics of New Provinces in Pakistan: Prospects and Challenges. IPRI Journal, 12(2), 146-152.
  • İnternet Kaynakları Ali, Z. (30 August 2009). Fata reforms: Govt follows in footsteps of predecessors. Dawn, https://www.dawn.com/news/487577, 07.12.2018.
  • Anwar, M. (03 June 2018). Will New Deal for Pakistan’s FATA Ease Terrorism Threat?, Voice of America, https://www.voanews.com/a/experts-mull-impact-of-pakistan-tribal-regions mainstreaming/4422170.html, 07.12.2018.
  • Burki, S. J. (05 Jan 2010). Economics and Extremism, Dawn, http://www.dawn.com/wps/ wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/19-economics-and-extremism-hh-04, 04.01.2019.
  • Kapoor, S. (14 September 2018), Pakistan’s Battered Tribal Regions Set the Stage for New Prime Minister (75). Observer Research Foundation, https://www.orfonline.org/wpcontent/uploads /2018/09/ORFSpecial_Report75Pakistan-Imran-N.pdf,, 07.01.2019.
  • Khan, M. Z. (30 August 2017). Fata Population Grows by 57pc. Dawn, https://www.dawn. com/news /1354818, 04.01.2019.
  • Raza, S. I. (14 August 2009). Far-Reaching Fata Reforms Unveiled. Dawn, http://archives. dawn. com/archives/40897, 17.11.2018.
  • Sikander, S. (02 March 2017). Federal cabinet approves FATA’s merger with K-P, repeal of FCR. The Express Tribune, https://tribune.com.pk/story/1343825/federal-cabinet-approves-fata-reforms/, 02.03.2018.
  • Zahra-Malik, M. (06 February 2018). In Pakistan, Long-Suffering Pashtuns Find Their Voice. The New York Times, 11.11.2018.
  • Fata.gov.pk, (2019). “History of FATA”, http://fata.gov.pk, erişim tarihi, 07.01.2019.
  • Dawn.com, (2012). “Insight into FATA”, http://www.fatabhp.com/fata-Insight/fata.asp, erişim tarihi, 2019.01.17.
  • Researchgate.net, (2018). “Public Policy Framework for FATA”, http://frc.com.pk/articles/ public-policy-framework-for-fata/, erişim tarihi, 12.07.2018.
  • FATA Research Centre. org, (2018). “Security Situation in FATA: An Overview of prevailing Scenario”, http://frc.com.pk/articles/ security-situation-in-fata-an-overview-of-prevailing-scenario, erişim tarihi, 18.12.2018.
  • FATA Research Centre. org, “U.S. Policy in Afghanistan and Its Impact on FATA”, http://frc.com.pk/wpcon tent/uploads/2014/11/8.pdf., erişim tarihi, 21.11.2018.
  • Tribune. Com, (2014). “US Commander Commends Zarb-E-Azb for Disrupting Haqqani Network’s Ability to Target Afghanistan”, The Express Tribune, https://tribune.com.pk/story/ 786641/us-commander-commends-zarb-e-azb-for-disrupting-haqqani-networks-ability-to-target-afghanistan/, erişim tarihi, 18.12.2018.
  • FATA Environment Cell. com, http://environmentcellfata.pk/fata-gender-informatics-i/, erişim tarihi, 18.12.2018.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatih Kılıç This is me

Publication Date August 13, 2019
Submission Date May 10, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 73

Cite

APA Kılıç, F. (2019). FATA’NIN KP EYALETİ’NE BAĞLANMASI, BÖLGEDE UZUN SÜREDİR DEVAM EDEN TERÖR VE YOKSULLUK PROBLEMLERİNE ÇÖZÜM GETİRECEK Mİ?. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(73), 47-62.