Ideal Steganography Scenario: Calculation of Capacities of Carrier Images, OPA Method in Frequency-Based Steganography

Abstract

In this study, digital image steganography, a branch of steganography, and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform, frequency-based steganography methods that are a sub-branch of it, are mentioned. Methods such as MSE (Mean Squared Error), PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio) which are performance calculation parameters of steganographic methods are explained and the methods of calculating image capacity like KL-Divergence, JS-Divergence and QTS (Quard Tree Segmentation) for increasing the values of these parameters are mentioned. This study explains the OPAP (Optimum Pixel Adjustment Process) method, which allows the existing capacity in the pictures to be further increased, in detail and provides an ideal steganography scenario. Here, we made use of the ability of the DWT to extract low frequency and bands suitable for data hiding and the use of the LSB method by obtaining the feature coefficients of DCT in these bands.. In addition, this scenario has been tried and consequently reached the result that the images with higher data concealment capacity than QTS have higher PSNR values.

Keywords

• DCT,DWT,KL-Divergence,Jensen-Shannon Divergence,Information Technology Security,Data Security,Data Hiding,Frequency Based Steganography

İdeal Steganografi Senaryosu: Taşıyıcı Resimlerin Kapasitelerinin Hesaplanması, Frekans Tabanlı Steganografide OPA Yöntemi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, steganografi’nin bir dalı olan dijital resim steganografisinden ve onun bir alt dalı olan frekans tabanlı steganografi yöntemlerinden öne çıkan ikisi DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform - Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü) ve DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform - Kesikli Dalgacık Dönüşümü)’den bahsedilmiştir. Steganografik yöntemlerin performans hesaplama parametreleri olan MSE (Mean Squared Error, Ortalama Hata Kare), PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio - Doruk Sinyal Gürültü Oranı) gibi yöntemler açıklanmış ve bu parametrelerin değerlerinin arttırılması için resim kapasitesi hesaplama yöntemleri olan KL-Divergence, JS-Divergence ve QTS (Quard Tree Segmentation - Dörtlü Ağaç Segmentasyonu)’den bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak resimlerdeki var olan kapasitenin daha da arttırılmasını sağlayan OPAP (Optimum Pixel Adjustment Process) yönteminden bahsedilmiş ve geliştirlmiş olan ideal bir steganografi senaryosundan bahsedilmiştir. Burada, DWT’nin alçak frekanslı ve veri gizlemeye müsait bandları çıkarma özelliği ve bu bandlarda DCT’nin öznitelik katsayılarını elde ederek LSB (Least significant bit – En Öznemsiz Bit) yöntemini uygulamasından faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda ek olarak bu senaryonun denemesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuç olarak QTS’e göre daha yüksek veri gizleme kapasitesi olan resimlerin daha yüksek PSNR değerleri verdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• DCT,DWT,KL-Divergence,Jensen-Shannon Divergence,Information Technology Security,Data Security,Data Hiding,Frekans Tabanlı Steganografi

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