An Overview of Paradigm Shift Dynamics in Transportation: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Transportation Systems in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 71 - 87, 28.06.2024

Esma Dilek Özgür Talih Türksel Kaya Bensghir

https://doi.org/10.26650/acin.1389571

Abstract

Currently, technology-based methods are widely used in the solutions developed for smart cities and sustainable transportation. Owing to the rapid advances in technology, the traditional structure of transportation networks is undergoing a paradigm shift. Artificial Intelligence (AI), that has started to have disruptive effects in many sectors in the future, is expected to be one of the most influential factors in the paradigm shift in transportation. In this paper, the dynamics of the paradigmatic shift in transportation to promote sustainable transportation in Türkiye are evaluated through conducting a review of the existing literature. Scenarios exhibiting the use of disruptive and innovative technologies in transport systems, specifically, AI applications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), are examined. Additionally, the economic, environmental, and social impacts of AI applications are discussed by emphasizing the need to identify priority areas for the effective use of AI in the field of intelligent transport. Thus, this paper, by summarizing the use of AI-based technologies for intelligent transport in Türkiye, contributes to the literature by providing an overview of the existing knowledge.

Keywords

Paradigm shift in transportation, artificial intelligence, intelligent transportation systems, sustainable transportation, Türkiye

Ethical Statement

YOK

Supporting Institution

YOK

Thanks

YOK

References

• Abduljabbar, R., Dia, H., Liyanage, S., & Bagloee, S. A. (2019). Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Transport: An Overview. Sustainability, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010189 google scholar
• ASELSAN. (2022). Yapay Zekâ Teknolojileri. https://www.aselsan.com/tr/arge#temelTeknolojiler google scholar
• Asya Trafik. (2022). Focus Loop Trafik Kamerası. https://www.asyatrafik.com/focus-loop-trafik-kamerasi/ google scholar
• AUS TÜRKİYE. (2022). Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu (KMO) ve TÜBİTAK’tan Fiber Optik Tabanlı Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemi. Bülten, Vol. 7. Retrieved from https://austurkiye.org.tr/uploads/blog/file_8-07-numarali-bulten-474.pdf google scholar
• AUSPOSTASI. (2020). Sektörden haberler (Vol. 4). Vol. 4. AUS TÜRKİYE. Retrieved from https://www.austurkiye.org.tr/uploads/blog/file_5-04-numarali-bulten-952.pdf google scholar
• AVTED. (2023). Yerel Yönetimler Açık Veri Endeksi. Açık Veri ve Teknoloji Derneği (AVTED). Retrieved from www.acikveriendeksi.org google scholar
• Balasubramanian, Ramrath., Libarikian, Ari., & McElhaney, Doug. (2021, March 12). Insurance 2030—The impact of AI on the future of insurance. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/insurance-2030-the-impact-of-ai-on-the-future-of-insurance google scholar
• Başkaya, O., Ağaçsapan, B., & Çabuk, A. (2020). Akıllı Şehirler Kapsamında Yapay Zekâ Teknikleri Kullanarak Etkin Ulaşım Planlarının Oluşturulması Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi. GSI Journals Serie C: Advancements in Information Sciences and Technologies, 3(1), 1-21. google scholar
• Batura, O., Regeczi, D., Vassilev, A., Yagafarova, A., Bani, E., Bonneau, V., . . . DE STREEL, A. (2021). Artificial intelligence in road transport: annex to cost of non-Europe report. Retrieved fromhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/654212/EPRS_STU(2021)654212(ANN1)_EN.pdf google scholar
• Bitam, S., & Mellouk, A. (2012). ITS-cloud: Cloud computing for Intelligent transportation system. 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2054-2059. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2012.6503418 google scholar
• Bughin Jacques, Seong Jeongmin, Manyika James, Chui Michael, & Joshi Raoul. (2018, September 4). Notes from the AI frontier: Modeling the impact ofAI on the world economy. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from McKinsey Global Institute website: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/artificial-intelligence/notes-from-the-ai-frontier-modeling-the-impact-of-ai-on-the-world-economy google scholar
• Chase, N., Maples, J., & Schipper, M. (2018). Autonomous vehicles: Uncertainties and energy implications. 2018 EIA Energy Conference. google scholar
• Çevik, K. K. (2010). Yapay Zekâ Yöntemleri ile Araç Plaka Tanıma Sistemi (Master Thesis, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Retrieved from https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/463051/yokAcikBilim_381549.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y google scholar
• Delipetrev, B., Tsinaraki, C., & Kostic, U. (2020). Historical evolution of artificial intelligence. google scholar
• Demir, K. (2023). Akıllı ulaşım sistemleri ve yapay zekâ bağlamında ulaşım hikayelerinin oluşturulması için model önerisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi-Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. google scholar
• Derawi, M., Dalveren, Y., & Cheikh, F. A. (2020). Internet-of-things-based smart transportation systems for safer roads. 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 1-4. IEEE. google scholar
• Dilek, E., & Dener, M. (2023). Computer vision applications in intelligent transportation systems: a survey. Sensors, 23(6), 2938. google scholar
• Divit. (2023). Divit Plaka Tanıma Sistemleri. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from http://www.divit.com.tr/#anchorpts">http://www.divit.com.tr/#anchorpts website: http://www.divit.com.tr/#anchorpts google scholar
• Doğan, E. (2007). Regresyon Analizi ve Yapay Zekâ Yaklaşımı ile Türkiye ve Seçilen Bazı Büyük İller için Trafik Kaza Tahmin Modelleri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. google scholar
• Erdal, H. (2018). Yapay Zekâ Teknikleri ve Uzman Sistemlerin Karasal Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Denetiminde Kullanımı. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1(1), 32-39. google scholar
• ERTRAC. (2022). Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility Roadmap. Retrieved from www.ertrac.org google scholar
• European Bank. (2019). Disruptive technology and innovation in transport Policy paper on sustainable infrastructure. google scholar
• European Environment Agency. (2016, June 3). Front-running cities changing transport, improving quality of life. Retrieved June 13, 2023, from European Environment Agency website: https://www.eea.europa.eu/media/newsreleases/front-running-cities-changing-transport google scholar
• Ford Otosan. (2019). Platooning: Otonom Konvoy. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://blog.ford.com.tr/platooning-otonom-konvoy google scholar
• Gülsün, B., & Gonca, C. K. (2019). Adaptif Trafik Yönetim Sistemleri. OHS ACADEMY, 2(1), 32-40. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ohsacademy/issue/44841/516737 google scholar
• Hashem, I. A. T., Chang, V., Anuar, N. B., Adewole, K., Yaqoob, I., Gani, A., . . . Chiroma, H. (2016). The role of big data in smart city. International Journal of Information Management, 36(5), 748-758. https://doi.Org/10.1016/J.UINFOMGT.2016.05.002 google scholar
• HGM. (2022a, September 27). Bir Hizmet Olarak Hareketlilik Projesi Başlangıç Toplantısı Yapıldı. T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/haberler/bir-hizmet-olarak-hareketlilik-projesi-baslangic-toplantisi-yapildi google scholar
• HGM. (2022b, September 27). Projelerimiz. T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/projelerimiz google scholar
• Hou, Y., Shi, H., Chen, N., Liu, Z., Wei, H., & Han, Q. (2022). Vision image monitoring on transportation infrastructures: a lightweight transfer learning approach. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. google scholar
• Howarth, J. (2023, February 8). 57+ Amazing Artificial Intelligence Statistics (2023). Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://explodingtopics.com/blog/ai-statistics">https://explodingtopics.com/blog/ai-statistics website: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/ai-statistics google scholar
• INTETRA. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Digital Solution. https://intetra.com.tr/en/artificial-intelligence/ google scholar
• ISSD. (2022). Product Catalogs. https://www.issd.com.tr/en/36484/ google scholar
• Kadiroğulları, G., Aksoy, B., Sayın, H., & Melek, Ö. (2020). Arıma Yapay Zekâ Yöntemi Kullanılarak Isparta İlindeki Örnek Bir Kavşak İçin Araç Sayısı ve Araç Geçiş Sürelerinin Tespiti. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(5), 11-24. google scholar
• Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2012). Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Advances in neural information processing systems, 25. google scholar
• Koptelov, A. (2022). Smart Roads: How AI in Transportation Keeps Drivers Safe. Retrieved from https://towardsdatascience.com/smart-roads-how-ai-in-transportation-keeps-drivers-safe-98e4dfd4a7e8 google scholar
• Leo Drive. (2023). Uçtan uca otonom teknoloji oluşturma. https://www.leodrive.ai/ google scholar
• Li, F., Trappey, A. J. C., Lee, C. H., & Li, L. (2022). Immersive technology-enabled digital transformation in transportation fields: A literature overview. Expert Systems with Applications, 202, 117459. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESWA.2022.117459 google scholar
• Litman, T. (2013). Transportation and Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health, 34. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114502 google scholar
• Manyika James and Sneader Kevin. (2018, June 1). AI, automation, and the future of work: Ten things to solve for. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/ai-automation-and-the-future-of-work-ten-things-to-solve-for google scholar
• Markoff, J. (2013, May 20). M.I.T. Scholar’s 1949 Essay on Machine Age Is Found. Retrieved June 8, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/science/mit-scholars-1949-essay-on-machine-age-is-found.html google scholar
• Medina-Tapia, M., & Robuste, F. (2018). Exploring paradigm shift impacts in urban mobility: Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Cities. Trans-portation Research Procedia, 33, 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRPRO.2018.10.093 google scholar
• MIA Teknoloji. (2024). Çözümler. https://www.miateknoloji.com/cozumler/ google scholar
• MOSAŞ. (2024). Kameralı Akıllı Kavşak Yönetim Sistemi. https://www.mosas.com.tr/sinyalizasyon/cozumler/cyclops/kamera/ google scholar
• Narbay, Ş., & Kirazlı, Ş. N. (2023). Otonom Araçlarda Yapay Zekâ, Kişisel Verilerin İşlenmesi ve Sonuçları. Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 49-66. google scholar
• Neovision. (2021). Yeni Nesil Veri Toplama ve Analitiği. https://neovisiontr.com/ google scholar
• Nikitas, A., Michalakopoulou, K., Njoya, E. T., & Karampatzakis, D. (2020). Artificial Intelligence, Transport and the Smart City: Definitions and Dimensions of a New Mobility Era. Sustainability, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072789 google scholar
• Oladimeji, D., Gupta, K., Kose, N. A., Gundogan, K., Ge, L., & Liang, F. (2023). Smart Transportation: An Overview of Technologies and Applications. Sensors, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083880 google scholar
• Önder, H., & Akdemir, F. (2020). Kentsel Ulaşımın Dijital Boyutu: Ulaşım 4.0. Journal, 3(2), 202-215. google scholar
• Özmen, M. M., Eylence, M., Şenol, R., & Aksoy, B. (2022). Yapay Zekâ Yöntemleriyle Araç Altı Yabancı Madde Tespit Edilmesi ve Otomatik Geçiş Sistemi. El-Cezeri, 9(4), 1495-1505. google scholar
• Palandız, T., Bayrakçı, H. C., & Özkahraman, M. (2021). Yapay Zekâ Kullanılarak Trafik İşaret Levhalarının Sınıflandırılması: Denizli İl Merkezi İçin Örnek Bir Uygulama. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5(3), 645-653. google scholar
• Pan, G., & Alouini, M.-S. (2021). Flying Car Transportation System: Advances, Techniques, and Challenges. IEEE Access, 9, 24586-24603. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3056798 google scholar
• Pazar, Ş., Bulut, M., & Uysal, C. (2020). Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Araç Algılama Sistemi Geliştirilmesi. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research, 1(1), 31-37. google scholar
• Pendik Belediyesi. (2015, March 16). Bozuk yola ‘cep’ten uyarı. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://www.pendik.bel.tr/haber/detay/bozuk-yola-cepten-uyari">https://www.pendik.bel.tr/haber/detay/bozuk-yola-cepten-uyari website: https://www.pendik.bel.tr/haber/detay/bozuk-yola-cepten-uyari google scholar
• Pham, Q. (2018). Autonomous vehicles and their impact on road transportations. google scholar
• Rao, A., Verwej, G., & Cameron, E. (2020). Sizing the prize What’s the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise? Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf google scholar
• Rudskoy, A., Ilin, I., & Prokhorov, A. (2021). Digital Twins in the Intelligent Transport Systems. Transportation Research Procedia, 54, 927-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRPRO.2021.02.152 google scholar
• Sarı, F. (2021). Cahit Arf’in “Makine Düşünebilir mi ve Nasıl Düşünebilir?” Adlı Makalesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. TRT Akademi, 6(13), 812-833. google scholar
• Schneider, M., Kutila, M., & Hoess, A. (2021). Applications ofAI in Transportation Industry. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003337232-29 google scholar
• Schwarting, W., Alonso-Mora, J., & Rus, D. (2018). Planning and Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles. Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, 1(1), 187-210. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105157 google scholar
• Şafak, C. B. (2024). Araçlarda Sürücü Destek Amaçlı Yapay Zeka Yöntemlerinin Uygulanması (Elektrik ve Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Tezli Yüksek Lisans Programı, KTO Karatay Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü). KTO Karatay Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Konya. Retrieved from https://acikerisim.karatay.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12498/6098 google scholar
• Talih, Ö., & Tektaş, N. (2023). Bir Hizmet Olarak Hareketlilik-MaaS Perspektifi ve Türkiye Analizi. Journal, 7(2), 431-463. google scholar
• T.C. Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (2022). Şehirlerin Dijital İkizleri. Ankara. Retrieved from https://cbs.csb.gov.tr/sehirlerin-djital-ikizlerini-guncelliyoruz-haber-278818 google scholar
• T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Djital Dönüşüm Ofisi. (2020). Yeni Nesil Ulaşım Teknolojisi Hyperloop. Retrieved from https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/3.Aras%CC%A7t%C4%B1rma-Raporu-Yeni-Nesil-Ulas%CC%A7%C4%B1m-Teknolojisi-Hyperloop.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Djital Dönüşüm Ofisi. (2021). Ulusal Yapay Zeka Stratejisi 2021-2025. Retrieved from https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/TR-UlusalYZStratejisi2021-2025.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (2019). 2023 Sanayi ve Teknoloji Stratejisi. Ankara. Retrieved from https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/assets/pdf/SanayiStratejiBelgesi2023.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (2022). Mobilite Araç ve Teknolojileri Yol Haritası. Retrieved from https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/assets/pdf/plan-program/MobiliteAracveTeknolojileriYolHaritasi.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2021). Yeşil Mutabakat Eylem Planı. Retrieved from https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/60f1200013b876eb28421b23/MUTABAKAT %20YE%C5%9E%C4%B0L.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2020). Ulusal AUS Strateji Belgesi ve 2020-2023 Eylem Planı. Retrieved from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/akilli-ulasim-sistemler-aus/ulusal-akilli-ulasim-sistemleri-strateji-belgesi-ve-2020-2023-eylem-plani.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2022a). Enlerin, İlklerin ve Rekorların Projesi 1915 Çanakkale Köprüsü Yarın Açılıyor. Retrieved March 4, 2024, from https://www.uab.gov.tr/haberler/ulastirma-ve-altyapi-bakani-karaismailoglu-enlerin-ilklerin-ve-rekorlarin-projesi-1915-canakkale-koprusu-yarin-aciliyor google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2022b). T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı Stratejik Plan 2019-2023. Retrieved from https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/stratejik-yonetim/uab-stratejik-plani-guncellenmis-versiyon-16-09-2021.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2023a). Araç İçi Bilgi ve Haberleşme Sisteminin (ABHS) Mevcut Durum Analiz Raporu. Ankara. Retrieved from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr//uploads/pages/akilli-ulasim-sistemleri-aus/abhs-mevcut-durum-analizi-raporu.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2023b). Demiryollarında Yapay Zekâ Sistemi. Retrieved March 4, 2024, from https://www.uab.gov.tr/haberler/demiryollarinda-yapay-zeka-sistemi google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2023c). K-AUS Türkiye Mevcut Durum Analiz Raporu. Ankara. Retrieved from https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/akilli-ulasim-sistemleri-aus/k-aus-turkiye-mevcut-durum-analizi.pdf google scholar
• T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2023d). Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Şura Raporları. Retrieved from https://sgb.uab.gov.tr/suralar google scholar
• Tektaş, M., Akbaş, A., & Topuz, V. (2002). Yapay zekâ tekniklerinin trafik kontrolünde kullanılması üzerine bir inceleme. Uluslararası Trafik ve Yol Güvenliği Kongresi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara. google scholar
• Toğaç, M. G. (2023). Gaziantep province artificial intelligence basedintelligent transportation systems, adaptive signalizationcontrol and simulation (Yüksek Lisans). Gaziantep İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi-Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü. google scholar
• Toh, C. K., Sanguesa, J. A., Cano, J. C., & Martinez, F. J. (2020). Advances in smart roads for future smart cities. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 476(2233), 20190439. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0439 google scholar
• Torre-Bastida, A. I., Del Ser, J., Lana, I., Ilardia, M., Bilbao, M. N., &Campos-Cordobes, S. (2018). Big Data for transportation andmobility: recent advances, trends and challenges. IETIntelligent Transport Systems, 12(8), 742-755. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2018.5188 google scholar
• Transforming Transport. (2017). MOBILITY MEETS BIG DATA. Retrieved from https://transformingtransport.eu/sites/default/files/2017-07/TT_BROCHURE_WEB.pdf google scholar
• Ulaşım Yönetim Merkezi. (2022, December 27). Ulaşımda ‘Yapay Zekâ’ Dönemi. Retrieved March 5, 2024, from İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi website: https://uym.ibb.gov.tr/kurumsal/haberler-ve-duyurular/ula%C5%9F%C4%B1mda-yapay-zek%C3%A2-d%C3%B6nemi google scholar
• Ulu, M. (2023). Gaziantep ili yapay zekâ tabanlı akıllı ulaşım sistemleri ile adaptif sinyalizasyon kontrolü ve simülasyonu (Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü. google scholar
• Vega, E. D. La. (2023). Drones And the Future of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.futureelectronics.com/blog/article/drones-and-the-future-of-transportation/ google scholar
• Yuan, T., da Rocha Neto, W., Rothenberg, C. E., Obraczka, K., Barakat, C., & Turletti, T. (2022). Machine learning for next-generation intelligent transportation systems: A survey. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 33(4), e4427. google scholar