Year 2025,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 90 - 111, 30.06.2025
Merve Garip
,
Serhat Peker
References
-
Agrawal, G., Kumar, D., Singh, M., & Dani, D. (2019). Evaluating accessibilitY and usabilitY of airline websites. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1045, 392-402. Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9939-8_35 google scholar
-
Akgül, Y. (2021). AccessibilitY, usabilitY, qualitY performance, and readabilitY evaluation of universitY websites of TurkeY: a comparative study of state and private universities. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(1), 157-170. doi:10.1007/s10209-020-00715-w google scholar
-
Al-Sakran, H. O., & Alsudairi, M. A. (2021). Usability and Accessibility Assessment of Saudi Arabia Mobile E-Government Websites. IEEE Access, 9, 48254-48275. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3068917 google scholar
-
Ashbaugh, H., Johnstone, K. M., & Warfield, T. D. (1999). Corporate reporting on the internet. Accounting Horizons, 13(3), 241-257. doi:10.2308/acch.1999.13.3.241 google scholar
-
Başeğmez, H., & Özdemir, K. (2023). Website Performance Evaluation by Gray Relational Analysis: A Research on Companies in BIST Technology and Informatics Index. Acta Infologica, 0(0), 0-0. doi:10.26650/acin.1165100 google scholar
-
Brennan, N. M. and Merkl-Davies, D. M. (2018). Do firms effectively communicate with financial stakeholders? A conceptual model of corporate communication in a capital market context. Accounting and Business Research, 48(5), 553-577. doi:10.1080/00014788.2018.1470143 google scholar
-
Chatterjee, K., Gupta, D. and De, A. (2013). “A framework for development of secure software.” CSI Transactions on ICT, 1(2), 143-157. doi:10.1007/s40012-013-0010-8 google scholar
-
Conte, F., Coppola, C., Sardanelli, D., Vollero, A., & Siano, A. (2022). Accessibility and social inclusion: an empirical investigation on the adoption of the World Wide Web Consortium guidelines on corporate websites. google scholar
-
Csontos, B., & Heckl, I. (2021). Accessibility, usability, and security evaluation of Hungarian government websites. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(i), 139-156. doi:10.1007/s10209-020-00716-9 google scholar
-
Domînguez Vila, T., Alen Gonzâlez, E. and Darcy, S. (2018). Website accessibility in the tourism industry: an analysis of official national tourism organization websites around the world. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(24), 2895-2906. doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1362709 google scholar
-
Fatima, K., Bawany, N. Z., & Bukhari, M. (2020). Usability and accessibility evaluation of banking websites. 2020 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems, ICACSIS 2020, 247-256. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS51025.2020.9263083 google scholar
-
Fogli, D., & Guida, G. (2013). LNCS 8295-Assessing corporate websites: Quality Model and Methodology. İn LNCS (Vol. 8295). google scholar
-
Fogli, D. and Guida, G. (2015). A practical approach to the assessment of quality in use of corporate web sites. Journal of Systems and Software, 99, 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.006 google scholar
-
“Free Broken Link Checking Tool-Dead Link Checker.” (2013). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.deadlinkchecker .com/. google scholar
-
Gonçalves, R., Martins, J., Pereira, J., Oliveira, M. A. Y., & Ferreira, J. J. P. (2013). Enterprise Web AccessibilitY Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader? Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 363-375. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1309-3 google scholar
-
Gonçalves, R., Rocha, T., Martins, J., Branco, F. and Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2018). Evaluation of e-commerce websites’ accessibility and usability: an e-commerce platform analysis with the inclusion of blind users. Universal Access in the Information Society, 17(3), 567-583. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-017-0557-5 google scholar
-
Gopinath, S., Senthooran, V., Lojenaa, N. and Kartheeswaran, T. (2016). Usability and accessibility analysis of selected government websites in Sri Lanka. IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 394-398. google scholar
-
GTmetrix | Website Performance Testing and Monitoring.” (2009). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://gtmetrix.com/ google scholar
-
Halim, N. A., Basiruddin, R. and Ali, N. R. M. (2015). Measuring the Extent of Investor Relations on the Web: A Multi-dimensional Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31, 714-721. https://doi.org/l0.1016/s2212-567l(l5)01160-0 google scholar
-
Huang, Z. and Cappel, J. J. (2012). A Comparative Study of Website Usability Practices of Fortune 500 Versus INC. 500 Companies. Information Systems Management, 29(2), 112-122. doi:10.1080/10580530.2012.661633 google scholar
-
Kumar Gupta, A., Singh, V., Kulkarni, S., Khatri, V., Sumit, ], & Sonkar, S. (2023). Human-Computer Interaction: Designing Intuitive User Experiences [1]. In Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology (Vol. 44). google scholar
-
Leitner, M. L., Strauss, C., & Stummer, C. (2016). Web accessibility implementation in private sector organizations: motivations and Business impact. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15(2), 249-260. doi:10.1007/s10209-014-0380-1 google scholar
-
Loiacono, E. T., & McCoy, S. (2004). Website accessibility: A cross-sector comparison. Universal Access in the Information Society, 4(4), 393-399. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-005-0003-y google scholar
-
Loiacono, E. T., Romano, N. C. and McCoy, S. (2009). The state of corporate website accessibility. Communications of the ACM, 52(9). https://doi.org/10.1145/1562164.1562197 google scholar
-
Macakoglu, S. S., & Peker, S. (2022). Web accessibility performance analysis using web content accessibility guidelines and automated tools: a systematic literature review. HORA 2022-4th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications, Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/HORA55278.2022. 9799981 google scholar
-
Macakoğlu, Ş. S., Peker, S., & Medeni, İ. T. (2022). Accessibility, usability, and security evaluation of universities’ prospective student web pages: a comparative study of Europe, North America, and Oceania. Universal Access in the Information Society. doi:10.1007/ s10209-022-00869-9 google scholar
-
“Mobil Accessibility Testing-Google Search Console.” (2014). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://search.google.com/test/ mobile-friendly google scholar
Nour, R. (2022). An Assessment of Accessibility and Usability of Saudi Online FinTech Services for People with Disabilities. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/8610844 google scholar
-
“Pingdom: Website Performance and Availability Monitoring.” (2005). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.pingdom. com google scholar
-
Sevilla, J., Herrera, G., Martînez, B. and Alcantud, F. (2007, September 1). Web accessibility for individuals with cognitive deficits: A comparative study between an existing commercial Web and its cognitively accessible equivalent. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 14. https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279702 google scholar
-
Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., Grieco, L. A., & Coen-Porisini, A. (2015, January 15). Security, privacy and trust in Internet of things: The road ahead. Computer Networks, Vol. 76, pp. 146-164. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.11.008 google scholar
-
Singh, H., & Singh, A. (2020). Factors influencing web accessibility of corporate information: Indian evidence. International Journal of E-Business Research, 16(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEBR.2020070101 google scholar
-
“Sucuri SiteCheck: Website Security Checker | Malware Scan..” (2007). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://sitecheck. sucuri.net google scholar
-
TAW | Web accessibility and W3C standardization services.” (2001). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.tawdis. net/index google scholar
-
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. (2018, June 5). Retrieved May 19, 2023, from W3C website: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG 21/#background-on-wcag-2 google scholar
-
Xiao, J. Z., Yang, H. and Chow, C. W. (2004). The determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet-based disclosures by listed Chinese companies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 23(3), 191-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.04.002 google scholar
Evaluating the Accessibility, Usability, and Security of Corporate Investor Relations Web Pages: A Case Study of the Turkish Stock Market
Year 2025,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 90 - 111, 30.06.2025
Merve Garip
,
Serhat Peker
Abstract
This study investigates the accessibility, usability, and security of investor relations (IR) web pages of 53 companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST), focusing on both BIST-30, representing the most liquid and highly capitalized companies, and BIST-2022, companies that had their initial public offerings (IPOs) in 2022. Using automated testing tools, the analysis examines adherence to the WCAG 2.1 guidelines, mobile responsiveness, and security measures. The findings reveal that accessibility issues, particularly related to the robust and perceivable principles, are prevalent across the assessed web pages, with BIST-30 companies showing a higher rate of errors. While BIST-2022 companies generally performed better in usability, with faster loading times and fewer broken links, security assessments indicated low to medium risks across both categories. This study contributes to the limited literature on the quality assessment of corporate IR web pages and highlights the necessity for enhancements in accessibility, usability and security, providing valuable insights for web administrators and developers to improve the quality of IR web pages.
References
-
Agrawal, G., Kumar, D., Singh, M., & Dani, D. (2019). Evaluating accessibilitY and usabilitY of airline websites. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1045, 392-402. Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9939-8_35 google scholar
-
Akgül, Y. (2021). AccessibilitY, usabilitY, qualitY performance, and readabilitY evaluation of universitY websites of TurkeY: a comparative study of state and private universities. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(1), 157-170. doi:10.1007/s10209-020-00715-w google scholar
-
Al-Sakran, H. O., & Alsudairi, M. A. (2021). Usability and Accessibility Assessment of Saudi Arabia Mobile E-Government Websites. IEEE Access, 9, 48254-48275. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3068917 google scholar
-
Ashbaugh, H., Johnstone, K. M., & Warfield, T. D. (1999). Corporate reporting on the internet. Accounting Horizons, 13(3), 241-257. doi:10.2308/acch.1999.13.3.241 google scholar
-
Başeğmez, H., & Özdemir, K. (2023). Website Performance Evaluation by Gray Relational Analysis: A Research on Companies in BIST Technology and Informatics Index. Acta Infologica, 0(0), 0-0. doi:10.26650/acin.1165100 google scholar
-
Brennan, N. M. and Merkl-Davies, D. M. (2018). Do firms effectively communicate with financial stakeholders? A conceptual model of corporate communication in a capital market context. Accounting and Business Research, 48(5), 553-577. doi:10.1080/00014788.2018.1470143 google scholar
-
Chatterjee, K., Gupta, D. and De, A. (2013). “A framework for development of secure software.” CSI Transactions on ICT, 1(2), 143-157. doi:10.1007/s40012-013-0010-8 google scholar
-
Conte, F., Coppola, C., Sardanelli, D., Vollero, A., & Siano, A. (2022). Accessibility and social inclusion: an empirical investigation on the adoption of the World Wide Web Consortium guidelines on corporate websites. google scholar
-
Csontos, B., & Heckl, I. (2021). Accessibility, usability, and security evaluation of Hungarian government websites. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(i), 139-156. doi:10.1007/s10209-020-00716-9 google scholar
-
Domînguez Vila, T., Alen Gonzâlez, E. and Darcy, S. (2018). Website accessibility in the tourism industry: an analysis of official national tourism organization websites around the world. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(24), 2895-2906. doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1362709 google scholar
-
Fatima, K., Bawany, N. Z., & Bukhari, M. (2020). Usability and accessibility evaluation of banking websites. 2020 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems, ICACSIS 2020, 247-256. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS51025.2020.9263083 google scholar
-
Fogli, D., & Guida, G. (2013). LNCS 8295-Assessing corporate websites: Quality Model and Methodology. İn LNCS (Vol. 8295). google scholar
-
Fogli, D. and Guida, G. (2015). A practical approach to the assessment of quality in use of corporate web sites. Journal of Systems and Software, 99, 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.006 google scholar
-
“Free Broken Link Checking Tool-Dead Link Checker.” (2013). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.deadlinkchecker .com/. google scholar
-
Gonçalves, R., Martins, J., Pereira, J., Oliveira, M. A. Y., & Ferreira, J. J. P. (2013). Enterprise Web AccessibilitY Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader? Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 363-375. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1309-3 google scholar
-
Gonçalves, R., Rocha, T., Martins, J., Branco, F. and Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2018). Evaluation of e-commerce websites’ accessibility and usability: an e-commerce platform analysis with the inclusion of blind users. Universal Access in the Information Society, 17(3), 567-583. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-017-0557-5 google scholar
-
Gopinath, S., Senthooran, V., Lojenaa, N. and Kartheeswaran, T. (2016). Usability and accessibility analysis of selected government websites in Sri Lanka. IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 394-398. google scholar
-
GTmetrix | Website Performance Testing and Monitoring.” (2009). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://gtmetrix.com/ google scholar
-
Halim, N. A., Basiruddin, R. and Ali, N. R. M. (2015). Measuring the Extent of Investor Relations on the Web: A Multi-dimensional Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31, 714-721. https://doi.org/l0.1016/s2212-567l(l5)01160-0 google scholar
-
Huang, Z. and Cappel, J. J. (2012). A Comparative Study of Website Usability Practices of Fortune 500 Versus INC. 500 Companies. Information Systems Management, 29(2), 112-122. doi:10.1080/10580530.2012.661633 google scholar
-
Kumar Gupta, A., Singh, V., Kulkarni, S., Khatri, V., Sumit, ], & Sonkar, S. (2023). Human-Computer Interaction: Designing Intuitive User Experiences [1]. In Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology (Vol. 44). google scholar
-
Leitner, M. L., Strauss, C., & Stummer, C. (2016). Web accessibility implementation in private sector organizations: motivations and Business impact. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15(2), 249-260. doi:10.1007/s10209-014-0380-1 google scholar
-
Loiacono, E. T., & McCoy, S. (2004). Website accessibility: A cross-sector comparison. Universal Access in the Information Society, 4(4), 393-399. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-005-0003-y google scholar
-
Loiacono, E. T., Romano, N. C. and McCoy, S. (2009). The state of corporate website accessibility. Communications of the ACM, 52(9). https://doi.org/10.1145/1562164.1562197 google scholar
-
Macakoglu, S. S., & Peker, S. (2022). Web accessibility performance analysis using web content accessibility guidelines and automated tools: a systematic literature review. HORA 2022-4th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications, Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/HORA55278.2022. 9799981 google scholar
-
Macakoğlu, Ş. S., Peker, S., & Medeni, İ. T. (2022). Accessibility, usability, and security evaluation of universities’ prospective student web pages: a comparative study of Europe, North America, and Oceania. Universal Access in the Information Society. doi:10.1007/ s10209-022-00869-9 google scholar
-
“Mobil Accessibility Testing-Google Search Console.” (2014). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://search.google.com/test/ mobile-friendly google scholar
Nour, R. (2022). An Assessment of Accessibility and Usability of Saudi Online FinTech Services for People with Disabilities. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/8610844 google scholar
-
“Pingdom: Website Performance and Availability Monitoring.” (2005). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.pingdom. com google scholar
-
Sevilla, J., Herrera, G., Martînez, B. and Alcantud, F. (2007, September 1). Web accessibility for individuals with cognitive deficits: A comparative study between an existing commercial Web and its cognitively accessible equivalent. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 14. https://doi.org/10.1145/1279700.1279702 google scholar
-
Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., Grieco, L. A., & Coen-Porisini, A. (2015, January 15). Security, privacy and trust in Internet of things: The road ahead. Computer Networks, Vol. 76, pp. 146-164. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.11.008 google scholar
-
Singh, H., & Singh, A. (2020). Factors influencing web accessibility of corporate information: Indian evidence. International Journal of E-Business Research, 16(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEBR.2020070101 google scholar
-
“Sucuri SiteCheck: Website Security Checker | Malware Scan..” (2007). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://sitecheck. sucuri.net google scholar
-
TAW | Web accessibility and W3C standardization services.” (2001). Accessed: Dec. 13, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.tawdis. net/index google scholar
-
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. (2018, June 5). Retrieved May 19, 2023, from W3C website: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG 21/#background-on-wcag-2 google scholar
-
Xiao, J. Z., Yang, H. and Chow, C. W. (2004). The determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet-based disclosures by listed Chinese companies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 23(3), 191-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.04.002 google scholar