Research Article
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Year 2023, , 360 - 363, 27.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1341731

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Myopia J, Mariotti S, Kocur I, al. The impact of myopia and high myopia. Report of the Joint World Health Organization-Brien Holden Vision Institute Global Scientific Meeting on Myopia, 2015.
  • Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036-1042.
  • Iribarren R, Cortinez MF, Chiappe JP. Age of first distance prescription and final myopic refractive error. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009;16(2):84-89.
  • Donovan L, Sankaridurg P, Ho A, Naduvilath T, Smith EL 3rd, Holden BA. Myopia progression rates in urban children wearing single-vision spectacles. Optom Vis Sci. 2012;89(1):27-32.
  • Kaya P, Uzel MM. Development and progression of myopia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban area in Turkey. Int Ophthalmol. 2023;10.1007/s10792-023-02824-w.
  • Saxena R, Vashist P, Tandon R, et al. Prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in urban school children in Delhi: the North India Myopia Study (NIM Study). PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117349.
  • Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM. Myopia. Lancet. 2012;379(9827):1739-1748.
  • Saw SM, Tong L, Chua WH, et al. Incidence and progression of myopia in Singaporean school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(1):51-57.
  • Fan DS, Lam DS, Lam RF, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and progression of myopia of school children in Hong Kong. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(4):1071-1075.
  • French AN, Morgan IG, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P, Rose KA. Prevalence and 5-to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian school children. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1482-1491.
  • Wong K, Dahlmann-Noor A. Myopia and its progression in children in London, UK:a retrospective evaluation. J Optometry. 2020;13(3):146-154.
  • Chua WH, Balakrishnan V, Chan YH, et al. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(12): 2285-2291.
  • Verkicharla PK, Kammari P, Das AV. Myopia progression varies with age and severity of myopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241759.
  • Chua SY, Sabanayagam C, Cheung YB, et al. Age of onset of myopia predicts risk of high myopia in later childhood in myopic Singapore children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016;36(4):388-394.
  • Hsu CC, Huang N, Lin PY, et al. Risk factors for myopia progression in second-grade primary school children in Taipei:a population-based cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(12):1611-1617.
  • Zhou WJ, Zhang YY, Li H, et al. Five-year progression of refractive errors and ıncidence of myopia in school-aged children in Western China. J Epidemiol. 2016;26(7):386-395.
  • Saxena R, Vashist P, Tandon R, et al. Incidence and progression of myopia and associated factors in urban school children in Delhi:The North India Myopia Study (NIM Study). PloS One. 2017;12(12):e0189774.
  • Young TL. Molecular genetics of human myopia: an update. Optom Vis Sci. 2009;86(1):E8-E22.
  • Czepita D, Mojsa A, Ustianowska M, Czepita M, Lachowicz E. Role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2007;53(2):5-7.
  • Jobke S, Kasten E, Vorwerk C. The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(3):601-607.

Turkish children myopia progression in the urban area, a retrospective evaluation

Year 2023, , 360 - 363, 27.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1341731

Abstract

Aims: To investigate myopia trends and progression in urban school-aged myopic children in Turkey.
Methods: This retrospective study included myopic children aged 6-18 years attending the ophthalmology clinic for regular eye and refractive examinations between 2003 and 2021. Myopia progression was calculated as the difference between the baseline and the last visit spherical equivalent refractive (SER) values. Individuals were further categorized to determine the age-specific myopia progression as 6-11, 12-16, and 17-18 age groups based on the school periods of the country. According to the SER values, individuals were classified into mild, moderate, and high myopic groups.
Results: A total of 602 eyes of 301 children (191 female, 110 male) with a mean age of 11.64±2.81 (6-18) years were included in the study. The mean follow-up time of patients was 37.51±19.18 (6-98) months. The baseline mean SER value was -1.5±1.07 D (range: -0.50 and -5.62) and -2.55±1.50 at the final visit. The overall mean myopia progression was -0.35±0.37 D (range: +0.35 D and -3.75 D/year. There were 46 children between 6-11 years, 173 children between 12-16 years, 82 children between 17-18 years, and the annual SER changes were -0.46±0.40 D; -0.37±0.39 D and -0.26±0.29 D in the groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Baseline, final, and annual myopia progression were greater in females. Although there was no statistical significance, myopia progression was faster in moderate myopes (-0.39±0.33 D/a year), followed by mild (-0.35±0.37 D/a year) and high myopes (-0.21±0.20 D/a year) (p=0.37).
Conclusion: The progression of myopia in school-aged Turkish children from the Western Black Sea Region is comparable to the world. Our study revealed the greater myopia progression in the youngest children, moderate myopia group, and females. Myopia prevention recommendations should be carefully advised to the youngest female ones to reduce myopia progression.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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References

  • Myopia J, Mariotti S, Kocur I, al. The impact of myopia and high myopia. Report of the Joint World Health Organization-Brien Holden Vision Institute Global Scientific Meeting on Myopia, 2015.
  • Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036-1042.
  • Iribarren R, Cortinez MF, Chiappe JP. Age of first distance prescription and final myopic refractive error. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009;16(2):84-89.
  • Donovan L, Sankaridurg P, Ho A, Naduvilath T, Smith EL 3rd, Holden BA. Myopia progression rates in urban children wearing single-vision spectacles. Optom Vis Sci. 2012;89(1):27-32.
  • Kaya P, Uzel MM. Development and progression of myopia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban area in Turkey. Int Ophthalmol. 2023;10.1007/s10792-023-02824-w.
  • Saxena R, Vashist P, Tandon R, et al. Prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in urban school children in Delhi: the North India Myopia Study (NIM Study). PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117349.
  • Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM. Myopia. Lancet. 2012;379(9827):1739-1748.
  • Saw SM, Tong L, Chua WH, et al. Incidence and progression of myopia in Singaporean school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(1):51-57.
  • Fan DS, Lam DS, Lam RF, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and progression of myopia of school children in Hong Kong. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(4):1071-1075.
  • French AN, Morgan IG, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P, Rose KA. Prevalence and 5-to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian school children. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1482-1491.
  • Wong K, Dahlmann-Noor A. Myopia and its progression in children in London, UK:a retrospective evaluation. J Optometry. 2020;13(3):146-154.
  • Chua WH, Balakrishnan V, Chan YH, et al. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(12): 2285-2291.
  • Verkicharla PK, Kammari P, Das AV. Myopia progression varies with age and severity of myopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241759.
  • Chua SY, Sabanayagam C, Cheung YB, et al. Age of onset of myopia predicts risk of high myopia in later childhood in myopic Singapore children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016;36(4):388-394.
  • Hsu CC, Huang N, Lin PY, et al. Risk factors for myopia progression in second-grade primary school children in Taipei:a population-based cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(12):1611-1617.
  • Zhou WJ, Zhang YY, Li H, et al. Five-year progression of refractive errors and ıncidence of myopia in school-aged children in Western China. J Epidemiol. 2016;26(7):386-395.
  • Saxena R, Vashist P, Tandon R, et al. Incidence and progression of myopia and associated factors in urban school children in Delhi:The North India Myopia Study (NIM Study). PloS One. 2017;12(12):e0189774.
  • Young TL. Molecular genetics of human myopia: an update. Optom Vis Sci. 2009;86(1):E8-E22.
  • Czepita D, Mojsa A, Ustianowska M, Czepita M, Lachowicz E. Role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2007;53(2):5-7.
  • Jobke S, Kasten E, Vorwerk C. The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(3):601-607.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Vision Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Pınar Kaya 0000-0001-9243-6124

Project Number -
Early Pub Date October 26, 2023
Publication Date October 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

AMA Kaya P. Turkish children myopia progression in the urban area, a retrospective evaluation. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. October 2023;5(4):360-363. doi:10.38053/acmj.1341731

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