Research Article

The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory

Volume: 7 Number: 6 October 26, 2025
EN TR

The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory

Abstract

Aims: Dental pain frequently accounts for a significant proportion of visits to emergency departments (EDs). While the relationship between body-mass index (BMI) and anxiety has been examined in various contexts, the specific impact of BMI on anxiety associated with dental pain remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of BMI on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the ED with dental pain, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on patients presenting to the ED with dental pain complaints. Participants were categorized by BMI according to the World Health Organization classification system. Anxiety levels were assessed using the STAI, which consists of two distinct components: state anxiety (STAI-S), which evaluates situational anxiety, and trait anxiety (STAI-T), which measures baseline anxiety predisposition. Results: A significant correlation was found between BMI and anxiety levels among patients experiencing dental pain. Higher BMI was associated with increased scores on both the STAI-S and STAI-T. Statistically significant differences were observed among various BMI categories, indicating that individuals classified as overweight or obese exhibit higher anxiety levels compared to those with a normal BMI. Multiple factors, including marital status, the presence of chronic illness, smoking, lower educational attainment, reduced income levels, and unemployment, were identified as significant contributors to elevated anxiety levels (p<0.05). Statistical analyses: To examine the relationship between BMI and anxiety levels, we used descriptive statistics, Independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. These methods allowed us to assess differences in anxiety across BMI categories and determine the strength of their associations. A p-value threshold of less than 0.05 was set to indicate statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that BMI may play a significant role in influencing anxiety levels among patients experiencing dental pain. Understanding the nuances of this relationship could enable healthcare professionals to provide more effective psychological support and develop targeted interventions tailored to specific BMI categories. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking BMI to anxiety associated with dental pain.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for the study was received from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, with protocol number 2025/132. All legal permissions for the conduct of the study were obtained from relevant institutions and organizations. In addition, consent to participate was obtained from the participants.

Thanks

All authors thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Batuhan Bakırarar (PhD) for providing statistical assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. We extend our gratitude to all participants who contributed their time and effort to this study.

References

  1. Hocker MB, Villani JJ, Borawski JB, et al. Dental visits to a North Carolina emergency department: a painful problem. N C Med J. 2012; 73(5):346-351.
  2. Lewis C, Lynch H, Johnston B. Dental complaints in emergency departments: a national perspective. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42(1):93-99. doi:10.1067/mem.2003.234
  3. Morganti KG, Bauhoff S, Blanchard JC, et al. The Evolving Role of Emergency Departments in the United States. Rand Health Q. 2013;3(2):3.
  4. McCormick AP, Abubaker AO, Laskin DM, Gonzales MS, Garland S. Reducing the burden of dental patients on the busy hospital emergency department. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(3):475-478. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2012.08.023
  5. Burt CW, Schappert SM. Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 1999--2000. Vital Health Stat 13. 2004;(157):1-70.
  6. Burt CW, McCaig LF. Trends in hospital emergency department utilization: United States, 1992-99. Vital Health Stat 13. 2001;(150):1-34.
  7. Jain AA, Yeluri R, Munshi AK. Measurement and assessment of pain in children--a review. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012;37(2):125-136. doi:10.17796/jcpd.37.2.k84341490806t770
  8. Sadock BJ SV. Kaplan &Sadock’s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 8th ed. (Ed H Aydın AB, ed.). Güneş Kitabevi; 2007.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Dental Public Health, Emergency Medicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 26, 2025

Submission Date

August 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 7 Number: 6

APA
Doğan, Ö., Altıntepe Doğan, S. S., & Doğan, Ö. (2025). The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 7(6), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1762618
AMA
1.Doğan Ö, Altıntepe Doğan SS, Doğan Ö. The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2025;7(6):783-791. doi:10.38053/acmj.1762618
Chicago
Doğan, Özge, Suat Serhan Altıntepe Doğan, and Özgür Doğan. 2025. “The Impact of Body Mass Index on Anxiety Levels in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Dental Pain: A Comparative Analysis Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 7 (6): 783-91. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1762618.
EndNote
Doğan Ö, Altıntepe Doğan SS, Doğan Ö (October 1, 2025) The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 7 6 783–791.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Doğan, S. S. Altıntepe Doğan, and Ö. Doğan, “The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 783–791, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.38053/acmj.1762618.
ISNAD
Doğan, Özge - Altıntepe Doğan, Suat Serhan - Doğan, Özgür. “The Impact of Body Mass Index on Anxiety Levels in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Dental Pain: A Comparative Analysis Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 7/6 (October 1, 2025): 783-791. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1762618.
JAMA
1.Doğan Ö, Altıntepe Doğan SS, Doğan Ö. The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2025;7:783–791.
MLA
Doğan, Özge, et al. “The Impact of Body Mass Index on Anxiety Levels in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Dental Pain: A Comparative Analysis Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, Oct. 2025, pp. 783-91, doi:10.38053/acmj.1762618.
Vancouver
1.Özge Doğan, Suat Serhan Altıntepe Doğan, Özgür Doğan. The impact of body mass index on anxiety levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with dental pain: a comparative analysis using the state-trait anxiety inventory. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2025 Oct. 1;7(6):783-91. doi:10.38053/acmj.1762618

 

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