Aeromonas hydrophila Suşlarının Antibiyotik Direnç Profilleri
Yıl 2021,
, 202 - 213, 01.06.2021
Nurdan Filik
,
Ebru Önem
,
Ayşegül Kubilay
Öz
Aeromonas hydrophila virülens özellikleri açısından önemli bir patojen olup balıklarda ölümcül bir hastalık olan Motile Aeromonas Septisemisine (MAS) neden olur. Bu çalışmada hasta balıklardan izole edilen 20 A. hydrophila suşunun ve A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 suşunun 28 farklı antibiyotiğe karşı duyarlılığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada A. hydrophila suşlarında antibiyotik duyarlılık profilleri Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemiyle saptanmış ve heri bir suşa ait Çoklu Antibiyotik Dirençliliği (ÇAD) indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre suşların 12 antibiyotiğe dirençli, 14 antibiyotiğe duyarlı, 2 antibiyotiğe orta dercede duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. ÇAD indeksi sonuçlarına göre suşların toplam 14 antibiyotiğe karşı çoklu antibiyotik direnci gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Suşların ÇAD indeks değerleri 0,21-0,75 aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmaların ortaya koyduğu bir bulgu A. hydrophila’nın oksitetrasikline karşı geliştirdiği dirençtir. Bu açıdan araştırma bulgularında en dikkat çeken oksitetrasiklin direnci olmuştur. A. hydrophila suşlarının araştırmada kullanılan antibiyotiklerin büyük bir kısmına ve yapılan bazı çalışmalarla tedavide en etkili antibiyotik olduğu bildirilen oksitetrasikline karşı direnç geliştirdiğinin tespit edilmesi suşların direnç profilinin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir.
Sonuç olarak, balık patojenlerinin oluşturduğu hastalıkların tedavisinde yanlış antibiyotik kullanımı sonucu patojenin direnç kazandığı, bu durumunda balık hastalıkları ile mücadelede ciddi bir sorun oluşturduğu görülmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma doktora tezinden özetlenmiştir. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) 1002 Hızlı Destek Programı kapsamında 119O671 Proje Nosuyla desteklenmiştir. Araştırma da kullanılan A. hydrophila suşları Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi (BUÜ)’nin, Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi (ISUBÜ)’nin, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi (OMÜ)’nin ve Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi (RTEÜ)’nin değerli Öğretim Elemanları tarafından temin edilmiş olup kendilerinin şahıslarına ve bağlı bulundukları Üniversitelerine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
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- Akşit, A., & Kum, V. (2008). Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)’nda sık görülen patojen mikroorganizmaların tespiti ve antibiyotik duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 1-7.
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Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıkları ve Duyarlılıkta Rol Oynayan Genlerin Tespiti. Doktora Tezi, T.C. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
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Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila Strains
Yıl 2021,
, 202 - 213, 01.06.2021
Nurdan Filik
,
Ebru Önem
,
Ayşegül Kubilay
Öz
Aeromonas hydrophila virulent is a pathogen with important virulent properties and causes Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), a deadly disease in fish. In this study sensitivity of 20 A. hydrophila strains and A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 strains isolated from sick fish to 28 different antibiotics were investigated. In the study, antibiotic susceptibility profiles of A. hydrophila strains were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index for each strain was calculated. According to the results, it was determined that the strains were resistant to 12 antibiotics, sensitive to 14 antibiotics, and 2 antibiotics moderately. According to the results of the MAR index, the strains were found to have multiple antibiotic resistance against the total of 14 antibiotics. MAR index values of strains were determined in the range of 0.21-0.75. One of the findings of recent studies is the resistance developed by A. hydrophila against oxytetracycline. In this respect, oxytetracycline resistance was the most striking in the research findings. The fact that A. hydrophila strains developed resistance to most of the antibiotics used in the research and oxytetracycline, which was reported to be the most effective antibiotic in treatment, shows that the resistance profile of strains is high.
As a result, it is seen that pathogen has gained resistance as a result of the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of diseases caused by fish pathogens, and this situation creates a serious problem in the fight against fish diseases.
Kaynakça
- Agger, W.A., McCormick, J.D., & Gurwith, M.J. (2018). Aeromonas hydrophila ilişkili ishalin klinik ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri. Journal Clinical Microbiology.
- Aksoy, A. (2015). Antibiyotik Direnci Özel Sayısı. Türkiye Klinikleri Veteriner Bilimleri-Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji-Özel Konular, 15(1).
- Akşit, A., & Kum, V. (2008). Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)’nda sık görülen patojen mikroorganizmaların tespiti ve antibiyotik duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 1-7.
- Alcaide, E., Blasco, M.D., & Esteve, C. (2005). Occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria in two European eel farms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(6), 3348–3350. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.6.3348-3350.2005
- Altwegg, M., & Jöhl, M. (1989). Isolation frequency of Aeromonas species in relation to patient age, Notes, 6, 55.
- Andersson, D. I., Balaban, N. Q., Baquero, F., Courvalin, P., Glaser, P., Gophna, U., ... & Tønjum, T. (2020). Antibiotic resistance: turning evolutionary principles into clinical reality. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 44(2), 171-188.
- Angulo, F.J., & Griffin, P.M. (2000). Changes in antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, 6, 436–438.
- Angulo, F.J., Nargund, V.N. & Chiller, T.C. (2004). Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 51(8-9), 374–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00789.x
- Austin, B., & Austin, D.A. (2016). Bacterial fish pathogens. 6. th edition. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp: 21-82, 161-321, 323-396, 643-721.
- Ausubel, F., Brent, R., Kingston, R., Moor, D., Seidman, J., Smith, J., & Stauhle, K. (1988). Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. New York: Wiley Intersciences.
- Baran, I., Timur, M., Aydın, N., İstanbulluoğlu, E. and Aydintuğ, M.K. 1980. Çifteler-Sakaryabaşı balık üretim ve araştırma istasyonunda, alabalıklarda (Salmo gairdneri) görülen bakteriyel hemorajik septisemi hastalığı üzerine incelemeler. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 467-473.
- Boran, H., Terzi, E., Altinok, I., Capkin, E. and Bascinar, N. 2013. Bacterial diseases of cultured mediterranean Horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) in sea cages. Aquaculture, 396, 8-13.
- Cabello, F.C. (2006). Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental microbiology, 8(7), (pp. 1137-1144). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01054.x
- Cappuccino, J.G., & Sherman, N. (1992). Biochemical activities of microorganisms. In: Microbiology, A Laboratory Manual. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. California, USA. 76 s.
- Castro, G. (2002). Characterisation of Aeromonas spp. isolated from frozen fish intended for human consumption in Mexico, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2612, 1-9.
- Clark, N.M., & Chenoweth, C.E. (2003). Aeromonas infection of the hepatobiliary system: Report of 15 cases and review of the literature. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37, 506-13.
- CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), (2017). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th ed., CLSI Supplement M100, USA.
- Costerton, J.W., Stewart, P.S., Greenberg, E.P. (1999). Bacterial Biofilms: A common Cause of Persistent Infections, Science, 284, 1318-1322.
- Davies, A., Capell, C., Jehanno, D., Nychas, G.J.E., & Kirby, R.M. (2001). Incidence of Foodborne Pathogens on Europen Fish, Food Control, 12, 67-71.
- Del Castillo, C. S., Hikima, J. I., Jang, H. B., Nho, S. W., Jung, T. S., Wongtavatchai, J., ... & Aoki, T. (2013). Comparative sequence analysis of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from Aeromonas hydrophila. Antimicrobial Agents, 57(1), 120-129.
- Duman, M. (2017). Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında Görülen Motil Aeromonas (Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae), Yersinia ruckeri ve Lactococcus garvieae Bakterilerinin
Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıkları ve Duyarlılıkta Rol Oynayan Genlerin Tespiti. Doktora Tezi, T.C. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Durmaz, Y. & Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık İşletmelerinden Motil Aeromonasların İzolasyonu ve Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılıklarının Saptanması, Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Research Article, 15(3), 357-361.
- Ehinmidu, J.O. (2003). Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Bacterial Isolates in Zaria, Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(2), 223- 228.
Erer, H. (2002). Balık Hastalıkları. 2. baskı, Selçuk Üniv. Basimevi, Konya.
- Gatesoupe, F.J. (1999). The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 180, 147- 165.
- Gudding, R., Lillehaug, A., & Evensen, Ø., (1999). Recent developments in fish vaccinology. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 72, 203-212.
- Güvener, R.P. (2001). A study on the diagnosis of the aeromonad enfections in some aquarium fishes. Msc. thesis. Istanbul University.
- Heppell, J., & Davis, H.L. (2000). Application of DNA Vaccine Technology to Aquaculture. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 43, 29-43.
- Hossain, S., Dahanayake, P.S., De Silva, B.C.J., Wickramanayake, M.V.K.S., Wimalasena, S.H.M.P., & Heo, G.J. (2019). Multidrug resistant Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio): antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes. Letters in applied microbiology, 68(5), 370-377.
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