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Kafkasya’da Doğa Korumacılık ve Kırsal Topluluklar Arasındaki İlişkiler: Kafkasya Eko-Bölgesi Biyoçeşitlilik Koruma Planının Toplumsal Etkileri

Year 2024, , 148 - 170, 01.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.1516430

Abstract

Bu çalışma, doğa korumacılığın toplumsal yaşam üzerinde yarattığı etkilere ışık tutmaya çalışmaktadır. Çeşitli akademik uzmanlık alanlarının doğa korumacılık ile ilgili bakış açıları ile kırsal toplumların bakış açıları farklılaşmaktadır. Bu ise doğa korumacılığın özgün çelişkiler üreten bir pratik olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışma Kafkasya bölgesinde doğa korumacılığın ürettiği bazı çelişkilere odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada doğanın neoliberalleştirilmesi literatürünün sunduğu kavramsal araçlardan faydalanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın veri kaynaklarını korumacılıkla ilgili planlar ve konu ile ilgili yapılmış saha çalışmaları oluşturmaktadır. Bu planlar söylemsel anlatılar olarak konumlandırılmış ve saha analizlerinin sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, doğa korumacılığı alanında yerel ve küresel aktörler uygulama düzeyinde çelişkilerle yüzleştikçe katılımcılığı benimseyen prensipleri ve ekonomik kalkınma ile korumacılığı uzlaştırma gereğini söylemlerine yerleştirmiş görünüyorlar. Fakat bu görünür söylemlerin ardında işleyen mekanizmalar kırsal toplumlar üzerinde yoksulluğu artırıcı ve göçe zorlayıcı etkiler üretmeye devam etmektedir. Koruma uygulamaları için kırsal toplumlara refah mekanizmaları oluşturmada Kafkasya coğrafyasına özgü sürmekte olan ulusal sınır ihtilafları da engelleyici bir etken olmaya devam etmektedir.

References

  • The Republic of Armenia Government, (2014). Armenia Development Strategy 2014-2025. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/armenia_development_strategy_for_2014-2025.pdf adresinden 05.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Krever, V., Zazanshvili, N., Jungius, H., Williams, L., & Petelin, D. (Eds.). (2001). Biodiversity of the Caucasus Ecoregion: An Analysis of Biodiversity and Current Threats and Initial Investment Portfolio. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
  • Castree, N. (2008). Neoliberalising nature: the logics of deregulation and reregulation. Environment and planning A, 40(1), 131-152.
  • Williams, L. (Eds.). (2004). Caucasus biodiversity hotspot: Ecosystem Profile. https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/final.caucasus.ep_.pdf adresinden 23.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Caucasus Biodiversity Council Annual Report (2006). Caucasus Ecoregion. https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/cbc_an_rep_2006.pdf adresinden 22.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Caucasus Biodiversity Council Report (2009). Caucasus ecoregion 2007-2008. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?171581/CBC-Report adresinden 10.07.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Church, M. J. (2020). Ecoregionalism: Analyzing regional environmental agreements and processes. Routledge.
  • Zazanashvili, N. et al. (2020a). Ecoregional conservation plan for the Caucasus 2020. WWF, KfW, BMZ.
  • Zazanashvili, N. et al. (2020b). Ecoregional conservation plan for the Caucasus – Supplementary Reports. WWF, KfW, BMZ.
  • Jhonson, G. (2004). Prospects for regional cooperation in economic and security matters. In J. Dufourcq & L. Ponsard (Eds.), The South Caucasus: Promoting Values Through Cooperation, NATO Defense College Seminar Report Series 20, 73-77.
  • Gugushvili, D. (2017). Lessons from Georgia’s neoliberal experiment. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 50(1), University of California Press, 1-14.
  • Igoe, J., & Brockington, D. (2007). Neoliberal conservation: A brief introduction. Conservation & Society, 5(4), 432-449.
  • İsmailov, E., & Papava, V. (2006). The central caucasus: Essays on geopolitical economy. CA&CC Press.
  • Biodiversity Protection Service of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection. (2014). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2020. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ge/ge-nbsap-v2-en.pdf adresinden 10.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Olson, D., & Dinerstein, E. (2002). The Global 200: priority ecoregions for global conservation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89(2), 199-224.
  • O’Connor, F. (1998). Natural causes. Guilford Press. Prudham, S., & McCarthy, J. (2004). Neoliberal nature and the nature of neoliberalism. Geoforum, 35(3), 275-283.
  • Rondeli, A. (2004). The south caucasus: Pipeline politics and regional economic interests. In J. Dufourcq & L. Ponsard (Eds.), The South Caucasus: Promoting Values Through Cooperation, NATO Defense College Seminar Report Series 20, 43-52.
  • Schott, J., Kalatas, T., Nercissians, E., Barkmann, J., Shelia, V. (2016). The impact of protected areas on local livelihoods in the South Caucasus. Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies, 3-25.
  • Shouha, M. (2020). Market territories: neoliberalism and spatial fragmentation in the South Caucasus. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 86, 178-203.
  • Sjöstrand, E. A. (2016). Fuelwood on the fringes: an analysis of conflict surrounding fuelwood access on the southern boundary of Borjomi Kharagauli Protected Areas [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Georgia, Stockholm University, 1-57.
  • Smith, N. (1984/2008). Uneven development: nature, capital and the production of space (Third Edition). University of Georgia Press.
  • Government of Georgia. (2020). Socio-economic development strategy of Georgia “GEORGIA 2020”. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/cps-geo-2014-2018-sd-01.pdf adresinden 15.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Udvardy, D. F. M (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occassional Paper, 18, 5-44.
  • Yazıcı, B. (2013). Güncel sosyal bilim analizinin sihirli anahtarı: “neoliberalizm”?. Toplum ve Bilim, 128, 7-31.

Relations Between Nature Conservation and Rural Communities in the Caucasus: Social Implications of Caucasus Eco-Region Biodiversity Conservation Plan

Year 2024, , 148 - 170, 01.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.1516430

Abstract

This study attempts to shed light on the effects of nature conservation on social life. The perspectives of various academic specialties on nature conservation differ from the perspectives of rural communities. This suggests that nature conservation is a practice that produces unique contradictions. This study focuses on some of the contradictions produced by nature conservation in the Caucasus region. The study uses the conceptual tools provided by the literature on the neoliberalisation of nature. The study’s data sources are conservation plans and field studies on the subject. These plans are positioned as discursive narratives and compared with the results of field analyses. As a result, as local and global actors in the field of nature conservation face contradictions at the practical level, they have incorporated the principles of participation and the need to reconcile economic development and conservation into their discourses. However, the mechanisms behind these visible discourses continue to produce poverty-increasing and migration-inducing effects on rural communities. The ongoing national border conflicts specific to the Caucasus region also continue to hinder the creation of welfare mechanisms for rural communities for conservation practices.

References

  • The Republic of Armenia Government, (2014). Armenia Development Strategy 2014-2025. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/armenia_development_strategy_for_2014-2025.pdf adresinden 05.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Krever, V., Zazanshvili, N., Jungius, H., Williams, L., & Petelin, D. (Eds.). (2001). Biodiversity of the Caucasus Ecoregion: An Analysis of Biodiversity and Current Threats and Initial Investment Portfolio. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
  • Castree, N. (2008). Neoliberalising nature: the logics of deregulation and reregulation. Environment and planning A, 40(1), 131-152.
  • Williams, L. (Eds.). (2004). Caucasus biodiversity hotspot: Ecosystem Profile. https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/final.caucasus.ep_.pdf adresinden 23.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Caucasus Biodiversity Council Annual Report (2006). Caucasus Ecoregion. https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/cbc_an_rep_2006.pdf adresinden 22.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Caucasus Biodiversity Council Report (2009). Caucasus ecoregion 2007-2008. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?171581/CBC-Report adresinden 10.07.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Church, M. J. (2020). Ecoregionalism: Analyzing regional environmental agreements and processes. Routledge.
  • Zazanashvili, N. et al. (2020a). Ecoregional conservation plan for the Caucasus 2020. WWF, KfW, BMZ.
  • Zazanashvili, N. et al. (2020b). Ecoregional conservation plan for the Caucasus – Supplementary Reports. WWF, KfW, BMZ.
  • Jhonson, G. (2004). Prospects for regional cooperation in economic and security matters. In J. Dufourcq & L. Ponsard (Eds.), The South Caucasus: Promoting Values Through Cooperation, NATO Defense College Seminar Report Series 20, 73-77.
  • Gugushvili, D. (2017). Lessons from Georgia’s neoliberal experiment. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 50(1), University of California Press, 1-14.
  • Igoe, J., & Brockington, D. (2007). Neoliberal conservation: A brief introduction. Conservation & Society, 5(4), 432-449.
  • İsmailov, E., & Papava, V. (2006). The central caucasus: Essays on geopolitical economy. CA&CC Press.
  • Biodiversity Protection Service of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection. (2014). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2020. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ge/ge-nbsap-v2-en.pdf adresinden 10.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Olson, D., & Dinerstein, E. (2002). The Global 200: priority ecoregions for global conservation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89(2), 199-224.
  • O’Connor, F. (1998). Natural causes. Guilford Press. Prudham, S., & McCarthy, J. (2004). Neoliberal nature and the nature of neoliberalism. Geoforum, 35(3), 275-283.
  • Rondeli, A. (2004). The south caucasus: Pipeline politics and regional economic interests. In J. Dufourcq & L. Ponsard (Eds.), The South Caucasus: Promoting Values Through Cooperation, NATO Defense College Seminar Report Series 20, 43-52.
  • Schott, J., Kalatas, T., Nercissians, E., Barkmann, J., Shelia, V. (2016). The impact of protected areas on local livelihoods in the South Caucasus. Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies, 3-25.
  • Shouha, M. (2020). Market territories: neoliberalism and spatial fragmentation in the South Caucasus. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 86, 178-203.
  • Sjöstrand, E. A. (2016). Fuelwood on the fringes: an analysis of conflict surrounding fuelwood access on the southern boundary of Borjomi Kharagauli Protected Areas [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Georgia, Stockholm University, 1-57.
  • Smith, N. (1984/2008). Uneven development: nature, capital and the production of space (Third Edition). University of Georgia Press.
  • Government of Georgia. (2020). Socio-economic development strategy of Georgia “GEORGIA 2020”. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/cps-geo-2014-2018-sd-01.pdf adresinden 15.06.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Udvardy, D. F. M (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occassional Paper, 18, 5-44.
  • Yazıcı, B. (2013). Güncel sosyal bilim analizinin sihirli anahtarı: “neoliberalizm”?. Toplum ve Bilim, 128, 7-31.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ecology, Sustainability and Energy, Political Ecology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Açar 0000-0002-4780-3754

Publication Date September 1, 2024
Submission Date July 15, 2024
Acceptance Date August 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Açar, O. (2024). Kafkasya’da Doğa Korumacılık ve Kırsal Topluluklar Arasındaki İlişkiler: Kafkasya Eko-Bölgesi Biyoçeşitlilik Koruma Planının Toplumsal Etkileri. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(Kafkasya Araştırmaları Özel Sayısı), 148-170. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.1516430

Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

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