Global Value Chains and Their Theoretical Foundations

Abstract

The advancement of information and communication technology has greatly impacted production activities by transforming the flow of information and communication across borders. This has led to the fragmentation and decentralization of production activities around the world for increased efficiency. As a result, traditional international economic theories that focused solely on the trade of goods and the superiority of nations have become inadequate in explaining the complexities of today's economic environment. Globalization, coupled with the revolution in information and communication technology, has caused production to undergo significant changes. The concept of global value chains emerged to describe the phenomenon of value-added production happening in different stages, facilities, and regions, encompassing not only goods but also services. This study aims to delve into the theoretical background of global value chains, examining international economic theories and the factors that have contributed to the formation of these chains. It seeks to explain the significance of global value chains in the current economic landscape.

Keywords

• Globalization
• Global value chains
• International economic theories

Küresel Değer Zincirleri ve Teorik Temelleri

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisinde meydana gelen çarpıcı gelişmelerin neticesinde sınır, zaman, mekân tanımayan bir boyuta evrilen bilgi akımı ile iletişim kavramlarının dönüştürücü gücü üretim faaliyetlerini de dönüşmüştür. Üretim faaliyetlerinin parçalara ayrılması, ayrıştırılması ve verimlilik amaçlı başka bölgelere konuşlandırılmasına imkân sağlayan değişim süreci devletler arasındaki mal ticaretini açıklamaya çalışan uluslararası iktisat teorilerinin yetersiz kalmaya başlamasına da yol açmıştır. Özellikle bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisinde devinim ile birlikte küreselleşmenin de vites attığı dönemde üretim de boyut değiştirerek bu değişime ayak uydurmuştur. Sadece malların ticaretini, emek ve sermaye faktörlerinin varlığı ile ulusların sahip oldukları üstünlükler varsayımlarını içeren teorilerin üretimin her aşamasının metalaştığı, uzmanlaşmanın, değer üretiminin çokuluslu şirketler ile küresel bir ağda yayıldığı, sadece malların değil hizmetlerin de ticaretin içinde yer aldığı günümüz iktisadi ortamını açıklaması elbette güç olmaktadır. Küresel değer zincirleri olarak adlandırılan fikir, tasarım ve üretim aşamalarından satış ve satış sonrası hizmetlere kadar farklı aşamalarda, üretim tesislerinde, bölgelerde meydana getirilen katma değerin üretimi olgusu özellikle 1990 sonrasında yaşanan dönüşümü ifade etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı uluslararası iktisat teorilerini ele alarak küresel değer zincirlerinin oluşumuna giden yolda yaşanan gelişmeler ile küresel değer zincirlerinin teorik arka planının aydınlatılması ve gelinen süreçte küresel değer zincirlerinin neden önemli bir olgu olarak ortaya çıktığı ifade edilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küreselleşme
• Küresel değer zincirleri
• Uluslararası iktisat teorileri

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