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KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ

Year 2024, Issue: 73, 425 - 457, 25.10.2024

Esra Yılmaz Eren

https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563

Abstract

Çocuklar, hamile ve bebek emziren kadınlar, yalnız ebeveynler, zihinsel ya da fiziksel hastalığı olanlar, engelliler, yaşlılar, insan ticareti mağdurları, işkence, tecavüz veya diğer psikolojik, fiziksel veya cinsel şiddet biçimlerine maruz kalan kişiler literatürde hassas durumda olan kişiler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu kişiler sığınma aramak için başvurdukları devlette özgürlükleri kısıtlanarak idari gözetim tedbirine konu olduklarında kişisel kırılganlıkları nedeniyle kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı yanında başka hak ihlallerine de maruz kalmaktadırlar.
Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi son yıllarda hassas durumda bulunan kişilere ilişkin detaylı bir içtihat oluşturmuştur. Mahkeme, hassasiyeti ihlal eşiğini düşüren bir unsur olarak değerlendirmekte ve hakları ihlal edilen kişilerin hassas durumda olması halinde devletlerin özen ve koruma yükümlülüklerini daha geniş yorumlamaktadır. Kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı kapsamında hassas kişilerin idari gözetimi gereklilik ve orantılılık ilkeleri bağlamında katı bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmaktadır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında AİHM içtihadında kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı ve idari gözetim konusunda genel bilgiler verildikten sonra hassas durumda olma/kırılganlık kavramı incelenecektir. AİHM’in hassas durumda olanların idari gözetiminde oluşturduğu ilkeler belirlenerek, bu kişilere karşı devletlerin arttırılmış pozitif yükümlülükleri değerlendirilecektir. Son bölümde Türkiye uygulaması bağlamında karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılarak hassas durumda bulunan kişiler bakımından hukuka uygun idari gözetim uygulaması için öneriler ileri sürülecektir.

Keywords

Hassas durumdaki kişiler idari gözetim kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı idari gözetime alternatif tedbirler pozitif yükümlülükler

References

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  • Şirin T, Özgürlük ve Güvenlik Hakkı-Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru El Kitapları Serisi- 1, Avrupa Konseyi, 2018.
  • Teksoy B, “İdari Gözetim Altına Alınan Yabancıların Elektronik ve İletişim Cihazlarının İncelenmesine İlişkin Hükmün Değerlendirilmesi, C. 75, S. 2, 2020, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, ss.517-556.
  • Triviranus B/Casasola M, “Canada’s Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program: A Practitioners Perspective of its Past and Future”, C. 4, 2003, Journal of International Migration and Integration, ss.177-202.
  • Webster E, “Non-nationals, living conditions and disability: Situating S.H.H. v. United Kingdom within Strasbourg’s Article 3 case-law”, Strasbourg Observers, February 19, 2013, <https://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/02/19/non-nationals-living-conditions-and-disability-situating-s-h-h-v-united-kingdom-within-strasbourgs-article-3-case law> (s.e.t. 20.09.2024).
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  • UNHCR, Guidelines on Policies and Procedures in dealing with Unaccompanied Children Seeking Asylum, February 1997, <https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-policies-and-procedures-dealing-unaccompanied-children-seeking-asylum> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
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Year 2024, Issue: 73, 425 - 457, 25.10.2024

Esra Yılmaz Eren

https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563

Abstract

References

  • Al Tamimi Y, “The Protection of Vulnerable Groups and Individuals by the European Court of Human Rights”, No. 5, 2016, European Journal of Human Rights, ss.561-583.
  • Arslan İ, “Türk Hukukunda Refakatsiz Çocukların Hukuki Durumu”, S. 55, 2023, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, ss.73-110.
  • Aybay R, "Bir İnsan Hakkı Sorunu Olarak Sınırdışı Edilme", C. 4, S.2, 2003, Maltepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, ss.141-172.
  • Baumgärtel M, “Facing the challenge of migratory vulnerability in the European Court of Human Rights. Netherlands” V. 38, 2020, Quarterly of Human Rights, ss.12–29.
  • Demirkol Ö, Çocuğun Korunması Bağlamında Geri Göndermeme İlkesi, Oniki Levha Yayınları, İstanbul, 2024.
  • Doğru O/Nalbant A, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi- Açıklama ve Önemli Kararlar, Avrupa Konseyi Yayınları, 1. Cilt, 2012.
  • Ekşi N, 6458 Sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu’nda İdari Gözetim, Beta Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Goodwin-Gill GS, International Law and the Movement of Persons Between States, Oxford University Press, London 1978.
  • Hailbronner K, “The Right to Asylum and the Future of Asylum Procedures in the European Community", C. 2, S. 3, 1990, International Journal of Refugee Law, ss.341-360.
  • Harris, O’Boyle&Warbrick- Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Hukuku, Çev. Mehveç Bingöllü Kılcı/Ulaş Karan, 4. Baskı, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul 2021.
  • İneli Ciğer M, “Uluslararası Hukuk ve Karşılaştırmalı Hukukta İdari Gözetime Alternatif Tedbirler”, C. 40, S. 2, 2020, Public and Private International Law Bulletin, ss.799–829.
  • Ippolito F, Understanding Vulnerability in International Human Rights Law, Editoriale Scientifica, Naples 2020.
  • İspirli Armağan M, “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Anayasa Mahkemesi İçtihadı Işığında Kişi Özgürlüğü ve Güvenliği Hakkı Bakımından İdari Gözetim Tedbirinin Cezalandırıcı Yönü”, C. 4, S. 2, 2022, Public and Private International Law Bulletin, ss.913-945.
  • Leboeuf L, “The Juridification of ‘Vulnerability’ through EU Asylum Law: The Quest for Bridging the Gap between the Law and Asylum Applicants’ Experiences”, V. 11, 2022, Laws, ss.45-63.
  • Limante A, “Protecting vulnerable groups in Europe: highlights from recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights”, V. 28, I. 4, The International Journal of Human Rights, 2024, ss.671-688.
  • McAdam J, “Seeking Asylum under the Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Case for Complementary Protection”, V. 14, N. 3, 2006, The International Journal of Children’s Rights, ss.251-274.
  • Morawa AHE “Vulnerability as a concept of International Human Rights Law”, V. 6, S. 2, 2003, Journal of International Relations and Development, ss.139-155.
  • Nifosi-Sutton I, The Protection of Vulnerable Groups under International Human Rights Law, Routledge, 2017.
  • Özbek N, “AİHM Kararları Işığında YUKK’nda İdari Gözetimin Uygulandığı Mekânlar Hakkında Ortak Sorunlar”, C. 118, 2015, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, ss.15-50.
  • Peroni L/Timmer A, “Vulnerable groups: The promise of an emerging concept in European Human Rights Convention law”, V. 11, 2013, International Journal of Constitutional Law, ss.1056-1085.
  • Stoyanova V, “The Grand Chamber Judgment in Ilias and Ahmed v Hungary: Immigration Detention and How the Ground Beneath Our Feet Continues to Erode”, Strasbourg Observers (blog), December 23, 2019. https://strasbourg.weichie.dev/2019/12/23/the-grand-chamber-judgment-in-ilias-andahmed-v-hungary-immigration-detention-and-how-the-ground-beneath-our-feet-continuesto-erode/. (s.e.t. 20.09.2024).
  • Stoyanova V, Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights-Within and Beyond Boundaries, Oxford University Press, 2023.
  • Şahbaz İ, “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Kişi Özgürlük ve Güvenliği”, S. 55, 2004, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, ss.201-225.
  • Şirin T, Özgürlük ve Güvenlik Hakkı-Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru El Kitapları Serisi- 1, Avrupa Konseyi, 2018.
  • Teksoy B, “İdari Gözetim Altına Alınan Yabancıların Elektronik ve İletişim Cihazlarının İncelenmesine İlişkin Hükmün Değerlendirilmesi, C. 75, S. 2, 2020, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, ss.517-556.
  • Triviranus B/Casasola M, “Canada’s Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program: A Practitioners Perspective of its Past and Future”, C. 4, 2003, Journal of International Migration and Integration, ss.177-202.
  • Webster E, “Non-nationals, living conditions and disability: Situating S.H.H. v. United Kingdom within Strasbourg’s Article 3 case-law”, Strasbourg Observers, February 19, 2013, <https://strasbourgobservers.com/2013/02/19/non-nationals-living-conditions-and-disability-situating-s-h-h-v-united-kingdom-within-strasbourgs-article-3-case law> (s.e.t. 20.09.2024).
  • Yalçıntaş Deli S, “Uluslararası İnsan Hakları ve Mülteci Hukuku İle 6458 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Sığınmacıların İdari Gözetimi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Özel Hukuk Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, 2020.
  • Council of Europe Action Plan on Protecting Vulnerable Persons in the Context of Migration and Asylum in Europe (2021-2025), 2021, s. 7 <https://edoc.coe.int/en/refugees/10241-council-of-europe-action-plan-on-protecting-vulnerable-persons-in-the-context-of-migration-and-asylum-in-europe-2021> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • Council of Europe Committee Of Ministers, Recommendation Rec(2003)5 of The Committee of Ministers to Member States on Measures of Detention of Asylum Seekers (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 16 April 2003 at the 837th Meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies) para. 6 <https://rm.coe.int/16805e0313> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
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  • European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Alternatives to detention for asylum seekers and people in return procedures, <https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2015/alternatives-detention-asylum-seekers-and-people-return-procedures> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • International Detention Coalition, There are Alternatives: A handbook for preventing unnecessary immigration detention (revised edition 2015) <https://idcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/There-Are-Alternatives-2015.pdf> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • International Refugee Rights Association/Global Detention Project, Joint Submission to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 93rd Sessıon, 8 – 26 May 2023, 14 April 2023, <https://umhd.org.tr/en/page/issues-relating-to-immigration-detention-of-children/514> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • OHCHR, Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, UNGA Res 43/173, 9 December 1988, <https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/body-principles-protection-all-persons-under-any-form-detention> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
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  • UNGA Res 63/184 Protection of Migrants, A/RES/63/184, 18 December 2008, para 9. <https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/ generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_63_184.pdf> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
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  • UNHCR, Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and Standards relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention, 2012, <https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2012/en/87776> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • UNHCR, Guidelines on Policies and Procedures in dealing with Unaccompanied Children Seeking Asylum, February 1997, <https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-policies-and-procedures-dealing-unaccompanied-children-seeking-asylum> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • UNHCR, Conclusion No. 59 (1989); Refugee Children and Adolescents, Conclusion No. 84 (1997); Protection of the Refugee’s Family, Conclusion No. 88 (1999); ‘Summary Note on UNHCR’s Strategy and Activities Concerning Refugee Children, 2002. <https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/578371524.pdf> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • UNHRC, General comment No. 35 Article 9 (Liberty and security of person), CCPR/C/GC/35,16 December 2014, para 18, <https://documents.un.org/doc/ undoc/gen/g14/244/51/pdf/g1424451.pdf > (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
  • UNODC, The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules) <https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Nelson_Mandela_Rules-E-ebook.pdf> (s.e.t. 20.9.2024).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section KAMU HUKUKU
Authors

Esra Yılmaz Eren 0000-0001-5422-9247

Publication Date October 25, 2024
Submission Date August 12, 2024
Acceptance Date October 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 73

Cite

APA Yılmaz Eren, E. (2024). KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ. Adalet Dergisi(73), 425-457. https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563
AMA Yılmaz Eren E. KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ. AD. October 2024;(73):425-457. doi:10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563
Chicago Yılmaz Eren, Esra. “KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ”. Adalet Dergisi, no. 73 (October 2024): 425-57. https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563.
EndNote Yılmaz Eren E (October 1, 2024) KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ. Adalet Dergisi 73 425–457.
IEEE E. Yılmaz Eren, “KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ”, AD, no. 73, pp. 425–457, October 2024, doi: 10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563.
ISNAD Yılmaz Eren, Esra. “KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ”. Adalet Dergisi 73 (October 2024), 425-457. https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563.
JAMA Yılmaz Eren E. KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ. AD. 2024;:425–457.
MLA Yılmaz Eren, Esra. “KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ”. Adalet Dergisi, no. 73, 2024, pp. 425-57, doi:10.57083/adaletdergisi.1573563.
Vancouver Yılmaz Eren E. KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ. AD. 2024(73):425-57.
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