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The Bathing Complexes of Anazarbos and the Baths of Cilicia

Year 2013, Issue: 16, 141 - 166, 01.06.2013

Emanuele Casagrande Cıccı

Abstract

The city of Anazarbos is located 60 km. northeast of modern Adana, close to a hill that rises more than 220 m. above the Çukurova plain1. Below the plain there used to stand a Roman city covering an area of 101 hectares. If we agree with Gough2, we can recognize the ancient settlement of Kyinda as Anazarbos, a site that was occupied since the 7th century B.C.3. Only very traces of the city from the pre-Roman times are preserved, but in recent years the site investigations have increased our knowledge about the Hellenistic development of Anazarbos4.

References

  • Adak-Adıbelli 2007 I. Adak-Adıbelli, “Tarsus Roma Hamamı Kazıları. Excavations at the Roman Baths in Tarsus”, Anmed 5, 2007, 144-147.
  • Adam 2006 J. P. Adam, L’arte di costruire presso i Romani (2006).
  • Alföldi 1969 E. Alföldi, “Excavations and restaurations at Anemurium (Eski Anamur), 1969”, TürkAD 18.2, 1969, 37-39.
  • Alföldi-Rosenbaum 1989 E. Alföldi-Rosenbaum, “Anemurium. A bath building of the early Christian - early Byzantine period”, in: Actes du XIe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne, Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève et Aoste 21-28 septembre 1986 (1989) 1647-1659.
  • Ambraseys 2009 N. Ambraseys, Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: a multidisciplinary study of seismicity up to 1900 (2009).
  • Aşkın 2010 E. Aşkın, “Korykos’un (Dağlık Kilikia) Hellenistik Dönemi Üzerine Gözlemler”, TÜBA-AR 2010, 77-90.
  • Bargellini 1991 P. Bargellini, “Le Terme centrali di Pompei”, in: Les thermes romains. Actes de la table ronde, Rome 11-12 novembre 1988, École française de Rome (1991) 115-128.
  • Barresi 2007 P. Barresi, “Il sofista Flavio Damiano di Efeso e la costruzione di terme-ginnasi nell’Asia Minore romana di età imperiale”, in: Arte e memoria culturale nell’età della Seconda Sofistica (2007) 137-151.
  • Başal 1993 Ş. Başal, Antik Silifke ve Çevresi (1993).
  • Bean 1979 G. E. Bean, Turkey’s Southern Shore (1979).
  • Borgia – Spanu 2003 E. Borgia – M. Spanu, “Le Terme del Porto”, in: E. Equini Schneider (a cura di), Elaiussa Sebaste II. Un porto tra Oriente e Occidente (2003) 247-335.
  • De Giorgi 2011 U. De Giorgi, “Hellenistic Founders, Roman Builders: Anazarbos in Cilicia”, in: Hellenismus in der Kilikia Pedias, Bericht zum Internationalen Kolloquium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Berlin am 13. und 14. Februar 2009, BYZAS 14, 2011, 121-136.
  • Erdemgil – Özoral 1975 S. Erdemgil – F. Özoral, “Antiochia ad Cragum”, TürkAD XXII, 1975, 55-65.
  • Eschebach 1982 H. Eschebach, “La documentazione delle Terme del Foro a Pompei”, in: La regione sotterrata dal Vesuvio. Studi e prospettive. Atti del Convegno internazionale 11-15 novembre 1979, Napoli (1982) 313-319.
  • Farrington 1987 A. Farrington, “Imperial Bath Buildings in South-West Asia Minor”, in: S. Macready – F. H. Thompson (eds.), Roman Architecture in the Greek World (1987) 50-59.
  • Farrington 1995 A. Farrington, The Roman Baths of Lycia: an architectural study (1995).
  • Gallo 1991 P. Gallo, Terme e Bagni in Pompei antica (1991).
  • Gough 1952 M. Gough, “Anazarbus”, AnatSt 2, 1952, 85-150.
  • Hild – Hellenkemper 1990 F. Hild – H. Hellenkemper, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 5. Kilikien und Isaurien (1990).
  • Hill 1900 G. F. Hill, British Museum Catalogue of Greek Coins of Lycaonia, Isauria and Cilicia (1900).
  • Hoff – Townsend – Erdoğmuş et al. 2009
  • M. Hoff – R. Townsend – E. Erdoğmuş et al., “The Antiocheia ad Cragum Archaeological Research Project. Northeast Temple 2007 Season”, AST 26.2, 2009, 95-102.
  • Hoff – Townsend – Erdoğmuş et al. 2010 M. Hoff – R. Townsend – E. Erdoğmuş et al., “Antiocheia ad Cragum Arkeolojik Araştırma Projesi. Kuzeydoğu Tapınağı 2009 Sezonu”, Anmed 8, 2010, 9-13.
  • Huber 1993 G. Huber, “Syedra”, Anzeiger der Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 129.1992, 1993, 27-78.
  • Huber 2003 G. Huber, “Weiteres zu Syedra”, Anzeiger der Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 138.2003, 2003, 148-165.
  • Karamut 1996 I. Karamut, “1995 yılı Syedra Antik Kenti Çevre Düzenleme ve Kurtarma Kazısı Çalışmaları”, MüzeKKS VII (1997) 49-56.
  • Mietke 1999 G. Mietke, “Die Apostelkirche von Anazarbos und Syrien”, Olba 2, 1999, 227-239.
  • Posamentir 2011a R. Posamentir, “Anazarbos in Late Antiquity”, in: O. Dally – C. Ratté (eds.), Archaeology and the cities of Asia Minor in late antiquity (2012) 205-224.
  • Posamentir 2011b R. Posamentir, “Anazarbos im Hellenismus”, in: Hellenismus in der Kilikia Pedias, Bericht zum Internationalen Kolloquium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Berlin am 13. und 14. Februar 2009, BYZAS 14, 2011, 97-120.
  • Posamentir – Sayar 2006 R. Posamentir – M. H. Sayar, “Anazarbos: ein Zwischenbericht aus der Metropole des Ebenen Kilikien”, IstMitt 56, 2006, 317-357.
  • Ricci 1990 A. Ricci, “Alcune annotazioni sull’impianto difensivo di epoca pre-armena di Anazarbus (Cilicia)”, in: Milion, Studi e ricerche d’Arte Bizantina, vol. II: Costantinopoli e l’Arte delle province Orientali (1990) 457-464.
  • Rosenbaum – Huber – Onurkan 1967 E. Rosenbaum – G. Huber – S. Onurkan, “A survey of coastal cities in western Cilicia. Preliminary report” (1967).
  • Russell 1975 J. Russell, “Excavations at Anemurium (Eski Anamur) 1973”, TürkAD XXII, 1975, 133-154.
  • Russell 1982 J. Russell, “Byzantine instrumenta domestica from Anemurium. The significance of context”, in: R. L. Hohlfelder (ed.), City, town and countryside in the early Byzantine era (1982) 133-154.
  • Russell 1986 J. Russell, “Excavations at Anemurium (Eski Anamur), 1985”, Echos du Monde Classique 5, 1986, 173-183.
  • Sayar 1991 M. H. Sayar, “Equites Singulares Augusti in neuen inschriften aus Anazarbos”, EpigAnat 17, 1991, 19-38.
  • Sayar 2000 M. H. Sayar, Die Inschriften von Anazarbos und Umgebung (2000).
  • Scherrer 2000 P. Scherrer, Ephesus: The New guide (2000).
  • Spanu 1999 M. Spanu, “Le terme in opus mixtum”, in E. Equini Schneider (ed.), Elaiussa Sebaste I. Campagne di scavo 1995-1997 (1999) 103-114.
  • Spanu 2010 M. Spanu, “Tecniche costruttive nella Cilicia di età imperiale. Lineamenti generali”, in: Arqueología de la construcción, 2. Los procesos constructivos en el mundo romano. Italia y provincias orientales. Certosa di Pontignano, Siena, 13-15 de noviembre de 2008 (2010) 397-409.
  • Tekocak 2008 M. Tekocak, “Kelenderis Liman Hamamı”, Olba 16, 2008, 133-161.
  • Türkmen – Karamut 1997 S. Türkmen – I. Karamut, “Dağlık Kilikya’da Bir Kent. Iotape”, TürkAD 31, 1997, 291-305.
  • Umar 2000 B. Umar, Kilikia: bir tarihsel coğrafya araştırması ve gezi rehberi (2000).
  • Verzone 1957a P. Verzone, “Hierapolis-Castabala”, Palladio 7, 1957, 54-57.
  • Verzone 1957b P. Verzone, “Anazarbus”, Palladio 7, 1957, 9-25.
  • Yegül 1986 F. K. Yegül, “The Baths-Gymnasium Complex at Sardis”, in Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, Report 3 (1986).
  • Yegül 1992 F. K. Yegül, Baths and bathing in Classical Antiquity (1992).
  • Yegül 2010 F. K. Yegül, Bathing in the Roman World (2010).
  • Zeyrek 2011 T. H. Zeyrek, “Kastabala-Hierapolis Kazısı 2009-2010. Excavations at KastabalaHierapolis in 2009-2010”, Anmed 9, 2011, 25-28.
  • Ziegler 1993 R. Ziegler, Kaiser, Heer und Städtisches Geld (1993).

The Bathing Complexes of Anazarbos and the Baths of Cilicia

Year 2013, Issue: 16, 141 - 166, 01.06.2013

Emanuele Casagrande Cıccı

Abstract

References

  • Adak-Adıbelli 2007 I. Adak-Adıbelli, “Tarsus Roma Hamamı Kazıları. Excavations at the Roman Baths in Tarsus”, Anmed 5, 2007, 144-147.
  • Adam 2006 J. P. Adam, L’arte di costruire presso i Romani (2006).
  • Alföldi 1969 E. Alföldi, “Excavations and restaurations at Anemurium (Eski Anamur), 1969”, TürkAD 18.2, 1969, 37-39.
  • Alföldi-Rosenbaum 1989 E. Alföldi-Rosenbaum, “Anemurium. A bath building of the early Christian - early Byzantine period”, in: Actes du XIe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne, Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève et Aoste 21-28 septembre 1986 (1989) 1647-1659.
  • Ambraseys 2009 N. Ambraseys, Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: a multidisciplinary study of seismicity up to 1900 (2009).
  • Aşkın 2010 E. Aşkın, “Korykos’un (Dağlık Kilikia) Hellenistik Dönemi Üzerine Gözlemler”, TÜBA-AR 2010, 77-90.
  • Bargellini 1991 P. Bargellini, “Le Terme centrali di Pompei”, in: Les thermes romains. Actes de la table ronde, Rome 11-12 novembre 1988, École française de Rome (1991) 115-128.
  • Barresi 2007 P. Barresi, “Il sofista Flavio Damiano di Efeso e la costruzione di terme-ginnasi nell’Asia Minore romana di età imperiale”, in: Arte e memoria culturale nell’età della Seconda Sofistica (2007) 137-151.
  • Başal 1993 Ş. Başal, Antik Silifke ve Çevresi (1993).
  • Bean 1979 G. E. Bean, Turkey’s Southern Shore (1979).
  • Borgia – Spanu 2003 E. Borgia – M. Spanu, “Le Terme del Porto”, in: E. Equini Schneider (a cura di), Elaiussa Sebaste II. Un porto tra Oriente e Occidente (2003) 247-335.
  • De Giorgi 2011 U. De Giorgi, “Hellenistic Founders, Roman Builders: Anazarbos in Cilicia”, in: Hellenismus in der Kilikia Pedias, Bericht zum Internationalen Kolloquium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Berlin am 13. und 14. Februar 2009, BYZAS 14, 2011, 121-136.
  • Erdemgil – Özoral 1975 S. Erdemgil – F. Özoral, “Antiochia ad Cragum”, TürkAD XXII, 1975, 55-65.
  • Eschebach 1982 H. Eschebach, “La documentazione delle Terme del Foro a Pompei”, in: La regione sotterrata dal Vesuvio. Studi e prospettive. Atti del Convegno internazionale 11-15 novembre 1979, Napoli (1982) 313-319.
  • Farrington 1987 A. Farrington, “Imperial Bath Buildings in South-West Asia Minor”, in: S. Macready – F. H. Thompson (eds.), Roman Architecture in the Greek World (1987) 50-59.
  • Farrington 1995 A. Farrington, The Roman Baths of Lycia: an architectural study (1995).
  • Gallo 1991 P. Gallo, Terme e Bagni in Pompei antica (1991).
  • Gough 1952 M. Gough, “Anazarbus”, AnatSt 2, 1952, 85-150.
  • Hild – Hellenkemper 1990 F. Hild – H. Hellenkemper, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 5. Kilikien und Isaurien (1990).
  • Hill 1900 G. F. Hill, British Museum Catalogue of Greek Coins of Lycaonia, Isauria and Cilicia (1900).
  • Hoff – Townsend – Erdoğmuş et al. 2009
  • M. Hoff – R. Townsend – E. Erdoğmuş et al., “The Antiocheia ad Cragum Archaeological Research Project. Northeast Temple 2007 Season”, AST 26.2, 2009, 95-102.
  • Hoff – Townsend – Erdoğmuş et al. 2010 M. Hoff – R. Townsend – E. Erdoğmuş et al., “Antiocheia ad Cragum Arkeolojik Araştırma Projesi. Kuzeydoğu Tapınağı 2009 Sezonu”, Anmed 8, 2010, 9-13.
  • Huber 1993 G. Huber, “Syedra”, Anzeiger der Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 129.1992, 1993, 27-78.
  • Huber 2003 G. Huber, “Weiteres zu Syedra”, Anzeiger der Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 138.2003, 2003, 148-165.
  • Karamut 1996 I. Karamut, “1995 yılı Syedra Antik Kenti Çevre Düzenleme ve Kurtarma Kazısı Çalışmaları”, MüzeKKS VII (1997) 49-56.
  • Mietke 1999 G. Mietke, “Die Apostelkirche von Anazarbos und Syrien”, Olba 2, 1999, 227-239.
  • Posamentir 2011a R. Posamentir, “Anazarbos in Late Antiquity”, in: O. Dally – C. Ratté (eds.), Archaeology and the cities of Asia Minor in late antiquity (2012) 205-224.
  • Posamentir 2011b R. Posamentir, “Anazarbos im Hellenismus”, in: Hellenismus in der Kilikia Pedias, Bericht zum Internationalen Kolloquium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Berlin am 13. und 14. Februar 2009, BYZAS 14, 2011, 97-120.
  • Posamentir – Sayar 2006 R. Posamentir – M. H. Sayar, “Anazarbos: ein Zwischenbericht aus der Metropole des Ebenen Kilikien”, IstMitt 56, 2006, 317-357.
  • Ricci 1990 A. Ricci, “Alcune annotazioni sull’impianto difensivo di epoca pre-armena di Anazarbus (Cilicia)”, in: Milion, Studi e ricerche d’Arte Bizantina, vol. II: Costantinopoli e l’Arte delle province Orientali (1990) 457-464.
  • Rosenbaum – Huber – Onurkan 1967 E. Rosenbaum – G. Huber – S. Onurkan, “A survey of coastal cities in western Cilicia. Preliminary report” (1967).
  • Russell 1975 J. Russell, “Excavations at Anemurium (Eski Anamur) 1973”, TürkAD XXII, 1975, 133-154.
  • Russell 1982 J. Russell, “Byzantine instrumenta domestica from Anemurium. The significance of context”, in: R. L. Hohlfelder (ed.), City, town and countryside in the early Byzantine era (1982) 133-154.
  • Russell 1986 J. Russell, “Excavations at Anemurium (Eski Anamur), 1985”, Echos du Monde Classique 5, 1986, 173-183.
  • Sayar 1991 M. H. Sayar, “Equites Singulares Augusti in neuen inschriften aus Anazarbos”, EpigAnat 17, 1991, 19-38.
  • Sayar 2000 M. H. Sayar, Die Inschriften von Anazarbos und Umgebung (2000).
  • Scherrer 2000 P. Scherrer, Ephesus: The New guide (2000).
  • Spanu 1999 M. Spanu, “Le terme in opus mixtum”, in E. Equini Schneider (ed.), Elaiussa Sebaste I. Campagne di scavo 1995-1997 (1999) 103-114.
  • Spanu 2010 M. Spanu, “Tecniche costruttive nella Cilicia di età imperiale. Lineamenti generali”, in: Arqueología de la construcción, 2. Los procesos constructivos en el mundo romano. Italia y provincias orientales. Certosa di Pontignano, Siena, 13-15 de noviembre de 2008 (2010) 397-409.
  • Tekocak 2008 M. Tekocak, “Kelenderis Liman Hamamı”, Olba 16, 2008, 133-161.
  • Türkmen – Karamut 1997 S. Türkmen – I. Karamut, “Dağlık Kilikya’da Bir Kent. Iotape”, TürkAD 31, 1997, 291-305.
  • Umar 2000 B. Umar, Kilikia: bir tarihsel coğrafya araştırması ve gezi rehberi (2000).
  • Verzone 1957a P. Verzone, “Hierapolis-Castabala”, Palladio 7, 1957, 54-57.
  • Verzone 1957b P. Verzone, “Anazarbus”, Palladio 7, 1957, 9-25.
  • Yegül 1986 F. K. Yegül, “The Baths-Gymnasium Complex at Sardis”, in Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, Report 3 (1986).
  • Yegül 1992 F. K. Yegül, Baths and bathing in Classical Antiquity (1992).
  • Yegül 2010 F. K. Yegül, Bathing in the Roman World (2010).
  • Zeyrek 2011 T. H. Zeyrek, “Kastabala-Hierapolis Kazısı 2009-2010. Excavations at KastabalaHierapolis in 2009-2010”, Anmed 9, 2011, 25-28.
  • Ziegler 1993 R. Ziegler, Kaiser, Heer und Städtisches Geld (1993).
There are 50 citations in total.

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Primary Language English
Authors

Emanuele Casagrande Cıccı This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 16

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Chicago Casagrande Cıccı, Emanuele. “The Bathing Complexes of Anazarbos and the Baths of Cilicia”. Adalya, no. 16 (June 2013): 141-66.

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