The Diplomatic and Strategic Maneuvers of Tissaphernes, Satrap of Sardis

Abstract

Tissaphernes, son of Hydarnes and one of the Seven who with Darius I were the founders of the new Persian dynasty, apparently had his first official contact with Ionia and the Greeks during the revolt of Pissuthnes in 420-412 B.C. Due to the insufficiency of evidence, the reasons which led to the rebellion of Pissuthnes, son of Hystaspes, grandson of Darius I Thuc. I.115 , and satrap of Sardis along with his illegitimate son Amorges, today remain obscure. According to the narrative of Ctesias of Cnidus FGrHist III C 1 688 F 15 53 = Phot. Bib. 72. 41b38-43b2 , King Darius II Ochus 424-405 B.C. sent Tissaphernes, Spithradates, and Parmises to suppress this revolt. Pissuthnes, with the Greeks commanded by an Athenian named Lycon, showed great resistance to them. The generals of the king drew Lycon to their side by bribing him and separated him from Pissuthnes. Within a short time Pissuthnes was delivered, and accompanied by Tissaphernes, he was brought before the king. By the king’s decree he was killed by being thrown into ashes, and Tissaphernes, as a result of his noteworthy success in this task, was given the satrapy of Sardis

Bir Sardis Satrabı’nın Diplomatik ve Stratejik Manevraları: Tissaphernes

Abstract

Tissaphernes’e ilişkin sınırlı sayıda çalışmalar olmakla birlikte, cursus honorum’undaki kariyer icraatları sayesinde Pers kralı II. Dareios ile II. Artakserkses’in dönemin satraplarına nadiren tanıdıkları büyük yetkilerle donatılmasındaki askeri, idari ve diplomatik başarıları; üst mertebeden alt statüye ve sonunu ölüme sürükleyen taktiksel hataları ile politik başarısızlıkları üzerinde durulmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu makalede Tissaphernes’in askeri diplomasisi ve stratejisi ortaya konulmaya ve bu perspektifte Batı Anadolu’daki önemli tarihsel olaylar yeniden ele alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Tissaphernes hakkında rasyonel bir değerlendirmenin önündeki aşılmaz engel, satraba ilişkin bilgilerin sadece Hellen antik yazarların başka kültürleri oldukları gibi değil; kendi algıları doğrultusunda duyumsayıp alımlayarak çizdikleri aktarımlarıyla sınırlı kalmasıdır. Bu nedenle konuya ilişkin bütün veriler derlenip büyük titizlikle analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır

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