A New Athena Polias Votive Inscription from the Phaselis’ Acropolis

Year 2015, Issue: 18, 117 - 132, 01.06.2015

Nihal Tüner Önen Fatih Yılmaz

Abstract

This article presents a newly discovered votive inscription found during the course of the 2013 survey conducted at the ancient city of Phaselis and in its territory1. The inscription was found where the stairs to the acropolis from the southwest of the theatre end, in front of the west wall of the tower structure give access to the acropolis Fig. 1b-2 . This inscription in the Doric dialect, on a limestone block measuring 0.315 x 0.77 x 0.61 m., records a dedication to Athena Polias. The letters 0.03 m. high, exhibit Late Archaic - Early Classical Period features - - - - and, consequently the inscription can be dated to the Vth century B.C.

Phaselis Akropolisinden Athena Polias’a Yeni Bir Adak Yazıtı

Abstract

Bu makale, Phaselis antik kenti ve teritoryumunda sürdürülen 2013 yılı yüzey araştırmaları sırasında tiyatronun hemen güneybatısından akropolise girişin sağlandığı alandaki kule yapısının batı duvarı önünde keşfedilen yeni bir adak yazıtını tanıtmaktadır. Kentin baş tanrıçası Athena Polias için adanan söz konusu yazıt Dor diyalektindedir ve harf karakterlerinin Geç Arkaik - Erken Klasik Dönem özellikleri göstermesi nedeniyle M.Ö. V. yy.’a tarihlendirilmiştir: “Khrysias oğlu Euphanes servetinin ondabirlik adağını Athena Polias’a dua ederek adadı .” Athena en eski dönemlerden itibaren özellikle Ege Adaları’nda ve Hellas’ta kentlerin, kurumların ve mitolojik kahramanların koruyucusu olarak tapınım görmüş ve bu fonksiyonunu farklı şekillerde göstermiştir. Athena’nın kentleri koruyucu rolüyle bağlantılı en klasik efsane kuşkusuz Troia Savaşı’nda, Troia’nın ele geçirilip savaşın kaybedilmesine neden olan Palladion heykeline ilişkindir. Bu kapsamda kent Akhalar kaşısında büyük bir direniş göstermiş, ancak koruyucu tılsımı olan Athena’nın Palladion heykelinin Odysseus ve Diomedes tarafından çalınmasının ardından savaşı kaybetmiştir. Bunun yanında Athena sıklıkla anıldığı Polias Πολιάς , Polioukhos Πολιοῦχος ve Atina kentinin Attika-Delos Deniz Birliği’ni kurarak bir imparatorluğa dönüştüğü dönemde dini bir propaganda aracı olarak kullandığı Atinalıların koruyucusu Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνῶν μεδέουσα epithetonları tanrıçanın kentlerin koruyucusu olarak algılandığını net bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle Arkaik ve Klasik dönemlerde Zeus ve Apollon ile beraber siyasal anlamda en önemli tanrılar arasında yer alan Athena’nın bu yönünü en yaygın olarak yansıtan epithetonu ise Poliastır. Söz konusu epithetonun her daim akropolisi işaret etmesi nedeniyle, tapım gördüğü kentlerin akropolisinde genellikle bir tapınağı bulunur. Bu bağlamda tanrıça her daim akropolisteki önemli tanrılar arasında yer alırken, sıklıkla da baş tanrıça konumundadır.

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