During the excavations at the Church of St. Nicholas in the Demre district of Antalya Province under the direction of Prof. Dr. Yıldız Ötüken, burials were uncovered about 1-1.50 m. beneath the surface. Thought to date to the Ottoman period, possibly from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, a Greek cemetery was uncovered east and north-east of the church. Some skeletons were uncovered with remains of textiles while others had round silver objects. The textiles are badly preserved and include fragments of a shalwar baggy trousers and a kaftan. The kaftan is embroidered with floral compositions together with cross motifs. Our research identified parallels to the costumes and silver jewelry at the island of Kastellorizo offshore from Kaş. Some of the Greek population of Demre migrated to that island in the course of the great population exchange of 1923. It is further known that the Greeks of the island and the Greeks of Demre had close connections through the Church of St. Nicholas. Therefore, it was inevitable that a common culture and traditions developed because of their strong geographic, religious and ethnic relationships. As of 2012, our research concentrated on the island of Kastellorizo. Regular weekend excursions during the summer months allowed us to collect data on the socio-cultural, religious and economic relations between the Greeks of Demre and Kastellorizo that has gone since the Ottoman period. This article presents the gouna costume with embroidery and the boucla jewelry worn by the women of the island, and has attempted to assess the connections between the two Greek communities through the evidence derived from the cemetery and burial traditions.
Antalya İli sınırları içindeki antik Myra kenti modern Demre İ.S. 5-15. yy.’lar arasında Likya Bölgesi’nin metropolisidir. Kent, Patara’da doğduğu ve 4. yy.’da Myra’da piskoposluk yaptığı bilinen Aziz Nikolaos sayesinde önem kazanmıştır1. Ölümünden sonra 5. yy.’da azizin adına bir kilise ve mezar yapısı inşa edilmiş; 6. yy.’dan itibaren Kudüs yolu üzerindeki mezarı önemli bir ziyaret yeri olmuştur2. Ortaçağ’da Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi’nin çevresindeki yapılarla birlikte bir manastırın parçası olduğu, kilisenin batı avlusundaki bir kitabe ile belgelenir3. Myra kenti ve kilise 7. yy.’dan 11. yy.’ın ortalarına kadar süren Arap akınlarının yanı sıra, deprem ve sel gibi doğal afetlerle tahrip olmuştur. 1071 yılındaki Malazgirt Savaşı’ndan sonra Türkler bölgeye yerleşmeye başlamış; 1207’de Antalya’nın ardından kent, tamamen Türkler tarafından fethedilmiştir4. Tarihi kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, olasılıkla 13. yy.’ın ikinci yarısında veya Geç Ortaçağ’da, yerleşimi kuzeyden çevreleyen Myros Çayı’nın taşması sonucu kilise galeri seviyesine kadar alüvyon toprakla dolmuş ve bu tarihten sonra kullanılmaz olmuştur5. 1383-1394 yılları arasında Myra’nın adı bilinen son metropoliti Matthaios’tur6; 15. yy.’da ise kentin adı piskoposluk listelerinden silinmiştir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 1, 2015 |
Published in Issue | Year 2015 Issue: 18 |
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