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Rusya Ukrayna Savaşının Borsa İstanbul Sektörüne Etkileri: Olay Çalışması Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 33 - 58, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1440468

Abstract

Savaş, jeopolitik riskler, doğal afet gibi olaylarda yatırımcılar, algıladıkları riskten kaçınma refleksi gösterir. 24 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Rusya tarafından “özel bir operasyon” açıklaması sonrası başlatılan savaşta da küresel yatırımcılar, riskten kaçınma yaklaşımı ile borsa pozisyonlarında değişikliğe gitmişlerdir. Bu sebeple Rusya-Ukrayna savaşının, Türkiye’nin Rusya ve Ukrayna ile ticari faaliyetlerinde diğer sektörlere göre yüksek ticari hacme sahip olan BİST Enerji, BİST Gıda, İçecek ve BİST Turizm Sektörel Endekslerinde yer alan firmaların getirileri üzerinde etkisinin varlığını belirlemek amacıyla Olay Çalışması (Event Study) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, sektörlerde en geniş etkinlik süresini ifade eden 41 ve 31 günlük ([-21, 20], [-15, 15]) etkinlik pencerelerinde, sektörlerde yer alan firmaların kümülatif ortalama anormal getirilerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her bir sektör için kümülatif ortalama anormal getirilerdeki anlamlı negatif ilişki, etkinlik öncesi dönemler olan [-20, 0] ve [-15, 0] etkinlik penceresinde de tespit edilmiştir. Etkinlik sonrası dönemde BİST Gıda, İçecek ve BİST Turizm sektörlerinde kümülatif ortalama anormal getirilerin pozitif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Olay gününe kadar getirilerde yaşanan düşüşün, olay sonrasında devam etmemesinin savaş öncesi, savaşa ilişkin yapılan hazırlıklara yatırımcıların tepkisinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Savaş sonrası dönemde CAAR değerlerindeki negatif etkinin pozitife dönmesi ise, savaş sebebiyle yalnızlaşan Rusya’ya, Türkiye’nin yapıcı tutumu ve arabulucu pozisyonu nedeniyle Türkiye için ticari avantaja dönüşebileceği beklentisinden kaynaklanıyor olabilir.

Ethical Statement

We declare that ethical rules were followed during the preparation of this study.

References

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  • Berkman, H., & Jacobsen, B. (2006). War, Peace and Stock Markets. EFA 2006 Zurich Meetings. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=885980 [27.12.2023].
  • Boungou, W., & Yatié, A. (2022). The Impact of the Ukraine–Russia War on World Stock Market Returns. Economics Letters, 215, 110516.
  • Bowman, R. G. (1983). Understanding and Conducting Event Studies. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 10(4), 561–584.
  • Brenner, M. (1979). The sensitivity of the Efficient Market Hypothesis to Alternative Specifications of the Market Model. The Journal of Finance, 34(4), 915–929.
  • Cam, M. (2008). The Impact of Terrorism on United States Industries. Economic Papers: A jJournal of Applied Economics and Policy, 27(2), 115–134.
  • Chowdhury, E. K., & Khan, I. I. (2023). Reactions of Global Stock Markets to the Russia–Ukraine War: An Empirical Evidence. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 1–24.
  • Cowan, A. R. (1992). Nonparametric Event Study Tests. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2, 343–358.
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı- ÇSGB. (2011). https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/6005/2011_48.pdf [12.12.2023].
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  • Fama, E. F. (1998). Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance. Journal of Financial Economics, 49(3), 283–306.
  • Grant, J., Arita, S., Xie, C., & Sydow, S. (2023). Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: The War’s Initial Impacts on Agricultural Trade. Choices, 38(2), 1–13.
  • Hamulczuk, M., Pawlak, K., Stefańczyk, J., & Gołębiewski, J. (2023). Agri-Food Supply and Retail Food Prices during the Russia–Ukraine Conflict’s Early Stage: Implications for Food Security. Agriculture, 13(11), 2154.
  • Inacio Jr, C. M. C., Kristoufek, L., & David, S. A. (2023). Assessing the Impact of the Russia–Ukraine War on Energy Prices: A Dynamic Cross-Correlation Analysis. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 626, 129084.
  • Jones, S. G., Doxsee, C., Katz, B., McQueen, E., & Moye, J. (2021). Russia’s Corporate Soldiers: The Global Expansion of Russia’s Private Military Companies (pp. 23–30). Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep33747.6 [12.12.2023].
  • Kumari, V., Kumar, G., & Pandey, D. K. (2023). Are the European Union Stock Markets Vulnerable to the Russia–Ukraine War? Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 37, 100793.
  • Leigh, A., Wolfers, J., & Zitzewitz, E. (2003). What do Financial Markets Think of War in Iraq? National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
  • Martins, A. M., Correia, P., & Cró, S. (2023). Stock Market Reaction to the Military Conflict between Russia and Ukraine: An Event Study for the European Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Journal of Applied Economics, 26(1), 2261756.
  • Mutan, O. C., & Topcu, A. (2009). Türkiye Hisse Senedi Piyasasının 1990-2009 Tarihleri Arasında Yaşanan Beklenmedik Olaylara Tepkisi. Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Raporu, 1–19.
  • Ncube, M., Sibanda, M., & Matenda, F. R. (2023). COVID-19 Pandemic and Stock Performance: Evidence from the Sub-Saharan African Stock Markets. Economies, 11(3), 1-21.
  • Nerlinger, M., & Utz, S. (2022). The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on Energy Firms: A Capital Market Perspective. Finance Research Letters, 50, 103243.
  • Obi, P., Waweru, F., & Nyangu, M. (2023). An Event Study on the Reaction of Equity and Commodity Markets to the Onset of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(5), 256.
  • Oral, İ. O., Çakıcı, A., Yıldız, F., & Alayoubi, M. (2023). Determinants of Food Price in Turkey: A Structural VAR Approach. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1), 2247169.
  • Oyadeyi, O. O., Arogundade, S., & Biyase, M. (2024). How did African Stock Markets React to the Russia-Ukraine Crisis “Black-Swan” Event? Empirical Insights from Event Study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13.
  • Ölmez, U., & Ekinci, A. A. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Salgınının Hisse Senedi Piyasasına Etkisi: BİST 100 Örneği. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı), 225–239.
  • Özçalık, S. G., & Eren, B. S. (2022). COVID-19 (Koronavirüs) Pandemisinin Turizm Endeksleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Olay Çalışması. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 136–150.
  • Pandey, D. K., & Kumar, R. (2023). Russia-Ukraine War and the Global Tourism Sector: A 13-Day Tale. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(5), 692–700.
  • Sakınç, İ., & Açıkalın, S. (2022). COVID-19’un Avrupa Futbol Kulüplerinin Hisse Senedi Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Olay Çalışması Analizi. Fiscaoeconomia, 6(2), 783–807.
  • Salameh, H., & Albahsh, R. (2011). Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis at the Semi Strong Level in Palestine Stock Exchange–Event Study of the Mandatory Disclosure. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 69, 45-50.
  • Sun, M., & Zhang, C. (2023). Comprehensive Analysis of Global Stock Market Reactions to the Russia-Ukraine War. Applied Economics Letters, 30(18), 2673–2680.
  • Şahin, E., Konak, F., & Karaca, S. S. (2017). Türkiye ve Rusya Arasındaki “Uçak Krizinin” Borsa İstanbul Gıda, İçecek ve Turizm Endeksleri Üzerine Etkisi. Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(3), 473–485.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2023). Rusya Federasyonu Ülke Raporu. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5bcc5d4813b876034cfece26/RF%20%C3%9CLKE%20RAPORU%20%20-%202023.pdf [26.12.2023].
  • Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği - TÜRSAB. (2023). https://www.tursab.org.tr/e-dergi?pdf=/assets/assets/uploads/dunya-turizm-istatistik/2022-yilsonu-degerlendirmesi.pdf [25.12.2023].
  • Umar, M., Riaz, Y., & Yousaf, I. (2022). Impact of Russian-Ukraine War on Clean Energy, Conventional Energy, and Metal Markets: Evidence from Event Study Approach. Resources Policy, 79, 102966.
  • Woon, W. S. (2004). Introduction to the Event Study Methodology. Singapore Management University, 4(7), 1–12.
  • Yılmaz, Y., & Elmas, B. (2019). Türkiye’de 2016 Yılında Gerçekleştirilen Bazı Terör Saldırılarının Hisse Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkisi: BIST’te Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(4), 1737–1749.
  • Yürük, M. F. (2022). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının Borsa İstanbul BİST 100 Endeksine Etkisinin Olay Çalışması ile Analizi. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics, 17(3), 869-881.
  • Zaremba, A., Cakici, N., Demir, E., & Long, H. (2022). When Bad News is Good News: Geopolitical Risk and the Cross-Section of Emerging Market Stock Returns. Journal of Financial Stability, 58, 100964.

Effects of the Russia-Ukraine War on Borsa Istanbul Sector: Event Study Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 33 - 58, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1440468

Abstract

In events such as war, geopolitical risks, and natural disasters, investors show a reflex to avoid the risks they perceive. In the war that started after Russia announced a "special operation" on February 24, 2023, global investors changed their stock market positions with a risk aversion approach. For this reason, an Event Study was conducted to determine the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the returns of companies included in BIST Energy, BIST Food, Grocery and BIST Tourism Sectoral Indices, which have a higher commercial volume in Turkey's commercial activities with Russia and Ukraine compared to other sectors. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the cumulative average abnormal returns of the companies in the sectors were statistically significantly negative in the 41 and 31-day ([-21, 20], [-15, 15]) activity windows, which represent the widest activity period in the sectors. The significant negative relationship in the cumulative average abnormal returns for each sector was also detected in the [-20, 0] and [-15, 0] event window, which are the pre-event periods. It was determined that cumulative average abnormal returns were positive in the BIST Food, Food and BIST Tourism sectors in the post-event period. It is thought that the reason why the decrease in returns experienced until the day of the event did not continue after the event is due to the reaction of investors to the preparations made for the war before the war. The fact that the negative effect on CAAR values turned positive in the post-war period may be due to the expectation that Russia, which was isolated due to the war, could turn into a commercial advantage for Turkey, because of Turkey's constructive attitude and mediator position.Key Words: Russia-Ukraine War, Event Study, Borsa Istanbul

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanması sırasında etik kurallara uyulduğunu beyan ederiz.

References

  • ABD Enerji Bilgi İdaresi - Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2013). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/country/RUS/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=none&l=249--197&s=94694400000&e=1672531200000 [27.12.2023].
  • Battır, O., & Yiğittepe, L. (2023). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşında Yaptırımlar ve Enerji Güvenliği; Karşılıklı Ekonomik Bağımlılıklar Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 30(3), 549–573.
  • Berkman, H., & Jacobsen, B. (2006). War, Peace and Stock Markets. EFA 2006 Zurich Meetings. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=885980 [27.12.2023].
  • Boungou, W., & Yatié, A. (2022). The Impact of the Ukraine–Russia War on World Stock Market Returns. Economics Letters, 215, 110516.
  • Bowman, R. G. (1983). Understanding and Conducting Event Studies. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 10(4), 561–584.
  • Brenner, M. (1979). The sensitivity of the Efficient Market Hypothesis to Alternative Specifications of the Market Model. The Journal of Finance, 34(4), 915–929.
  • Cam, M. (2008). The Impact of Terrorism on United States Industries. Economic Papers: A jJournal of Applied Economics and Policy, 27(2), 115–134.
  • Chowdhury, E. K., & Khan, I. I. (2023). Reactions of Global Stock Markets to the Russia–Ukraine War: An Empirical Evidence. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 1–24.
  • Cowan, A. R. (1992). Nonparametric Event Study Tests. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2, 343–358.
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı- ÇSGB. (2011). https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/6005/2011_48.pdf [12.12.2023].
  • Fama, E. F. (1991). Efficient Capital Markets: II. The Journal Of Finance, The Journal of Finance, 46(5), 1575-1617.
  • Fama, E. F. (1998). Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance. Journal of Financial Economics, 49(3), 283–306.
  • Grant, J., Arita, S., Xie, C., & Sydow, S. (2023). Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: The War’s Initial Impacts on Agricultural Trade. Choices, 38(2), 1–13.
  • Hamulczuk, M., Pawlak, K., Stefańczyk, J., & Gołębiewski, J. (2023). Agri-Food Supply and Retail Food Prices during the Russia–Ukraine Conflict’s Early Stage: Implications for Food Security. Agriculture, 13(11), 2154.
  • Inacio Jr, C. M. C., Kristoufek, L., & David, S. A. (2023). Assessing the Impact of the Russia–Ukraine War on Energy Prices: A Dynamic Cross-Correlation Analysis. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 626, 129084.
  • Jones, S. G., Doxsee, C., Katz, B., McQueen, E., & Moye, J. (2021). Russia’s Corporate Soldiers: The Global Expansion of Russia’s Private Military Companies (pp. 23–30). Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep33747.6 [12.12.2023].
  • Kumari, V., Kumar, G., & Pandey, D. K. (2023). Are the European Union Stock Markets Vulnerable to the Russia–Ukraine War? Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 37, 100793.
  • Leigh, A., Wolfers, J., & Zitzewitz, E. (2003). What do Financial Markets Think of War in Iraq? National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
  • Martins, A. M., Correia, P., & Cró, S. (2023). Stock Market Reaction to the Military Conflict between Russia and Ukraine: An Event Study for the European Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Journal of Applied Economics, 26(1), 2261756.
  • Mutan, O. C., & Topcu, A. (2009). Türkiye Hisse Senedi Piyasasının 1990-2009 Tarihleri Arasında Yaşanan Beklenmedik Olaylara Tepkisi. Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Raporu, 1–19.
  • Ncube, M., Sibanda, M., & Matenda, F. R. (2023). COVID-19 Pandemic and Stock Performance: Evidence from the Sub-Saharan African Stock Markets. Economies, 11(3), 1-21.
  • Nerlinger, M., & Utz, S. (2022). The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on Energy Firms: A Capital Market Perspective. Finance Research Letters, 50, 103243.
  • Obi, P., Waweru, F., & Nyangu, M. (2023). An Event Study on the Reaction of Equity and Commodity Markets to the Onset of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(5), 256.
  • Oral, İ. O., Çakıcı, A., Yıldız, F., & Alayoubi, M. (2023). Determinants of Food Price in Turkey: A Structural VAR Approach. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1), 2247169.
  • Oyadeyi, O. O., Arogundade, S., & Biyase, M. (2024). How did African Stock Markets React to the Russia-Ukraine Crisis “Black-Swan” Event? Empirical Insights from Event Study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13.
  • Ölmez, U., & Ekinci, A. A. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Salgınının Hisse Senedi Piyasasına Etkisi: BİST 100 Örneği. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı), 225–239.
  • Özçalık, S. G., & Eren, B. S. (2022). COVID-19 (Koronavirüs) Pandemisinin Turizm Endeksleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Olay Çalışması. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 136–150.
  • Pandey, D. K., & Kumar, R. (2023). Russia-Ukraine War and the Global Tourism Sector: A 13-Day Tale. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(5), 692–700.
  • Sakınç, İ., & Açıkalın, S. (2022). COVID-19’un Avrupa Futbol Kulüplerinin Hisse Senedi Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Olay Çalışması Analizi. Fiscaoeconomia, 6(2), 783–807.
  • Salameh, H., & Albahsh, R. (2011). Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis at the Semi Strong Level in Palestine Stock Exchange–Event Study of the Mandatory Disclosure. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 69, 45-50.
  • Sun, M., & Zhang, C. (2023). Comprehensive Analysis of Global Stock Market Reactions to the Russia-Ukraine War. Applied Economics Letters, 30(18), 2673–2680.
  • Şahin, E., Konak, F., & Karaca, S. S. (2017). Türkiye ve Rusya Arasındaki “Uçak Krizinin” Borsa İstanbul Gıda, İçecek ve Turizm Endeksleri Üzerine Etkisi. Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(3), 473–485.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2023). Rusya Federasyonu Ülke Raporu. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5bcc5d4813b876034cfece26/RF%20%C3%9CLKE%20RAPORU%20%20-%202023.pdf [26.12.2023].
  • Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği - TÜRSAB. (2023). https://www.tursab.org.tr/e-dergi?pdf=/assets/assets/uploads/dunya-turizm-istatistik/2022-yilsonu-degerlendirmesi.pdf [25.12.2023].
  • Umar, M., Riaz, Y., & Yousaf, I. (2022). Impact of Russian-Ukraine War on Clean Energy, Conventional Energy, and Metal Markets: Evidence from Event Study Approach. Resources Policy, 79, 102966.
  • Woon, W. S. (2004). Introduction to the Event Study Methodology. Singapore Management University, 4(7), 1–12.
  • Yılmaz, Y., & Elmas, B. (2019). Türkiye’de 2016 Yılında Gerçekleştirilen Bazı Terör Saldırılarının Hisse Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkisi: BIST’te Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(4), 1737–1749.
  • Yürük, M. F. (2022). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının Borsa İstanbul BİST 100 Endeksine Etkisinin Olay Çalışması ile Analizi. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics, 17(3), 869-881.
  • Zaremba, A., Cakici, N., Demir, E., & Long, H. (2022). When Bad News is Good News: Geopolitical Risk and the Cross-Section of Emerging Market Stock Returns. Journal of Financial Stability, 58, 100964.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fazlı Irmak 0000-0003-3584-2462

Emrah Şahin 0000-0002-1001-6511

Ahmet Aknar 0000-0002-1577-5488

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 20, 2024
Acceptance Date April 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Irmak, F., Şahin, E., & Aknar, A. (2025). Rusya Ukrayna Savaşının Borsa İstanbul Sektörüne Etkileri: Olay Çalışması Analizi. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1), 33-58. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1440468

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