Evaluation of the Organization of the Turkic States in the Light of Integration Theories

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 323 - 344, 30.06.2025

Seyit Ali Avcu

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1645742

Abstract

Five Turkic Republics—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan—gained independence after the Soviet Union's dissolution. Discussions of a Turkic Union, akin to the EU, led to the establishment of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council) in 2009, renamed the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in 2021. Its primary goal is to enhance cooperation among Turkic states. Founding members—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Türkiye—were joined by Uzbekistan in 2019. This article examines the OTS's current status and future through integration theories, primarily developed from the EU experience, such as Federalism, Functionalism, Neofunctionalism, Intergovernmentalism, Constructivism, and Liberal Intergovernmentalism. The study argues that the OTS aligns with regionalism, a state-led process creating formal regional institutions among at least three states, rather than regionalization, which involves increased interaction between adjacent states. The Turkic Union is a top-down process, better explained by Intergovernmentalism and Constructivism, as it is an intergovernmental organization rooted in cultural, historical, and religious ties. However, economic interdependence among members remains limited, with significant ties only between Türkiye and Azerbaijan in energy and transportation.

Keywords

Organization of Turkic States , Integration theories , Regionalism , Regionalization

Entegrasyon Teorileri Işığında Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı'nın Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Beş Türk Cumhuriyeti—Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkiye ve Özbekistan—Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasının ardından bağımsızlık kazandı. AB'ye benzer bir Türk Birliği tartışmaları, 2009 yılında Türk Konseyi'nin kurulmasına yol açtı ve 2021'de Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (TDT) olarak yeniden adlandırıldı. Temel amacı, Türk devletleri arasındaki işbirliğini artırmaktır. Kurucu üyeler—Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan ve Türkiye—2019'da Özbekistan ile birleşti. Bu makale, TDT'nin mevcut durumu ve geleceğini, çoğunlukla AB deneyiminden geliştirilen entegrasyon teorileriyle incelemektedir; bunlar arasında Federalizm, Fonksiyonalizm, Neofonksiyonalizm, Hükümetler Arasıcılık, İnşacılık ve Liberal Hükümetler Arasıcılık bulunmaktadır. Çalışma, TDT'nin bölgeselleşme yerine, en az üç devlet arasında resmi bölgesel kurumlar oluşturan devlet odaklı bir süreç olan bölgeselcilikle uyumlu olduğunu savunmaktadır. Türk Birliği, kültürel, tarihi ve dini bağlara dayalı, hükümetler arası bir organizasyon olduğu için en iyi şekilde Hükümetler Arasıcılık ve İnşacılıkla açıklanır. Ancak, üyeler arasındaki ekonomik karşılıklı bağımlılık sınırlıdır ve enerji ve taşımacılık alanlarında yalnızca Türkiye ve Azerbaycan arasında önemli bağlar vardır.

Keywords

Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı , Entegrasyon teorileri , Bölgeselcilik , Bölgeselleşme

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