Muhtarlar ve Topluluk-Temelli Afet Yönetişimi

Year 2020, , 447 - 485, 31.12.2020

Fahri Çakı , Goncagül Gültekin Özbayram

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.667171

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Türkiye’de devletin modernleşme çabalarının bir ürünü olarak doğan ve 1829’dan beri
varlığını bugüne kadar koruyan muhtarlık kurumu yerli ve özgün bir teşkilattır. Muhtarlar,
belli sürelerle çoğunlukla yerel halk içinden doğrudan yerel halkın oylarıyla seçilirler.
Bu durum onları yerel halk ile daha yakın bağlar kurmaya, yerel sorunlar ve ihtiyaçları
yakından bilmeye ve mahalleleri hakkında zengin bir veri kaynağı olmaya sevk eder.
Bu özellikleriyle muhtarlar topluluk temelli afet yönetişiminde ve onun asli bir aşaması
olan hazırbulunuşluk sürecinde önemli aktörler olma potansiyelini taşırlar.
Ancak fiili durumda muhtarlar ne denli bu rolü oynamaktadırlar ya da oynamalarına
olanak sağlanmaktadır? Muhtarlar, afetlere hazırbulunuşluk süreçlerinde yönetişim
ilkesine ne kadar ortaktırlar? Bu sorular bu makalenin problematiğini teşkil etmektedir.
Makale, topluluk temelli doğal afet yönetiminin Türkiye’deki özel durumunu birçok
doğal afet riskinin yoğun hissedildiği illerden biri olan Balıkesir örnek olay incelemesi
çerçevesinde, doğal afet yönetişimindeki rolü genellikle ihmal edilen muhtarlar
üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Makale, fenomenolojik bir yöntem anlayışıyla derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılarak
50 muhtardan elde edilen verileri kullanmaktadır. Ulaşılan en önemli bulgu,
politik seçkinlerin yerel bilgiyi önemsememe ve sürece dâhil etmeme eğilimlerinden
dolayı muhtarların afet hazırbulunuşluğu süreçlerinden dışlandıkları ve potansiyel
katkılarının kısıtlandığıdır.

Keywords

Doğal Afet, Hazırbulunuşluk, Yerel Topluluk, Muhtarlar, Topluluk Temelli Afet Yönetişimi

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

116K208

Thanks

Bu makaleye kaynaklık eden 116K208 nolu projeye verdiği destekten dolayı TÜBİTAK'a teşekkür ederiz.

Muhtars and Community-Based Disaster Governance

Abstract

Born as a product of Turkey’s modernization efforts, the institute of muhtarlık is
an indigenous and unique organization that has been able to protect its presence
since 1829 to date. Muhtars (headmen of neighborhood) are elected for a certain
period of time by direct votes of local people, mostly from local people. This leads
them to build closer ties with the local community, to know closely local problems
and needs, and to become a rich source of data on their neighborhoods. With these
characteristics, muhtars have the potential to become important actors in community-
based disaster governance and in its essential stage of preparedness.
But to what extent do muhtars play or are allowed to play this role? Are muhtars
natural partners of governance in terms of disaster preparedness? These questions
constitute the problematic of this paper. The paper aims to examine special status
of community-based disaster management in Turkey within the framework of a
case study of Balikesir, which is one of the provinces where of many natural disaster
risks are felt intensely. In doing so the study is focused on muhtars whose role in
natural disaster governance is generally neglected.
The paper uses data obtained from 50 muhtars using an in-depth interview technique
with a phenomenological methodology. The most important finding is that
due to the tendency of the political elite to ignore and not include local knowledge,
the muhtars are excluded from the disaster preparedness processes and their potential
contribution is limited.

Keywords

Natural Disaster, Disaster Preparedness, Local Community, Muhtars, Community-Based Disaster Governance

Project Number

116K208

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