Afrika Genelinde İstisnaî Bir Devlet: Botsvana

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 74 - 88, 01.06.2014

Mürsel Bayram

Abstract

Bir Güney Afrika ülkesi olan Botsvana, Afrika kıtasına yönelik istikrarsızlık ve azgelişmişlik algısını değiştirebilecek örneklerden biridir. Botsvana, bağımsızlığını elde ettiği dönemde Afrika’nın en fakir ülkeleri arasında yer alırken 1967’de elmas madenlerinin keşfedilmesi ile birlikte hızlı bir ekonomik büyüme sürecine girmiştir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma temelli politikalar sayesinde dünyanın en hızlı büyüyen ekonomisi haline gelen Botsvana, “Afrika’da bir başarı öyküsü” olarak nitelendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Ülkede ekonomik büyümenin yanı sıra siyasî istikrar da sağlanmıştır. Nitekim Botsvana, askerî darbe tecrübesi olmayan nadir Afrika ülkelerinden biridir. Buradan hareketle çalışmamızda, en az Botsvana kadar zengin yer altı kaynakları olmasına rağmen birçok Afrika ülkesi siyasî istikrarsızlık ve ekonomik çöküntü içindeyken Botsvana’nın böylesine istisnaî bir gelişme göstermesinin altında yatan sebepler ele alınmıştır.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler: Afrika, Botsvana, Siyasî İstikrar, Ekonomik Büyüme, Afropesimizm, Afro-optimizm

Keywords

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