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A Critical Evaluation of Views on Islamic Economics

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 131 - 152, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1076327

Abstract

In this study, four different views on Islamic economics are discussed and critically evaluated. The first is the view that the origin of capitalism is in Islam. It is seen that those who support this view understand Islamic economics through an anachronistic reading, focusing on the similarities between institutions and relations, and ignoring the differences. The second view is the Islamic understanding of economics, which is defined as the removal of secular and un-Islamic information from economic views in the context of the Islamization of knowledge and replacing it with knowledge extracted from an Islamic world view. Two points to consider in this view are (1) the possibility of recognizing and truly purifying the elements that need to be purified, and (2) how Islamic the Islamic views that need to be placed will be. The third view is to make sense of Islamic economics in the context of the objectives of Shariah. As a view that determines the approaches of Islamic economics, especially in the context of macro policies, the aims and maslaha concepts of Shariah are a position that should be approached carefully because they are abstract and carry the danger of distorting the objectives of Islam and bringing the aims of capitalism to the forefront due to the minds shaped by enlightenment education. The last view is the Islamic political economy view, which expresses an Islamic order built on the ontological and epistemological sources of Islam and the framework of the systems in this order. The most important criticism of this view is how successful such a macro-transformation and normative construction can be under the hegemony of the capitalist system.

References

  • Abdelgafar, B. I. (2018). Public policy: Beyond traditional jurisprudence: a Maqasid approach. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought.
  • Ahmed, A. S. (1986). Toward Islamic anthropology: Definition, dogma, and directions. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
  • Al-Attas, M. N. (1978). Islam and secularism. Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia.
  • Al-Bouti, R. (2005). Dawabit al-Maslaha fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyya. Damascus: Resalah Publishers.
  • Al-Faruqi, I. R. (1982). Islamization of knowledge. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought.
  • Asutay, M. (2007). A Political Economy Approach to Islamic economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 3-18.
  • Asutay, M. (2012a). Conceptualising and locating the social failure of Islamic finance: Aspirations of Islamic moral economy vs the realities of Islamic finance. Asian and African area studies, 11(2), 93-113.
  • Asutay, M. (2012b). Locating Islamic Moral Economy within Emergence Economics and Evaluating the Islamic Banking and Finance in Relation to the Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy. Presented at the Kyoto University-Durham University Joint International Symposium 2012: Emergence and Feedback in Physical and Social Systems. 27-29th November 2012. Program adı: Kyoto University Uji Campus. Kyoto University Uji Campus.
  • Asutay, M. (2013). Islamic moral economy as the foundation of Islamic finance. İçinde V. Cattelan (Ed.), Islamic Finance in Europe: Towards Plural Financial System. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Atiyah, J. al-Din. (2007). Towards Realization of the Higher Intents of Islamic Law: Maqasid Al-shari’ah: a Functional Approach. IIIT.
  • Avde, C. (2016). İslam Hukuk Felsefesi (M. Çiftkaya, Çev.). İstanbul: Mahya Yayıncılık.
  • Balcı, Y. (1994). İslam’da Çalışma İlişkileri. İçinde İş Hayatında İslam İnsanı: Homo Islamicus (ss. 113-127). İstanbul: MÜSİAD.
  • Çizakça, M. (2011). Islamic capitalism and finance: Origins, evolution and the future. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Duman, S. (2018). Hz. Peygamber (s. A.v.) ve Hulefâ-i Râşidîn Dönemlerinde Zekât. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 4(1), 57-78. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8407.2018.4.1.04
  • Duman, S., & Jabari, S. (2020). Çağdaş Dönemde Usul-i Fıkhın Yenilenmesi Tartışmaları. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 20(1), 199-233.
  • Esteva, G. (2010). Development. Içinde W. Sachs (Ed.), The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power. London: Zed Books. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://www.credoreference.com/book/zeddev
  • Faruki, İ. R. (2016). Bilginin islamileştirilmesi (5. bs; F. Koru, Çev.). İstanbul: Risale.
  • Genç, Y., & Barış, İ. (2015). Yaşlı bakım hizmetlerinde çağdaş yaklaşım: Kurumsal bakım yerine evde bakım hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(10), 36-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.507
  • Hallaq, W. (1984). Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed? International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16(1), 3-41.
  • Hallaq, W. (2012). The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity’s Moral Predicament. Columbia University Press. Hashim, R., & Rossidy, I. (2000). Islamization of knowledge: A comparative analysis of the conceptions of AI-Attas and AI-Fārūqī. Intellectual Discourse, 8(1).
  • Heck, G. W. (2008). Charlemagne, Muhammad, and the Arab Roots of Capitalism. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110202830
  • Hossain, I., & Choudhury, A. (2016). Conclusion: The Islamization of Knowledge and its Implication in Islamic Financial Economics. İçinde Islamic Financial Economy and Islamic Banking. Routledge.
  • Islamic Finance Resource. (2009, Temmuz 23). Organized tawarruq is permissible: Sheikh Nizam Yaquby. Geliş tarihi 10 Eylül 2021, gönderen https://ifresource.com/2009/07/23/organized-tawarruq-is-permissible-sheikh-nizam-yaquby/
  • Kayadibi, S. (2007). Al-Ṭūfī-Centred Approach To al-Maṣlaḥah al-Mursalah (Public Interest) in Islamic Law. Islam Hukuku Arastirmalari Dergisi, 9, 71-96.
  • Koehler, B. (2014). Early Islam and the birth of capitalism. Lexington Books.
  • Moten, A. R. (2004). Islamization of knowledge in theory and practice: The contribution of Sayyid Abul A’lā Mawdūdī. Islamic Studies, 43(2), 247-272.
  • Orman, S. (2015). İslam Entelektüel Geleneğinde İktisadi Boyutun Teşekkülü: Şeybânî, Serahsî ve Kitâbu’l-Kesb (II). İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 1(2), 23-67.
  • Özel, M. (1993). Piyasa düşmanı kapitalizm. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Özel, M. (1994). Adam Zengin Olur Mu? İçinde İş Hayatında İslam İnsanı: Homo Islamicus (ss. 3-14). İstanbul: MÜSİAD.
  • Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük Dönüşüm: Çağımızın Siyasal ve Ekonomik Kökenleri (A. Buğra, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Rodinson, M. (1974). Islam and capitalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Şencal, H. (2021). İslam Ekonomisi Açısından Beşeri ve Sosyal Sermaye Kavramlarının Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.875420 Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional logics. The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism, 840, 99-128.
  • Tripp, C. (2006). Islam and the moral economy: The challenge of capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press.

İslam Ekonomisine Dair Görüşlerin Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 131 - 152, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1076327

Abstract

Bu çalışmada İslam ekonomisine dair dört farklı görüş ele alınarak eleştirel bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu görüşlerden ilki, kapitalizmin kökeninin İslam’da olduğu görüşüdür. Bu görüşü savunanların anakronik bir okuma yaparak kurumlar ve ilişkiler arasındaki benzerliklere odaklanıp farklılıkları göz ardı ederek bir İslam ekonomisi tanımı yaptıkları görülmektedir. İkinci görüş, bilginin İslamileştirilmesi bağlamında iktisadi görüşlerin içerisinde bulunan seküler ve İslam’a uygun olmayan bilgilerin çıkartılarak yerine İslami bir dünya görüşüne uygun bilgilerin yerleştirilmesi şeklinde tanımlanan İslami ekonomi anlayışıdır. Bu görüşte dikkat edilmesi gereken iki husus (1) arındırılması gereken unsurların farkına varmanın ve gerçekten arındırabilmenin imkanı ve (2) yerleştirilmesi gereken İslami görüşlerin ne kadar İslami olacağı noktalarıdır. Üçüncü görüş, İslam ekonomisinin Şeriat’ın gayeleri bağlamında anlamlandırmaktır. Özellikle makro politikalar bağlamında İslam ekonomisinin yaklaşımlarını belirleyen bir görüş olarak Şeriat’ın gayeleri ve maslahat kavramları soyut olmaları ve aydınlanmacı eğitim ile şekillenmiş akıllar tarafından İslam’ın gayelerinin çarpıtılarak kapitalizmin gayelerinin ön plana çıkarılması tehlikesini barındırması sebebiyle dikkatle yaklaşılması gereken bir pozisyondur. Son görüş ise İslam’ın ontolojik ve epistemolojik kaynakları üzerine inşa edilmiş İslami bir düzeni ve bu düzendeki sistemlerin çerçevesini ifade eden İslam politik ekonomisi görüşüdür. Bu görüşle ilgili en önemli eleştiri, kapitalist sistemin hegemonyası altında bu tarz bir makro dönüşümün ve normatif inşanın ne derece başarılı olabileceği sorunudur.

References

  • Abdelgafar, B. I. (2018). Public policy: Beyond traditional jurisprudence: a Maqasid approach. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought.
  • Ahmed, A. S. (1986). Toward Islamic anthropology: Definition, dogma, and directions. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
  • Al-Attas, M. N. (1978). Islam and secularism. Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia.
  • Al-Bouti, R. (2005). Dawabit al-Maslaha fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyya. Damascus: Resalah Publishers.
  • Al-Faruqi, I. R. (1982). Islamization of knowledge. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought.
  • Asutay, M. (2007). A Political Economy Approach to Islamic economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 3-18.
  • Asutay, M. (2012a). Conceptualising and locating the social failure of Islamic finance: Aspirations of Islamic moral economy vs the realities of Islamic finance. Asian and African area studies, 11(2), 93-113.
  • Asutay, M. (2012b). Locating Islamic Moral Economy within Emergence Economics and Evaluating the Islamic Banking and Finance in Relation to the Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy. Presented at the Kyoto University-Durham University Joint International Symposium 2012: Emergence and Feedback in Physical and Social Systems. 27-29th November 2012. Program adı: Kyoto University Uji Campus. Kyoto University Uji Campus.
  • Asutay, M. (2013). Islamic moral economy as the foundation of Islamic finance. İçinde V. Cattelan (Ed.), Islamic Finance in Europe: Towards Plural Financial System. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Atiyah, J. al-Din. (2007). Towards Realization of the Higher Intents of Islamic Law: Maqasid Al-shari’ah: a Functional Approach. IIIT.
  • Avde, C. (2016). İslam Hukuk Felsefesi (M. Çiftkaya, Çev.). İstanbul: Mahya Yayıncılık.
  • Balcı, Y. (1994). İslam’da Çalışma İlişkileri. İçinde İş Hayatında İslam İnsanı: Homo Islamicus (ss. 113-127). İstanbul: MÜSİAD.
  • Çizakça, M. (2011). Islamic capitalism and finance: Origins, evolution and the future. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Duman, S. (2018). Hz. Peygamber (s. A.v.) ve Hulefâ-i Râşidîn Dönemlerinde Zekât. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 4(1), 57-78. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8407.2018.4.1.04
  • Duman, S., & Jabari, S. (2020). Çağdaş Dönemde Usul-i Fıkhın Yenilenmesi Tartışmaları. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 20(1), 199-233.
  • Esteva, G. (2010). Development. Içinde W. Sachs (Ed.), The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power. London: Zed Books. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://www.credoreference.com/book/zeddev
  • Faruki, İ. R. (2016). Bilginin islamileştirilmesi (5. bs; F. Koru, Çev.). İstanbul: Risale.
  • Genç, Y., & Barış, İ. (2015). Yaşlı bakım hizmetlerinde çağdaş yaklaşım: Kurumsal bakım yerine evde bakım hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(10), 36-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.507
  • Hallaq, W. (1984). Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed? International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16(1), 3-41.
  • Hallaq, W. (2012). The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity’s Moral Predicament. Columbia University Press. Hashim, R., & Rossidy, I. (2000). Islamization of knowledge: A comparative analysis of the conceptions of AI-Attas and AI-Fārūqī. Intellectual Discourse, 8(1).
  • Heck, G. W. (2008). Charlemagne, Muhammad, and the Arab Roots of Capitalism. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110202830
  • Hossain, I., & Choudhury, A. (2016). Conclusion: The Islamization of Knowledge and its Implication in Islamic Financial Economics. İçinde Islamic Financial Economy and Islamic Banking. Routledge.
  • Islamic Finance Resource. (2009, Temmuz 23). Organized tawarruq is permissible: Sheikh Nizam Yaquby. Geliş tarihi 10 Eylül 2021, gönderen https://ifresource.com/2009/07/23/organized-tawarruq-is-permissible-sheikh-nizam-yaquby/
  • Kayadibi, S. (2007). Al-Ṭūfī-Centred Approach To al-Maṣlaḥah al-Mursalah (Public Interest) in Islamic Law. Islam Hukuku Arastirmalari Dergisi, 9, 71-96.
  • Koehler, B. (2014). Early Islam and the birth of capitalism. Lexington Books.
  • Moten, A. R. (2004). Islamization of knowledge in theory and practice: The contribution of Sayyid Abul A’lā Mawdūdī. Islamic Studies, 43(2), 247-272.
  • Orman, S. (2015). İslam Entelektüel Geleneğinde İktisadi Boyutun Teşekkülü: Şeybânî, Serahsî ve Kitâbu’l-Kesb (II). İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 1(2), 23-67.
  • Özel, M. (1993). Piyasa düşmanı kapitalizm. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Özel, M. (1994). Adam Zengin Olur Mu? İçinde İş Hayatında İslam İnsanı: Homo Islamicus (ss. 3-14). İstanbul: MÜSİAD.
  • Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük Dönüşüm: Çağımızın Siyasal ve Ekonomik Kökenleri (A. Buğra, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Rodinson, M. (1974). Islam and capitalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Şencal, H. (2021). İslam Ekonomisi Açısından Beşeri ve Sosyal Sermaye Kavramlarının Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.875420 Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional logics. The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism, 840, 99-128.
  • Tripp, C. (2006). Islam and the moral economy: The challenge of capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Harun Sencal 0000-0003-3617-8954

Publication Date June 25, 2022
Submission Date February 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sencal, H. (2022). İslam Ekonomisine Dair Görüşlerin Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirilmesi. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 131-152. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1076327

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