The Impact of Prosthetic Use on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Individuals

Abstract

Objective: The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the influence of oral health on the quality of life among elderly individuals utilizing prosthetic devices, employing the OHIP-14-TR questionnaire, with particular emphasis on the physical, psychological, and social dimensions within the context of Eastern Anatolia. Materials and Methods: This research was executed at the Prosthetic Department of Ataturk University Dental Faculty, encompassing a cohort of 100 geriatric patients aged 65 years and above. All subjects were recipients of prosthetic teeth, which included total, partial, fixed, or removable dentures. The OHIP-14-TR questionnaire was administered to evaluate oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The process of collecting data began in January 2024, and statistical scrutiny was undertaken using IBM SPSS Statistics v23.0, with the significance threshold determined at p < 0.05. Results: The most elevated mean scores were recorded in the domains of physical pain (OHIP Q4: 1.57 ± 1.41) and psychological discomfort. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations between physical pain and psychological discomfort (r = 0.645, p < 0.01), underscoring their contributory roles in shaping OHRQoL. Ill-fitting prostheses were correlated with heightened levels of both physical and psychological discomfort, adversely impacting the quality of life of the participants. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that physical pain and psychological discomfort emerged as the most significantly affected domains among elderly prosthetic users, exerting a profound influence on their OHRQoL. The necessity for adequate prosthetic rehabilitation is imperative to enhance oral functionality, mental health, and social welfare. The outcomes emphasize the essential role of tackling both the bodily and emotional elements in looking after elderly individuals with prosthetic needs.

Keywords

• • Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)
• Prosthetic Rehabilitation
• Elderly Patients
• OHIP-14-TR Questionnaire
• Physical Pain
• Psychological Discomfort
• Dental Prostheses.

Yaşlı Bireylerde Protez Kullanımının Ağız Sağlığı ile İlgili Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, OHIP-14-TR anketi kullanılarak protez cihazları kullanan yaşlı bireylerde ağız sağlığının yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmekti. Çalışmada, özellikle Doğu Anadolu bağlamında fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal boyutlara odaklanılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Protetik Diş Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı'nda yürütülmüş ve 65 yaş ve üzeri 100 geriatrik hastayı kapsamıştır. Tüm katılımcılar, tam, parsiyel, sabit veya hareketli protez gibi protez diş kullanıcılarından oluşmuştur. Katılımcılarda ağız sağlığı ile ilgili yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için OHIP-14-TR anketi uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama süreci Ocak 2024'te başlamış ve istatistiksel analiz IBM SPSS Statistics v23.0 kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş, anlamlılık düzeyi p < 0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: En yüksek ortalama skorlar, fiziksel ağrı (OHIP Q4: 1.57 ± 1.41) ve psikolojik rahatsızlık alanlarında kaydedilmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizi, fiziksel ağrı ile psikolojik rahatsızlık arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (r = 0.645, p < 0.01), bu alanların OHRQoL üzerindeki şekillendirici rollerini vurgulamaktadır. Uygun olmayan protezler, hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik rahatsızlık seviyelerinde artışla ilişkilendirilmiş ve katılımcıların yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın bulguları, yaşlı protez kullanıcıları arasında fiziksel ağrı ve psikolojik rahatsızlığın en çok etkilenen alanlar olduğunu ve OHRQoL üzerinde derin bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yeterli protez rehabilitasyonu, ağız fonksiyonelliğini, ruh sağlığını ve sosyal refahı artırmak için gereklidir. Bu sonuçlar, protez gereksinimi olan yaşlı bireylerin bakımında hem bedensel hem de duygusal unsurların ele alınmasının temel bir öneme sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağız Sağlığı ile İlgili Yaşam Kalitesi (OHRQoL)
• Protez Rehabilitasyonu
• Yaşlı Hastalar
• OHIP-14-TR Anketi
• Fiziksel Ağrı
• Psikolojik Rahatsızlık
• Diş Protezleri.

References

1. 1. Bolukbasi G, Dundar N. Oral health in older adults: current insights and tips. J Gerontol Geriatr. 2024; 72: 96-107.
2. 2. O’Gorman C, Willis A. Oral medicine considerations for the older patient. Br Dent J. 2024; 236: 251-60.
3. 3. Wachholz PA, Alexander P, Álvaro WR. Geriatrics, gerontology and aging challenges to achieve adequate oral health for older adults in low-and middle-income countries. Geriatr Gerontol Aging. 2023; 17: 230018.
4. 4. Michea MA, Barahona P, Dreyer E, Rojas M, Celis A. Elderly, ageing and oral fragility. J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2023; 14: 28-30.
5. 5. Mulinari-Santos G, Paino-Santana A, Gouveia Garciar V, Helena Theodoro L. The impact of tooth loss and the role of implantology in the elderly population. MOJ Gerontol Geriatr. 2023; 8: 79-81.
6. 6. Salem Alfaer A, Bakhsh KH, Alyami IM, et al. Indications, design considerations, and clinical outcomes of implant-supported fixed prostheses. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2023; 10: 2974-9.
7. 7. Finlayson TL, Moss K, Jones A, Preisser S, Weintraub JA. Psychosocial profiles of older adults by dentition status and dental utilization history. MedRxiv. 2024; : 24306865.
8. 8. Palomer T, Ramírez V, Ortuño D. Relationship between oral health and depression: data from the National Health Survey 2016-2017. BMC Oral Health. 2024; 24: 188.

9. 9. Manica LR, do Amaral Júnior OL, Fagundes MLB, Menegazzo GR, do Amaral Giordani JM. Psychosocial aspects associated with self-reported oral health in Brazilians older adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2024; 22: 268-73.
10. 10. Seo J, Bae G, Kim J, Paeng JY. Oral health care strategy for psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Ann. 2024; 54: E240-5.
11. 11. Topal R. Impact of malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). J Med Dent Investig. 2023; 4: E230354.
12. 12. Deana N, Pardo Y, Ferrer M, et al. Evaluating conceptual model measurement and psychometric properties of Oral health-related quality of life instruments available for older adults: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2024; 22: 5.
13. 13. Menéndez C, Ferenchick E, Bardají A, Mangiaterra V. Current challenges and research gaps. Encyclopedia of Malaria. 2015; 8: 1-9.
14. 14. Sufiawati I, Amalia T, Dewi TS, Wisaksana R. The association between oral mucosal lesions and oral health-related quality of life using the validated Indonesian version of OHIP-14 among people living with HIV/AIDS. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2024; 16: 9-16.
15. 15. Yang GH, Feng Y, Xue L-X, et al. Factorial structure and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 among clinical populations and non-clinical populations: evidence for public oral investigations. BMC Oral Health. 2023; 23:1-10.
16. 16. Al Shammary NH. Exploring the impact of oral health on the quality of life in older patients: a cross-sectional study. BDJ Open. 2024; 10: 60.
17. 17. Moura Ramos OA, Almendra Rodrigues Gomes MJ, Nunes Português Galvão AM. Saúde oral em idosos: relação com a qualidade de vida. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu. 2022; 7: 91-2.
18. 18. Ballesteros J, Salazar J, Rueda JR. Dimensionality and item characteristics of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in Spanish patients undergoing prosthetic treatments. Research Square Platform. 2023.
19. 19. Demarchi LS, Vogel MT, Haubert G, Rigo L. Impact of Xerostomia and the use of dental prosthesis on the quality of life of elderly: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Oral Sci. 2023; 22: 1-7.
20. 20. Silva MA, Batista AUD, Abreu MHNG, et al. Impact on the quality of life of older adults who use inadequate dental prostheses: a cross-sectional study. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2020; 20: E4713.
21. 21. Manfredini M, Pellegrini M, Rigoni M, et al. Oral health-related quality of life in implant-supported rehabilitations: a prospective single-center observational cohort study. BMC Oral Health. 2024; 24: 531.
22. 22. Medeiros MMD, Pinheiro MA, Figueredo OMC, et al. Oral health-related quality of life of older adults living in long-term care facilities and its association with dental prosthesis use and condition. Geriatr Gerontol Aging. 2023; 17: E0230007.
23. 23. Ceraulo S, Caccianiga P, Casto C, Ceraulo I, Caccianiga G. Dental prosthetic rehabilitation interventions in elderly patients hospitalized in the nursing homes of the Lombardy region: a retrospective study. Healthcare (Basel). 2022; 10: 2328.
24. 24. Techapiroontong S, Limpuangthip N, Tumrasvin W, Sirotamarat J. The impact of poor dental status and removable dental prosthesis quality on body composition, masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in older adults. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22: 1-8.
25. 25. Wajeeha, Rizwan B, Fatima A, et al. Assessing the quality of life among older adults having oral health problems. Pak BioMed J. 2022; 7: 40-44.
26. 26. Salim R. Impact of oral diseases on oral health-related quality of life among older people. Indian J Dent Sci. 2023; 15: 13-9.
27. 27. Vinita Mary A, Kesavan R, Vidhyarekha U, et al. Perspective of geriatric patient about impact of oral health on general health and oral health related quality of life: a survey. Int J Applied Dent Sci. 2023; 9: 277-82.
28. 28. Malekpour p, Devine A, Dare J, Costello L. Investigating the perspectives of older adults in residential aged care on oral health-related quality of life. Gerodontol. 2023; 40: 220-30.
29. 29. de Oliveira ES, da Silva JPV, Douglas-de-Oliveira DW, et al. Influence of dental treatment on quality of life and self-esteem of hemodialysis-therapy patients. Rev Estomatol. 2021; 29: 10929.
30. 30. Quintana ZJ, Grau León IB, Frómeta RM, Díaz MJ, Pérez ET. Impacto de la rehabilitación protésica en la calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores. MediSur. 2021; 19: 115-22.
31. 31. Żegota A, Papierz U, Dudko A, Kłosek S. assessment of the severity of depressive symptoms in patients over 65 years of age using removable dentures. J Health Study Med. 2022; 3: 5-21.
32. 32. Kamran M, Mumtaz N, Saqulain G. Amalgamation of self-esteem, depression, anxiety and stress among prosthesis users. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021; 71: 834-7.
33. 33. Burden N, Simpson J, Murray C, Overton PG, Powell PA. Prosthesis use is associated with reduced physical self-disgust in limb amputees. Body Image. 2018; 27: 109-7.
34. 34. Pine NS, Pine KR. Depression, anxiety and stress indicators for prosthetic eye wearers. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020; 14: 1715.
35. 35. Kabbarah AJ. Social inclusion and oral health in elderly Canadian population. Thesis, 2018.
36. 36. Weber S, Hahnel S, Nitschke I, Schierz O, Rauch A. Older seniors during the COVID-19 pandemic-social support and oral health-related quality of life. Healthcare (Basel). 2021; 9: 1177
37. 37. Bulgarelli AF, Zacharias FCM, Mestriner SF, Pinto IC. A postmodern perspective regarding older adults’ oral health. Cien Saude Colet. 2020; 25: 741-8.
38. 38. Hardgraves V. Older adults’ expectations, and knowledge of oral health issues: a study of Arkansas seniors. Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 2019.
39. 39. Faulks D. Oral health inequalities and disability: closing the gap. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2023; 51: 621-6.
40. 40. Salvador SM, Toassi RFC. Oral health self-perception: physical, social and cultural expressions of a body in interaction with the world. Phys Rev Saúde Colet. 2021; 31: E310122.
41. 41. Furner J. Recovering the social interpretation of disability. Disabil Soc. 2020; 35: 1535-55.
42. 42. Hanulíková A. Do faces speak volumes? Social expectations in speech comprehension and evaluation across three age groups. PLoS One. 2021; 16: E0259230
43. 43. Linn TT, Khaohoen A, Thu KM, Rungsiyakull P. Oral-health-related quality of life in elderly edentulous patients with full-arch rehabilitation treatments: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2024; 13: 12.
44. 44. Alimoradi Z, Jafari E, Roshandel Z, Potenza MN, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Meta-analysis with systematic review to synthesize associations between oral health related quality of life and anxiety and depression. BDJ Open. 2024; 10: 9.
45. 45. Liu F, Song S, Ye X, et al. Oral health-related multiple outcomes of holistic health in elderly individuals: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 1021104. 46. Demarchi LS, Vogel MT, Haubert G, Rigo L. Impact of Xerostomia and the use of dental prosthesis on the quality of life of elderly: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Oral Sci. 2023; 22: E237543.