Prevalence of Malocclusions in Orthodontic Patients: an Epidemiological Study

Abstract

Aim The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse directions in individuals receiving orthodontic treatment and to investigate the relationship with gender. Material and Methods A total of 2.710 individuals (1.543 females and 1.167 males) who applied to the clinic for orthodontic treatment were included in the study. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, pre-treatment intraoral photographs and cephalometric films were evaluated, and malocclusions were classified according to sagittal, vertical, and transverse occlusal relationships. The percentage distribution of malocclusions was calculated, and gender differences were analysed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of Class I, Class II, and Class III maloc clusions were determined as 32.9%, 48.9%, and 18.2%, respectively. The prevalence of posterior crossbite in the transverse direction was determined to be 23%. In the vertical direction, 58.9% of individuals had normal overbite, 17.7% had openbite, and 23.4% had deepbite. No significant differences were found between genders in terms of sagittal and transverse malocclusions. A significant difference was found only in the prevalence of deepbite in the vertical direction, which was higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, it was determined that Class II malocclusions were predominant in the sagittal direction in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment, and that gender differences were statistically significant only in terms of the prevalance of overbite in the vertical direction. These findings provide important information for both developing preventive dentistry policies and predicting the need for orthodontic treatment in the future.

Keywords

• Orthodontics
• Malocclusion
• Epidemiology
• Prevalence

Ortodontik Tedavi Gören Bireylerde Malokluzyon Prevalansı: Epidemiyolojik Çalışma

Öz

Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortodontik tedavi görmekte olan bireylerde sagittal, vertikal ve transversal düzlemlerdeki malokluzyonların prevalansını belirlemek ve bu malokluz yonların cinsiyetle olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler Çalışmaya, Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ortodonti Anabilim Dalı’na tedavi amacıyla başvuran, 1543 kadın ve 1167 erkek olmak üzere toplam 2710 birey dahil edilmiştir. Retrospektif ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışmada, bireylerin tedavi başı ağız içi fotoğrafları ve sefalometrik filmleri değerlendirilerek sagittal, vertikal ve transversal malokluzyon okluzal ilişkilerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Malokluzyonların yüzde dağılımı hesaplanmış ve Pearson Ki-Kare testi ile cinsiyetler arası farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular Elde edilen bulgulara göre, sagittal yönde Sınıf I, Sınıf II ve Sınıf III malokluzyon prevalansı sırasıyla %32.9, %48.9 ve %18.2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Transversal yönde posterior çapraz kapanış prevalansı %23 olarak belirlenirken, vertikal yönde %58.9 oranında normal overbite, %17.7 oranında openbite, %23.4 oranında deepbite saptanmıştır. Cinsiyetler arası karşılaştırmada sagittal ve transversal malokluzyonlar açısından cinsiyetler bakımından anlamlı fark tespit edilmemiştir. Cinsiyetler arasında yalnızca vertikal yönde deepbite prevalansının erkeklerde kadınlara kıyasla daha yüksek olmasından kaynaklı anlamlı farklılık olduğu bulunmuştur (P < 0.001). Sonuç Bu çalışmada ortodontik tedavi gören bireylerde sagittal yönde Sınıf II malokluzyonların baskın olduğu ve cinsiyet farklılığının yalnızca vertikal yönde overbite dağılımı bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, hem koruyucu diş hekimliği politikalarını geliştirmek hem de ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacını önceden tahmin etmek adına önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ortodonti
• Malokluzyon
• Epidemiyoloji
• Prevalans

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