Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Diş Çürüğü Prevalansının Tip 2 Diyabet ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Bir Kesitsel Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 176 - 182, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1798743

Abstract

Amaç
Tip 2 Diyabet (T2DM), çeşitli oral komplikasyonlarla ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, T2DM'li hastalarda diş çürüğünün yaygınlığını ve şiddetini sistemik olarak sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Bu kesitsel çalışmaya 35-65 yaş aralığında 100 katılımcı (50 T2DM hastası ve 50 sağlıklı kontrol) dahil edildi. Retrospektif olan bu çalışmada, 2019-2023 yılları arasında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Kliniğine başvuran ve çürük tanısı konulan hastalar arasından tip 2 diyabetli 50 birey ve sistemik olarak sağlıklı 50 birey rastgele seçildi. Sağlıklı bireylerin yaşları ve cinsiyetleri, her hasta için aynı olacak şekilde diyabetli bireylerle eşleştirildi. Diş çürükleri panoramik radyografi aracılığıyla DMFT (Çürük, Eksik, Dolgulu Dişler) indeksi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Her iki grupta da bireylerdeki çürük diş sayısı belirlendi. Çürük değerlendirilmesinde mine, dentin ve sementte gözlenen çürük lezyonu diş için pozitif bulgu olarak kabul edildi. Çalışmanın deneysel kısmı standardizasyonun sağlanması için deneyimli iki restoratif diş tedavisi uzmanı tarafından yapıldı. Panoramik radyografiler bilgisayar ekranında, karanlık bir odada x3,5 büyütmede incelendi. Değerlendirilme öncesi panoramik radyografi üzerinde belirlenen kriterlerin aynı şekilde okunması için hekimler bilgilendirildi ve daha sonra iki uzmanın ortak görüşü alınarak değerlendirilme yapıldı. Üçüncü molar dişler hariç tüm dişler çalışmaya dahil edildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde parametrik yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Grup (diyabetik/sağlıklı) ve cinsiyetin dental parametreler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla iki yönlü ANOVA uygulanmıştır. P < 0.05 değeri istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular
Tip 2 diyabetli ve diyabetli olmayan hastalar karşılaştırıldığında çürük görülme prevalansı diyabetli hastalarda daha yüksek bulundu (P < 0.001). İki grup arasında ağızda mevcut diş sayısı (p = 0.106) ve restorasyon sayısı (p = 0.003) arasında ise anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalara bakıldığında cinsiyete ve yaşa bağlı anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı.
Sonuç
T2DM’li hastalarda, sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha yüksek diş çürüğü görülme sıklığı ve şiddeti görülmektedir. Bu bulgular, diyabet hastaları için kapsamlı koruyucu diş stratejilerinin uygulanmasının ve entegre tıbbi-diş bakımı protokollerinin oluşturulmasının kritik önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Akdeniz University Ethics Committee (2023/950).

Supporting Institution

The author declared that this study has received no financial support.

References

  • Roglic G, Unwin N. Global mortality attributable to diabetes: time for a realistic estimate. Diabetes Voice. 2005; 50: 33-4.
  • Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022; 183: 109118.
  • American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in. Diabetes Care. 2023; 46: S19-34.
  • Ye D, Liu Y, Li J. Competitive dynamics and balance between Streptococcus mutans and commensal streptococci in oral microecology. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2025; 51: 532-43.
  • Mariș M, Bucur SM, Marius M, Păcurar M, Earar K. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in individuals with type II diabetes. Romanian J Oral Rehabil. 2024; 16: 188-95.
  • Santos CML, Lira-Junior R, Fischer RG, Santos APP, Oliveira BH. Systemic antibiotics in periodontal treatment of diabetic patients: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2015; 10: E0145262.
  • He L, Shi L, Zhu JH. Association between diabetes status, glycaemic control and untreated root caries among United States adults. Int Dent J. 2025; 75: 537-44.
  • Erdem RZ, Karaçam K, Apaydın M. Relationship between T2DMand oral health status. Anatolian Curr Med J. 2025; 7: 436-41.
  • Malvania EA, Sheth SA, Sharma AS, et al. Dental caries prevalence among type II diabetic and nondiabetic adults attending a hospital. J Int Soc Prevent Commun Dent. 2016; 6: S232-6.
  • Ship JA. Diabetes and oral health: an overview. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003; 134: S4-10.
  • Shiferaw A, Alem G, Tsehay M, Kibret GD. Dental caries and associated factors among diabetic and nondiabetic adult patients attending Bichena Primary Hospital’s Outpatient Department. Front Oral Health. 2022; 3: 938405.
  • Frias-Bulhosa J, Manso MC, Mota LC, et al. Oral health disparities in Type II Diabetes: examining the elevated risk for dental caries - a comparative study. Dent J. 2025; 13: 258.
  • Natarajan P, Madanian S, Marshall S. Investigating the link between oral health conditions and systemic diseases: A cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep. 2025; 15: 10476.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Dental Caries Prevalence and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 176 - 182, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.62268/add.1798743

Abstract

Objective
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with various oral complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in patients with T2DM compared to systemically healthy controls.
Material and Methods
This cross-sectional study included 100 participants (50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls) aged 35-65 years who applied to the Restorative Dentistry Clinic of Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry between 2019 and 2023 and were diagnosed with caries. The ages and genders of healthy individuals were matched with diabetic individuals to be the same for each patient. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index through panoramic radiography. The experimental part of the study was conducted by two experienced restorative dentistry specialists to ensure standardization. Panoramic radiographs were viewed on a computer screen in a dark room at x3.5 magnification. Before the evaluation, physicians were informed to read the criteria determined on the panoramic radiography in the same way, and then the evaluation was made by taking the common opinion of two experts. All teeth except third molars were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA to evaluate the effects of group and gender on dental parameters, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.
Results
When patients with T2DM and non-diabetes were compared, the prevalence of caries was found to be higher in patients with diabetes (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the number of existing teeth in the mouth (p = 0.106) but not the number of restorations (p = 0.003). When comparing between groups, no significant difference was found based on gender and age.
Conclusion
Patients with T2DM demonstrate significantly higher dental caries prevalence and severity compared to healthy controls. These findings underscore the critical importance of implementing comprehensive preventive dental strategies and establishing integrated medical-dental care protocols for diabetic patients.

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Akdeniz University Ethics Committee (2023/950).

Supporting Institution

The author declared that this study has received no financial support.

References

  • Roglic G, Unwin N. Global mortality attributable to diabetes: time for a realistic estimate. Diabetes Voice. 2005; 50: 33-4.
  • Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022; 183: 109118.
  • American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in. Diabetes Care. 2023; 46: S19-34.
  • Ye D, Liu Y, Li J. Competitive dynamics and balance between Streptococcus mutans and commensal streptococci in oral microecology. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2025; 51: 532-43.
  • Mariș M, Bucur SM, Marius M, Păcurar M, Earar K. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in individuals with type II diabetes. Romanian J Oral Rehabil. 2024; 16: 188-95.
  • Santos CML, Lira-Junior R, Fischer RG, Santos APP, Oliveira BH. Systemic antibiotics in periodontal treatment of diabetic patients: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2015; 10: E0145262.
  • He L, Shi L, Zhu JH. Association between diabetes status, glycaemic control and untreated root caries among United States adults. Int Dent J. 2025; 75: 537-44.
  • Erdem RZ, Karaçam K, Apaydın M. Relationship between T2DMand oral health status. Anatolian Curr Med J. 2025; 7: 436-41.
  • Malvania EA, Sheth SA, Sharma AS, et al. Dental caries prevalence among type II diabetic and nondiabetic adults attending a hospital. J Int Soc Prevent Commun Dent. 2016; 6: S232-6.
  • Ship JA. Diabetes and oral health: an overview. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003; 134: S4-10.
  • Shiferaw A, Alem G, Tsehay M, Kibret GD. Dental caries and associated factors among diabetic and nondiabetic adult patients attending Bichena Primary Hospital’s Outpatient Department. Front Oral Health. 2022; 3: 938405.
  • Frias-Bulhosa J, Manso MC, Mota LC, et al. Oral health disparities in Type II Diabetes: examining the elevated risk for dental caries - a comparative study. Dent J. 2025; 13: 258.
  • Natarajan P, Madanian S, Marshall S. Investigating the link between oral health conditions and systemic diseases: A cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep. 2025; 15: 10476.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilay Bayraktar 0000-0003-2343-9131

Yeliz Hayriye Yazıcıoğlu Pirpir 0000-0002-9616-1460

Osman Harorlı 0000-0001-6828-5063

Submission Date October 7, 2025
Acceptance Date October 27, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Bayraktar N, Yazıcıoğlu Pirpir YH, Harorlı O. Investigation of the Relationship Between Dental Caries Prevalence and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Akd Dent J. 2025;4(3):176-82.

Founded: 2022

Period: 3 Issues Per Year

Publisher: Akdeniz University