Sporla İlişkili Orofasial Yaralanmaların Önlenmesi ve Yönetimi: Mevcut Kanıtların ve Klinik Uygulamaların Geleneksel Bir İncelemesi

Abstract

Sporla İlişkili Orofasiyal Yaralanmalar (SOY), sıklıkları, fonksiyonel etkileri ve potansiyel uzun vadeli komplikasyonları nedeniyle diş hekimliği ve spor hekimliğinde önemli bir endişe kaynağıdır. Önleyici stratejilerdeki ilerlemelere rağmen, sporcular ve destek personeli arasında bilgi eksiklikleri devam etmektedir. Bu derlemede, travmatik diş yaralanmaları ve ağız koruyucuları gibi koruyucu stratejilere vurgu yaparak, SOY'ların etiyolojisi, önlenmesi ve akut yönetimi ile ilgili mevcut kanıtları özetlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu derleme, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus ve Web of Science veri tabanları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Ek kaynaklar, referans listelerinin manuel aramaları ve uluslararası diş hekimliği ve spor kuruluşlarından ilgili konsensus kılavuzları aracılığıyla belirlenmiştir. Sporla ilişkili diş travması, önleyici stratejiler ve klinik yönetim protokolleriyle ilgili olarak toplam 40 hakemli makale dahil edilmiştir. SOY'lar genellikle yumuşak doku travması, kron ve kök kırıkları, lüksasyon yaralanmaları ve diş avülsiyonunu içerir. Mevcut kanıtlar, özellikle periodontal ligament hücre canlılığının korunmasının kritik olduğu diş avülsiyonu vakalarında, sahada acil müdahalenin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Kişiye özel ağız koruyucularının, diş travmalarının sıklığını ve şiddetini azaltmada en etkili koruyucu cihaz olduğu sürekli olarak bildirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, birçok spor dalında uyum yetersiz kalmaktadır. Çalışmalar ayrıca, sporcular ve antrenör kadrosu arasında acil diş travması yönetimi konusunda yetersiz farkındalığı da göstermektedir. SOY'lar önlenebilir bir diş morbidite nedenidir. Kanıtlar, en iyi sonuçlar için kişiye özel ağız koruyucularının ve yapılandırılmış acil durum protokollerinin kullanımını desteklemektedir. Farkındalığı artırmak ve diş hekimliği uzmanlarını spor hekimliği kiplerine entegre etmek, bu yaralanmaların hem önlenmesini hem de akut yönetimini iyileştirebilir.

Keywords

• Spor diş hekimliği
• Travmatik diş yaralanmaları
• Ağız koruyucu
• Önleme

Prevention and Management of Sport-Related Orofacial Injuries: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Practice

Abstract

Sport-related orofacial injuries (SOIs) represent an important concern in dental and sports medicine due to their frequency, functional impact, and potential long-term complications. Despite advances in preventive strategies, knowledge gaps remain among athletes and support staff. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence regarding the etiology, prevention, and acute management of SOIs, with emphasis on traumatic dental injuries and protective strategies such as mouthguards. This review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Additional sources were identified through manual searches of reference lists and relevant consensus guidelines from international dental and sports organizations. A total of 40 peer-reviewed articles were included based on relevance to sports-related dental trauma, preventive strategies, and clinical management protocols. SOIs commonly include soft tissue trauma, crown and root fractures, luxation injuries, and avulsion of teeth. Current evidence highlights the importance of immediate on-field management, particularly in cases of tooth avulsion where preservation of periodontal ligament cell viability is critical. Custom-made mouthguards are consistently reported as the most effective protective device for reducing the incidence and severity of dental trauma. However, compliance remains suboptimal across many sports disciplines. Studies also indicate insufficient awareness of emergency dental trauma management among athletes and coaching staff. SOIs remain a preventable cause of dental morbidity. Evidence supports the use of custom-made mouthguards and structured emergency protocols for optimal outcomes. Increasing awareness and integrating dental professionals into sports medicine teams may improve both prevention and acute management of these injuries.

Keywords

• Sports dentistry
• Traumatic dental injuries
• Mouthguard
• Prevention

Ethical Statement

Not applicable. This study is a narrative review of previously published literature and did not involve hu-man participants, animals, or identifiable personal data.

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