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Mekânda Konum Sözcük Dağarcığı Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 4 , 988 - 1007 , 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1754597
https://izlik.org/JA64GS28LE

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 48-72 aylık çocukların mekânda konum sözcük dağarcığının tespiti için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesidir. Mekânda Konum Sözcük Dağarcığı Ölçeği (MEKON) geliştirme sürecinde yapılan kuramsal ön hazırlıkların ardından alan yazın incelenmiş ve hazırlanan madde havuzu 10 uzmanın görüşleri ve 41 çocukla yapılan iki deneme uygulaması dikkate alınarak düzenlenmiştir. 20 maddelik deneme formu oluşturulmuştur. Asıl uygulama 192 çocuktan elde edilen veriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA sonucunda iki faktörlü 17 maddelik bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. DFA sonuçlarıyla kabul edilebilir değer aralığında model-veri uyumunun sağlandığı bir yapı tanımlanmıştır (χ2/sd=2.23, RMSEA=0.043, RMR=0.044, CFI=0.98, NNFI=0.98, NFI=0.97, AGFI= 0.87, GFI=0.89, RFI=0.96). Ölçeğin alt boyutlarına ilişkin KR-20 analizi sonuçlarının sırasıyla 0.64 ve 0.19 ve Alt %27-Üst %27 Yöntemine göre iç tutarlılık karşılaştırmasında her iki faktör için gruplar arası farkın anlamlı (p=.000) ve test-tekrar-test güvenirlik düzeylerinin sırasıyla 0.84 ve 0.75 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgular sonucunda ölçme aracının geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Balcomb, F., Newcombe, N. S., & Ferrara, K. (2011). Finding where and saying where: Developmental relationships between place learning and language in the first year. Journal of Cognition and Development, 12(3), 315-331.
  • Bay, D. N. (2020). Resimli çocuk kitaplarının MEB Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programındaki temel kavramlar açısından incelenmesi. International Primary Education Research Journal, 4(1), 12-24.
  • Bower, C. A., Foster, L., Zimmermann, L., Verdine, B. N., Marzouk, M., Islam, S., … Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2020a). Three-year-olds’ spatial language comprehension and links with mathematics and spatial performance. Developmental Psychology, 56(10), 1894-1905. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001098
  • Bower, C., Zimmermann, L., Verdine, B., Toub, T. S., Islam, S., Foster, L., … Golinkoff, R. M. (2020b). Piecing together the role of a spatial assembly intervention in preschoolers’ spatial and mathematics learning: Influences of gesture, spatial language, and socioeconomic status. Developmental Psychology, 56(4), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000899
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
  • Casasola, M., & Ahn, Y. A. (2018). What develops in infants’ spatial categorization? Korean infants’ categorization of containment and tight-fit relations. Child Development, 89(4), e382-e396.
  • Casasola, M., Bhagwat, J., & Burke, A. S. (2009). Learning to form a spatial category of tight-fit relations: How experience with a label can give a boost. Developmental Psychology, 45, 711-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015475
  • Casasola, M., Bhagwat, J., Doan, S. N., & Love, H. (2017). Getting some space: Infants’ and caregivers’ containment and support spatial constructions during play. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 159, 110-128.
  • Casasola, M., Wei, W. S., Suh, D. D., Donskoy, P., & Ransom, A. (2020). Children’s exposure to spatial language promotes their spatial thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(6), 1116.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2008). The neural organization of spatial thought and language. In Seminars in Speech and Language, 29(3), 226-238.
  • Clingan-Siverly, S., Nelson, P. M., Göksun, T., & Demir Lira, Ö. E. (2021). Spatial thinking in term and preterm-born preschoolers: relations to parent–child speech and gesture. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 651678.
  • Copley, J. V. (2000). The young child and mathematics. National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1509 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1426.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2021). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları (6. Baskı) (ss. 177-250). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2021). Ölçek geliştirme-kuram ve uygulamalar, (3. Baskı). T. Totan (Çev. Ed.). Daha kapsamlı araştırma alanlarında ölçme içinde (ss. 185-192). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (pp. 259-418). New York: McGraw Hall.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (pp. 778-832). London: Sage Publications.
  • Frick, A., Hansen, M. A., & Newcombe, N. S. (2013). Development of mental rotation in 3-to 5-year-old children. Cognitive Development, 28(4), 386-399.
  • Gentner, D., Özyürek, A., Gürcanli, Ö., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2013). Spatial language facilitates spatial cognition: Evidence from children who lack language input. Cognition, 127(3), 318-330.
  • Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
  • Hasançebi, B., Terzi, Y., ve Küçük, Z. (2020). Madde güçlük indeksi ve madde ayırt edicilik indeksine dayalı çeldirici analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 224-240.
  • Hawes, Z., Moss, J., Caswell, B., & Poliszczuk, D. (2015). Effects of mental rotation training on children’s spatial and mathematics performance: A randomized controlled study. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 4(3), 60-68.
  • Jirout, J. J., & Newcombe, N. S. (2014). Mazes and maps: Can young children find their way?. Mind, Brain, and Education, 8(2), 89-96.
  • Karadeniz, M. H. (2014). Okul öncesi çocuklarda mekânsal ilişkiler: Harita örnekleri. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(4), 1757-1774.
  • Kline, R. B. (2019). Olgunluk çağı (M. Baloğlu, Çev.). S. Şen (Ed.), Yapısal eşitlik modellemesinin ilkeleri ve uygulaması içinde (ss. 7-24). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kısa, Y. D., Aktan-Erciyes, A., Turan, E., & Göksun, T. (2019). Parental use of spatial language and gestures in early childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 149-167.
  • Loewenstein, J., & Gentner, D. (2005). Relational language and the development of relational mapping. Cognitive Psychology, 50, 315-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.09.004
  • Mart, M., Alisinanoğlu, F., Kesicioğlu, O. S., & Erşan, Ş. (2023). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların mekânda konumla ilgili kavramları kullanma düzeylerinin incelenmesi. FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, (21), 479-503.
  • NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Indiana: Author.
  • Newcombe, N. S., & Shipley, T. F. (2015). Thinking about spatial thinking: New typology, new assessments. In J. S. Gero (Ed.), Studying visual and spatial reasoning for design creativity (pp. 179-192). Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9297-4_10
  • Öğütcen, A., Akman, B. ve Doğan, N. (2025). Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Uzamsal Algı Testi’nin geliştirilmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (64), 400-422.
  • Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Routledge.
  • Park, Y., & Casasola, M. (2017). The impact of object type on the spatial analogies in Korean preschoolers. Cognitive Psychology, 94, 53-66.
  • Polinsky, N., Perez, J., Grehl, M., & McCrink, K. (2017). Encouraging spatial talk: Using children’s museums to bolster spatial reasoning. Mind, Brain, and Education, 11, 144-152. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1111/mbe.12145
  • Pruden, S. M., Levine, S. C., & Huttenlocher, J. (2011). Children’s spatial thinking: Does talk about the spatial world matter? Developmental Science, 14, 1417-1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j .1467-7687.2011.01088.x
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2020). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı (M. Baloğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Velicer, W. F. & Fava, J. L. (1998). Effects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3(2), 231-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
  • Verdine, B. N., Bunger, A., Athanasopoulou, A., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2017). Shape up: An eye-tracking study of preschoolers’ shape name processing and spatial development. Developmental Psychology, 53, 1869-1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000384
  • Verdine, B. N., Zimmermann, L., Foster, L., Marzouk, M. A., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Newcombe, N. (2019). Effects of geometric toy design on parent-child interactions and spatial language. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 46, 126-141.

Development of Positional Language Scale

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 4 , 988 - 1007 , 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1754597
https://izlik.org/JA64GS28LE

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing the spatial vocabulary of children aged 48 to 72 months. In the process of creating the Positional Language Scale (PLS), theoretical groundwork was laid, and relevant literature was reviewed. An item pool was organized based on feedback from 10 experts as well as two preliminary applications conducted with 41 children. A 20-item trial form was developed. A trial application was carried out with data collected from 192 children. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a structure comprising 17 items in two factors was identified. Additionally, the results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated a model that aligns well with the data within acceptable limits (χ²/df=2.23, RMSEA=0.043, RMR=0.044, CFI=0.98, NNFI=0.98, NFI=0.97, AGFI=0.87, GFI=0.89, RFI=0.96). When comparing the results of the KR-20 analysis for the sub-dimensions of the measurement tool, the internal consistency coefficients were found to be 0.64 and 0.19, respectively. Using the Lower 27%-Upper 27% Method, significant differences between groups were observed for both factors (p=.000). The test-retest reliability levels were determined to be 0.84 and 0.75, respectively. Overall, the findings indicated that the measurement tool was valid and reliable.

References

  • Balcomb, F., Newcombe, N. S., & Ferrara, K. (2011). Finding where and saying where: Developmental relationships between place learning and language in the first year. Journal of Cognition and Development, 12(3), 315-331.
  • Bay, D. N. (2020). Resimli çocuk kitaplarının MEB Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programındaki temel kavramlar açısından incelenmesi. International Primary Education Research Journal, 4(1), 12-24.
  • Bower, C. A., Foster, L., Zimmermann, L., Verdine, B. N., Marzouk, M., Islam, S., … Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2020a). Three-year-olds’ spatial language comprehension and links with mathematics and spatial performance. Developmental Psychology, 56(10), 1894-1905. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001098
  • Bower, C., Zimmermann, L., Verdine, B., Toub, T. S., Islam, S., Foster, L., … Golinkoff, R. M. (2020b). Piecing together the role of a spatial assembly intervention in preschoolers’ spatial and mathematics learning: Influences of gesture, spatial language, and socioeconomic status. Developmental Psychology, 56(4), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000899
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
  • Casasola, M., & Ahn, Y. A. (2018). What develops in infants’ spatial categorization? Korean infants’ categorization of containment and tight-fit relations. Child Development, 89(4), e382-e396.
  • Casasola, M., Bhagwat, J., & Burke, A. S. (2009). Learning to form a spatial category of tight-fit relations: How experience with a label can give a boost. Developmental Psychology, 45, 711-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015475
  • Casasola, M., Bhagwat, J., Doan, S. N., & Love, H. (2017). Getting some space: Infants’ and caregivers’ containment and support spatial constructions during play. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 159, 110-128.
  • Casasola, M., Wei, W. S., Suh, D. D., Donskoy, P., & Ransom, A. (2020). Children’s exposure to spatial language promotes their spatial thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(6), 1116.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2008). The neural organization of spatial thought and language. In Seminars in Speech and Language, 29(3), 226-238.
  • Clingan-Siverly, S., Nelson, P. M., Göksun, T., & Demir Lira, Ö. E. (2021). Spatial thinking in term and preterm-born preschoolers: relations to parent–child speech and gesture. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 651678.
  • Copley, J. V. (2000). The young child and mathematics. National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1509 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1426.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2021). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları (6. Baskı) (ss. 177-250). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2021). Ölçek geliştirme-kuram ve uygulamalar, (3. Baskı). T. Totan (Çev. Ed.). Daha kapsamlı araştırma alanlarında ölçme içinde (ss. 185-192). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (pp. 259-418). New York: McGraw Hall.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (pp. 778-832). London: Sage Publications.
  • Frick, A., Hansen, M. A., & Newcombe, N. S. (2013). Development of mental rotation in 3-to 5-year-old children. Cognitive Development, 28(4), 386-399.
  • Gentner, D., Özyürek, A., Gürcanli, Ö., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2013). Spatial language facilitates spatial cognition: Evidence from children who lack language input. Cognition, 127(3), 318-330.
  • Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
  • Hasançebi, B., Terzi, Y., ve Küçük, Z. (2020). Madde güçlük indeksi ve madde ayırt edicilik indeksine dayalı çeldirici analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 224-240.
  • Hawes, Z., Moss, J., Caswell, B., & Poliszczuk, D. (2015). Effects of mental rotation training on children’s spatial and mathematics performance: A randomized controlled study. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 4(3), 60-68.
  • Jirout, J. J., & Newcombe, N. S. (2014). Mazes and maps: Can young children find their way?. Mind, Brain, and Education, 8(2), 89-96.
  • Karadeniz, M. H. (2014). Okul öncesi çocuklarda mekânsal ilişkiler: Harita örnekleri. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(4), 1757-1774.
  • Kline, R. B. (2019). Olgunluk çağı (M. Baloğlu, Çev.). S. Şen (Ed.), Yapısal eşitlik modellemesinin ilkeleri ve uygulaması içinde (ss. 7-24). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kısa, Y. D., Aktan-Erciyes, A., Turan, E., & Göksun, T. (2019). Parental use of spatial language and gestures in early childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 149-167.
  • Loewenstein, J., & Gentner, D. (2005). Relational language and the development of relational mapping. Cognitive Psychology, 50, 315-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.09.004
  • Mart, M., Alisinanoğlu, F., Kesicioğlu, O. S., & Erşan, Ş. (2023). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların mekânda konumla ilgili kavramları kullanma düzeylerinin incelenmesi. FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, (21), 479-503.
  • NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Indiana: Author.
  • Newcombe, N. S., & Shipley, T. F. (2015). Thinking about spatial thinking: New typology, new assessments. In J. S. Gero (Ed.), Studying visual and spatial reasoning for design creativity (pp. 179-192). Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9297-4_10
  • Öğütcen, A., Akman, B. ve Doğan, N. (2025). Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Uzamsal Algı Testi’nin geliştirilmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (64), 400-422.
  • Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Routledge.
  • Park, Y., & Casasola, M. (2017). The impact of object type on the spatial analogies in Korean preschoolers. Cognitive Psychology, 94, 53-66.
  • Polinsky, N., Perez, J., Grehl, M., & McCrink, K. (2017). Encouraging spatial talk: Using children’s museums to bolster spatial reasoning. Mind, Brain, and Education, 11, 144-152. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1111/mbe.12145
  • Pruden, S. M., Levine, S. C., & Huttenlocher, J. (2011). Children’s spatial thinking: Does talk about the spatial world matter? Developmental Science, 14, 1417-1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j .1467-7687.2011.01088.x
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2020). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı (M. Baloğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Velicer, W. F. & Fava, J. L. (1998). Effects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3(2), 231-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
  • Verdine, B. N., Bunger, A., Athanasopoulou, A., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2017). Shape up: An eye-tracking study of preschoolers’ shape name processing and spatial development. Developmental Psychology, 53, 1869-1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000384
  • Verdine, B. N., Zimmermann, L., Foster, L., Marzouk, M. A., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Newcombe, N. (2019). Effects of geometric toy design on parent-child interactions and spatial language. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 46, 126-141.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Turkish Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Kural Kınık 0000-0003-4423-5453

Müge Şen 0000-0003-4854-6531

Submission Date July 31, 2025
Acceptance Date October 25, 2025
Publication Date October 29, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1754597
IZ https://izlik.org/JA64GS28LE
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kural Kınık, E., & Şen, M. (2025). Mekânda Konum Sözcük Dağarcığı Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 13(4), 988-1007. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1754597