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Nurses’ mental health status, work motivation levels and related factors during the pandemic period

Year 2022, , 211 - 220, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1111315

Abstract

Aim: This study is aimed to examine the mental health status, work motivation levels and related factors of nurses who care for COVID-19 patients during the pandemic period.

Materials and Methods: This study was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected at a university hospital between October 2021 and January 2022. Personal Information Form developed by the researchers based on the literature, General Health Questionnaire-28, and Nurse Job Motivation Scale were used to collect the data.

Results: More than half of the nurses (56.1%) were in the risk group in terms of mental health. There is a negative significant relationship between the work motivation levels of nurses and their mental health status. In addition, it has been determined that the number of patients affecting the workload of nurses during the pandemic process is related to the mental states and motivations of the nurses.

Conclusion: Strategies should be developed to increase nurses’ motivation and to improve their mental health in health institutions that care for COVID-19 cases.

References

  • World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Published March 2020. Accessed December 6, 2021.
  • Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, et al. The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Current psychiatry reports. 2020;22(8):43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z
  • Armocida B, Formenti B, Ussai S, Palestra F, Missoni E. The Italian health system and the COVID-19 challenge. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5),e253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30074-8
  • WHO 2020. COVID 19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Global Research and Innovation Forum: Towards a Research Roadmap. R&D Blueprint: World Health Organization (2020), pp. 1-7.
  • Çevirme A, Kurt A. Covid-19 pandemia and its reflections to nursing profession. EJRSE. 2020:7(5);46-52.
  • Choi KR, Skrine Jeffers K, Logsdon MC. Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak. J Adv Nurs. 2020;15:1–2. doi: 10.1111/jan.14369.
  • Graham Y, Fox A, Scott J, Johnson M. How a pandemic affects the mental health of the nursing workforce. Nurs Times. 2020;116(8):20–2.
  • Lam SK, Kwong EW, Hung MS, Pang SM, Chien WT. A qualitative descriptive study of the contextual factors influencing the practice of emergency nurses in managing emerging infectious diseases. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2019;14(1):1626179. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1626179
  • Gómez-Durán EL, Martin-Fumadó C, Forero CG. Psychological impact of quarantine on healthcare workers. Occup Environ Med. 2020;77(10):666–74. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106587
  • Ranney ML, Griffeth V, Jha AK. Critical supply shortages—the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic. New Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):e41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2006141.
  • Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28:1002-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014
  • Maben J, Bridges J. Covid-19: supporting nurses’ psychological and mental health. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(15–16):2742–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15307
  • Halcomb E, McInnes S, Williams A, et al. The experiences of primary healthcare nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2020;52(5):553–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12589
  • Batra K, Singh TP, Sharma M, Batra R, Schvaneveldt N. Investigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):9096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239096
  • Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;88:901–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;87:11-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
  • Köse S, Gezginci E, Göktaş S, Murat M. The effectiveness of motivational messages to intensive care unit nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2021;103161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103161
  • Lateef F. Face to face with coronavirus disease 19: Maintaining motivation, psychological safety, and wellness. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock. 2020;13(2):116-23. doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_27_20
  • Rathore S, Kumar A, Gautam A. Life satisfaction and life orientation as predictors of psychological well-being. Int J Indian Psychol. 2015;3(1):20-7.
  • Ulrich C, O’Donnell P, Taylor C, Farrar A, Danis M, Grady C. Ethical climate, ethics stress, and the job satisfaction of nurses and social workers in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(8):1708–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.050
  • Kılıç C. Common Methodological Errors in Psychiatric Research. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;7(1):3-9.
  • Engin E, Çam MO. The nurses job motivation scale: validity and reliability. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2016;32(3):1-13.
  • Shen X, Zou X, Zhong X, Yan J, Li L. Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19. Crit. Care. 2020;24(1):200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02926-2
  • Muller AE, Hafstad EV, Himmels JPV, et al. The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
  • Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study. Environmental Research. 2021;194:110620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110620
  • Gao Y, Pan B, Sun W, Wu H, Wang J, Wang L. Anxiety symptoms among Chinese nurses and the associated factors: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:141. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-141.
  • Mark G, Smith AP. Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2012;17:505-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02051.x
  • Çolak M, Erol S. General health and physical activity levels of healthcare employees and affecting factors. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2021;24(2):139-47. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.582280
  • Bahadir-Yilmaz E, Yüksel A. State anxiety levels of nurses providing care to patients with COVID-19 in Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2020;57:1088-1094. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12661
  • Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L. Nurses’ mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2020;62(10);783-787. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001987
  • Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424
  • Hakmal H, Karadağ M, Demir C. Investigation of factors affecting the motivation levels of nurses: a study in Gülhane military medical faculty training hospital. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2012;15(3):181-187.
  • Doğanlı B, Demirci Ç. A Research on Determinant Factors of Motivation among Health Institutions’ Staff (Nurses). Journal of Management and Economics. 2014;21(1):47-60. https://doi.org/0.18657/yecbu.49076
  • Kundak Z, Taş HÜ, Keleş A, Eğicioğlu H. Job satisfaction and motivation in nursing profession. Kocatepe Medical Journal. 2015;16(1):1-10.
  • Bayer N, Gölbaşı Z, Esenkaya E. The Relationship of intrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation with the attitude of gender roles in nurses. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies. 2022;5(1):22-31. https://doi.org/0.38108/ouhcd.930986
  • Alshekaili M, Hassan W, Al Said N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes across healthcare settings in Oman during COVID-19: frontline versus non-frontline healthcare workers. BMJ open. 2020;10(10):e042030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042030
  • Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control. 2020;48(6):592-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
  • Gönültaş T, Aytaç N, Akbaba, M. Research on job satisfaction in nurses working in Cukurova University Balcalı hospital. Sakarya Med J. 2018;8(1):20-29.
  • Kim SC, Rankin L, Ferguson J. Nurses’ mental health from early COVID‐19 pandemic to vaccination. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2021;00:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12760
  • Saleh MO, Eshah NF, Rayan AH. Empowerment predicting nurses’ work motivation and occupational mental health. SAGE Open Nursing. 2022;8:23779608221076811. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221076811.
  • Zainaro MA, Ridwan R, Isnainy UCAS. Motivation and workload of nurses with nurse performance in handling events of corona virus (Covid-19). Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2021;6(4):673-680. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v6i4.688
  • Tatar Yüksel C, Özgür G. The relatıon between depressıon symptomes’ level and stress copıng strategıes of nurses. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2008;24(1):67-82.
  • Baksi A, Durmaz Eder A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and General Health Status of Intensive Care Nurses. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2020;7(2):130-137. https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.763157

Pandemi döneminde hemşirelerin ruh sağlığı durumları, iş motivasyon düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler

Year 2022, , 211 - 220, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1111315

Abstract

Amaç: Pandemi döneminde COVİD-19 hastalarına bakım veren hemşirelerin ruh sağlığı durumlarını, iş motivasyon düzeylerini ve ilişkili faktörleri incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı türde kesitsel bir araştırma olarak planlanmıştır. Veriler Ekim 2021 ile Ocak 2022 arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde toplandı. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından literatüre dayalı olarak geliştirilen Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Genel Sağlık Anketi–28 ve Hemşire İş Motivasyon Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yarısından fazlası (%56,1) ruh sağlığı açısından riskli gruptadır. Hemşirelerin iş motivasyon düzeyi ile ruh sağlığı durumları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Ayrıca pandemi sürecinde hemşirelerin iş yükünü etkileyen hasta sayısının hemşirelerin ruhsal durumları ve motivasyonları ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: COVİD-19 vakalarına bakım veren sağlık kurumlarında hemşirelerin motivasyonunu artıracak ve ruh sağlığı durumlarını iyileştirecek stratejiler geliştirilmelidir.

References

  • World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Published March 2020. Accessed December 6, 2021.
  • Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, et al. The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Current psychiatry reports. 2020;22(8):43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z
  • Armocida B, Formenti B, Ussai S, Palestra F, Missoni E. The Italian health system and the COVID-19 challenge. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5),e253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30074-8
  • WHO 2020. COVID 19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Global Research and Innovation Forum: Towards a Research Roadmap. R&D Blueprint: World Health Organization (2020), pp. 1-7.
  • Çevirme A, Kurt A. Covid-19 pandemia and its reflections to nursing profession. EJRSE. 2020:7(5);46-52.
  • Choi KR, Skrine Jeffers K, Logsdon MC. Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak. J Adv Nurs. 2020;15:1–2. doi: 10.1111/jan.14369.
  • Graham Y, Fox A, Scott J, Johnson M. How a pandemic affects the mental health of the nursing workforce. Nurs Times. 2020;116(8):20–2.
  • Lam SK, Kwong EW, Hung MS, Pang SM, Chien WT. A qualitative descriptive study of the contextual factors influencing the practice of emergency nurses in managing emerging infectious diseases. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2019;14(1):1626179. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1626179
  • Gómez-Durán EL, Martin-Fumadó C, Forero CG. Psychological impact of quarantine on healthcare workers. Occup Environ Med. 2020;77(10):666–74. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106587
  • Ranney ML, Griffeth V, Jha AK. Critical supply shortages—the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic. New Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):e41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2006141.
  • Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28:1002-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014
  • Maben J, Bridges J. Covid-19: supporting nurses’ psychological and mental health. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(15–16):2742–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15307
  • Halcomb E, McInnes S, Williams A, et al. The experiences of primary healthcare nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2020;52(5):553–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12589
  • Batra K, Singh TP, Sharma M, Batra R, Schvaneveldt N. Investigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):9096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239096
  • Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;88:901–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;87:11-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
  • Köse S, Gezginci E, Göktaş S, Murat M. The effectiveness of motivational messages to intensive care unit nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2021;103161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103161
  • Lateef F. Face to face with coronavirus disease 19: Maintaining motivation, psychological safety, and wellness. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock. 2020;13(2):116-23. doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_27_20
  • Rathore S, Kumar A, Gautam A. Life satisfaction and life orientation as predictors of psychological well-being. Int J Indian Psychol. 2015;3(1):20-7.
  • Ulrich C, O’Donnell P, Taylor C, Farrar A, Danis M, Grady C. Ethical climate, ethics stress, and the job satisfaction of nurses and social workers in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(8):1708–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.050
  • Kılıç C. Common Methodological Errors in Psychiatric Research. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;7(1):3-9.
  • Engin E, Çam MO. The nurses job motivation scale: validity and reliability. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2016;32(3):1-13.
  • Shen X, Zou X, Zhong X, Yan J, Li L. Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19. Crit. Care. 2020;24(1):200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02926-2
  • Muller AE, Hafstad EV, Himmels JPV, et al. The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
  • Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study. Environmental Research. 2021;194:110620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110620
  • Gao Y, Pan B, Sun W, Wu H, Wang J, Wang L. Anxiety symptoms among Chinese nurses and the associated factors: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:141. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-141.
  • Mark G, Smith AP. Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2012;17:505-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02051.x
  • Çolak M, Erol S. General health and physical activity levels of healthcare employees and affecting factors. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2021;24(2):139-47. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.582280
  • Bahadir-Yilmaz E, Yüksel A. State anxiety levels of nurses providing care to patients with COVID-19 in Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2020;57:1088-1094. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12661
  • Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L. Nurses’ mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2020;62(10);783-787. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001987
  • Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424
  • Hakmal H, Karadağ M, Demir C. Investigation of factors affecting the motivation levels of nurses: a study in Gülhane military medical faculty training hospital. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2012;15(3):181-187.
  • Doğanlı B, Demirci Ç. A Research on Determinant Factors of Motivation among Health Institutions’ Staff (Nurses). Journal of Management and Economics. 2014;21(1):47-60. https://doi.org/0.18657/yecbu.49076
  • Kundak Z, Taş HÜ, Keleş A, Eğicioğlu H. Job satisfaction and motivation in nursing profession. Kocatepe Medical Journal. 2015;16(1):1-10.
  • Bayer N, Gölbaşı Z, Esenkaya E. The Relationship of intrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation with the attitude of gender roles in nurses. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies. 2022;5(1):22-31. https://doi.org/0.38108/ouhcd.930986
  • Alshekaili M, Hassan W, Al Said N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes across healthcare settings in Oman during COVID-19: frontline versus non-frontline healthcare workers. BMJ open. 2020;10(10):e042030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042030
  • Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control. 2020;48(6):592-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
  • Gönültaş T, Aytaç N, Akbaba, M. Research on job satisfaction in nurses working in Cukurova University Balcalı hospital. Sakarya Med J. 2018;8(1):20-29.
  • Kim SC, Rankin L, Ferguson J. Nurses’ mental health from early COVID‐19 pandemic to vaccination. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2021;00:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12760
  • Saleh MO, Eshah NF, Rayan AH. Empowerment predicting nurses’ work motivation and occupational mental health. SAGE Open Nursing. 2022;8:23779608221076811. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221076811.
  • Zainaro MA, Ridwan R, Isnainy UCAS. Motivation and workload of nurses with nurse performance in handling events of corona virus (Covid-19). Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2021;6(4):673-680. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v6i4.688
  • Tatar Yüksel C, Özgür G. The relatıon between depressıon symptomes’ level and stress copıng strategıes of nurses. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2008;24(1):67-82.
  • Baksi A, Durmaz Eder A. Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and General Health Status of Intensive Care Nurses. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2020;7(2):130-137. https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.763157
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Kaplan 0000-0001-8242-0110

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date April 29, 2022
Acceptance Date November 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

AMA Kaplan A. Nurses’ mental health status, work motivation levels and related factors during the pandemic period. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. December 2022;8(3):211-220. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1111315