Kalkaneal ve dorsal spur ile ayağın diğer morfolojik özelliklerinin ilişkisinin radyolojik olarak araştırılması
Year 2024,
, 126 - 133, 30.08.2024
Halil Öğüt
,
Bilge Türkmen
,
Duygu Akın Saygın
,
Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz
Abstract
Amaç: Ayak, vücudumuzun en çok ihmal edilen kısımlarından biridir. Ayak ağrısının nedenlerinden biri, kalkaneal kemiğin altında oluşan kemik çıkıntısı olan plantar kalkaneal mahmuz (PCS) ve kalkaneusun dorsalinde görülen dorsal mahmuzdur (DS). Çalışmamızın amacı PCS ve DS'yi morfolojik olarak incelemektir
Gereç ve Yöntem: PCS'li 235 hasta dahil edildi. Plantar kalkaneal mahmuz uzunluğu (PCSL), plantar kalkaneal mahmuz kalınlığı (PCST), Fowler-Philip açısı (FPA) ve plantar kalkaneal yağ dokusu kalınlığı (PCFT) bakıldı ve kalkaneal mahmuzlu hastalarda plantar kalkaneal mahmuzu (PCS) ve dorsal mahmuzu (DS) sınıflandırmaları yapıldı.
Bulgular: Hastaların %57,4'ünde bilateral PCS bulundu. Sağ PCS'li hastaların %43,5'inde ve sol PCS'li hastaların %40,3'ünde DS bulundu. Büyük DS tipleri erkeklerde kadınlardan daha yüksek düzeyde bulundu. Sağ PCFT'nin PCS'li hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu bulundu (p=0,034).
Sonuç: PKS hastalarının çoğunluğunun iki taraflı PKS'ye sahip olduğu, DS'nin görülebildiği ve PKSU ile PKSK arasında güçlü bir korelasyon olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Ethical Statement
Ethical approval This study was approved by the ethics committee HATAY mUSTAFA KEMAL University (2021/29)
Informed consent All patients were provided written consent.
*This study conformed tothe Helsinki Declaration.
Supporting Institution
DESTEKLEYİCİ BİR KURULUŞ YOKTUR.
Thanks
TÜM HASTALARIMIZA TEŞEKKÜR EDİYORUZ
References
- Kirkpatrick J, Yassaie O, Mirjalili SA. The plantar calcaneal spur: a review of anatomy, histology, etiology and key associations. Journal of Anatomy. 2017; 230(6):743-751. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12607.
- Yalcin E, Keskin Akca A, Selcuk B, Kurtaran A, Akyuz M. Effects of extracorporal shock wave therapy on symptomatic heel spurs: a correlation between clinical outcome and radiologic changes. Rheumatology International 2012;32(2):343-347. doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1622-z.
- Kutlu A. The Cavus Deformity of the Foot and Its Therapy. Selcuk Medical Journal. 1990;6(1):28-35.
- Kutlu, A. Osteoid Osteoma Of Os CalcIs. Selcuk Medical Journal. 1990;6(2):226-229.
- Küçükakkaş O, Öz B, Koçyiğit H. Efficac of different doses of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with painful calcaneal spur. Turk Journal Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. 2017; 63: 31-41.
- Costantino C, Vulpiani MC, Romiti D, Vetrano M, Saraceni VM. Cryoultrasound therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with heel spurs. A randomized controlled clinical study. Europen Journal Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 2014; 50(1):39-47.
- Kuyucu E, Koçyiğit F, Erdil M. The association of calcaneal spur length and clinical and functional parameters in plantar fasciitis. International Journal of Surgery. 2015;21:28-31. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.078.
- Başdelioğlu K. Radiologic and Demographic Characteristics of Patients With Plantar Calcaneal Spur. Journal Foot Ankle Surgery. 2021; 60(1):51-54. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2020.06.016.
- Beytemür O, Öncü M. The age dependent change in the incidence of calcaneal spur. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2018; 52(5):367-371. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aott.2018.06.013.
- Bulstra GH, van Rheenen TA, Scholtes VA. Can We Measure the Heel Bump? Radiographic Evaluation of Haglund's Deformity. J Foot Ankle Surgery. 2015;54(3):338-340. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.07.006.
- Turgut A, Göktürk E, Köse N, Seber S, Hazer B, Günal Î. The Relationship of Heel Pad Elasticity and Plantar Heel Pain. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®.1999;360:191-196
- Belhan O, Kaya M, Gurger M. The thickness of heel fat-pad in patients with plantar fasciitis. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica. 2019;53(6):463-467.
- Tong J, Lim CS, Goh OL. Technique to study the biomechanical properties of the human calcaneal heel pad. The Foot. 2003;13(2):83-91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-2592(02)00149-9.
- Notari MA, Mittler BE. An investigation of Fowler-Philip's angle in diagnosing Haglund's deformity. Journal of American Podiatry Medical Association. 1984;74(10):486-489. doi:10.7547/87507315-74-10-486.
- Ahmad J, Karim A, Daniel JN. Relationship and Classification of Plantar Heel Spurs in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis. Foot Ankle International. 2016; 37(9):994-1000. doi:10.1177/1071100716649925.
- Duran E, Bilgin E, Ertenli A, Kalyoncu U. The frequency of Achilles and plantar calcaneal spurs in gout patients. Turk Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;51(4):1841-1848. doi:10.3906/sag-2011-201
- Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics.2007;5 .
- Hayta E, Salk I, Gumus C, Tuncay MS, Cetin A. Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy effectively reduces calcaneal spur length and spur-related pain in overweight and obese patients. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2017;30(1):17-22.
- Ercan S, Çetin C. Semptomatik Kalkaneal Spurlularda Ekstrakorporeal Şok Dalga Terapisi (ESWT) Tedavisinin Erken Dönem Sonuçlarını Etkileyen İntrensek Faktörler.Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine .2017;52(1) .
- Ermutlu C, Aksakal M, Gümüştaş A, Özkaya G, Kovalak E Özkan Y. Thickness of plantar fascia is not predictive of functional outcome in plantar fasciitis treatment. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica. 2018;52(6):442-446.
- Zhou B, Zhou Y, Tao X, Yuan C, Tang K. Classification of Calcaneal Spurs and Their Relationship With Plantar Fasciitis. Journal Foot Ankle Surgery. 2015;54(4):594-600. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.11.009.
- Gladman DD, Abufayyah M, Salonen D, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V. Radiological characteristics of the calcaneal spurs in psoriatic arthritis. Clinical Experimental Rheumatology. 2014; 32(3):401-403.
- Başdelioğlu K. Radiologic and demographic characteristics of patients with plantar calcaneal spur. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021;60(1): 51-54.
- Riepert T, Drechsler T, Urban R, Schild H, Mattern R. The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 1995;162(6):502-505.
- Gutierrez P, Navarro M, Ojeda M. Radiologic morphology of the calcaneus: a study of radiologic angles in a pediatric population. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2013;103(1):32-35. doi:10.7547/1030032.
- Riepert T, Drechsler T, Urban R, Schild H, Mattern R. The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 1995;162(6):502-505.
Calcaneal and dorsal spur morphological and morphometric measurements; 'A radiological study'
Year 2024,
, 126 - 133, 30.08.2024
Halil Öğüt
,
Bilge Türkmen
,
Duygu Akın Saygın
,
Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz
Abstract
Aim: The foot is one of the most neglected parts of our body. One of the causes of foot pain is the plantar calcaneal spur (PCS), which is the bone protrusion formed under the calcaneal bone, and the dorsal spur (DS), which is seen dorsal to the calcaneus. Our study aimed to examine PCS and DS morphologically.
Materials and Methods: 235 patients with PCS were included in this retrospective study. Plantar calcaneal spur length (PCSL), plantar calcaneal spur thickness (PCST), Fowler-Philip angle (FPA), and plantar calcaneal fat tissue thickness (PCFT) with radiology in patients with the calcaneal spur, and also to classify plantar calcaneal spur (PCS) and dorsal spur (DS).
Results: Bilateral PCS was found in 57.4% of the patients. DS was found in 43.5% of the patients with right PCS and 40.3% of the patients with left PCS. Large DS types were found at a higher level in males than females. Right PCFT was found to be significantly higher in patients with PCS compared to the control group (p=0.034).
Conclusion: It was concluded that the majority of PCS patients had bilateral PCS, DS could be seen and there was a strong correlation between PCSL and PCST.
Ethical Statement
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the ethics committee decision numbered 11/29 and dated 04.10.2021. This study conformed to the Helsinki Declaration This study conformed tothe Helsinki Declaration.
Supporting Institution
There is no person/organization that financially supports this study.
References
- Kirkpatrick J, Yassaie O, Mirjalili SA. The plantar calcaneal spur: a review of anatomy, histology, etiology and key associations. Journal of Anatomy. 2017; 230(6):743-751. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12607.
- Yalcin E, Keskin Akca A, Selcuk B, Kurtaran A, Akyuz M. Effects of extracorporal shock wave therapy on symptomatic heel spurs: a correlation between clinical outcome and radiologic changes. Rheumatology International 2012;32(2):343-347. doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1622-z.
- Kutlu A. The Cavus Deformity of the Foot and Its Therapy. Selcuk Medical Journal. 1990;6(1):28-35.
- Kutlu, A. Osteoid Osteoma Of Os CalcIs. Selcuk Medical Journal. 1990;6(2):226-229.
- Küçükakkaş O, Öz B, Koçyiğit H. Efficac of different doses of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with painful calcaneal spur. Turk Journal Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. 2017; 63: 31-41.
- Costantino C, Vulpiani MC, Romiti D, Vetrano M, Saraceni VM. Cryoultrasound therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with heel spurs. A randomized controlled clinical study. Europen Journal Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 2014; 50(1):39-47.
- Kuyucu E, Koçyiğit F, Erdil M. The association of calcaneal spur length and clinical and functional parameters in plantar fasciitis. International Journal of Surgery. 2015;21:28-31. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.078.
- Başdelioğlu K. Radiologic and Demographic Characteristics of Patients With Plantar Calcaneal Spur. Journal Foot Ankle Surgery. 2021; 60(1):51-54. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2020.06.016.
- Beytemür O, Öncü M. The age dependent change in the incidence of calcaneal spur. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2018; 52(5):367-371. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aott.2018.06.013.
- Bulstra GH, van Rheenen TA, Scholtes VA. Can We Measure the Heel Bump? Radiographic Evaluation of Haglund's Deformity. J Foot Ankle Surgery. 2015;54(3):338-340. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.07.006.
- Turgut A, Göktürk E, Köse N, Seber S, Hazer B, Günal Î. The Relationship of Heel Pad Elasticity and Plantar Heel Pain. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®.1999;360:191-196
- Belhan O, Kaya M, Gurger M. The thickness of heel fat-pad in patients with plantar fasciitis. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica. 2019;53(6):463-467.
- Tong J, Lim CS, Goh OL. Technique to study the biomechanical properties of the human calcaneal heel pad. The Foot. 2003;13(2):83-91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-2592(02)00149-9.
- Notari MA, Mittler BE. An investigation of Fowler-Philip's angle in diagnosing Haglund's deformity. Journal of American Podiatry Medical Association. 1984;74(10):486-489. doi:10.7547/87507315-74-10-486.
- Ahmad J, Karim A, Daniel JN. Relationship and Classification of Plantar Heel Spurs in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis. Foot Ankle International. 2016; 37(9):994-1000. doi:10.1177/1071100716649925.
- Duran E, Bilgin E, Ertenli A, Kalyoncu U. The frequency of Achilles and plantar calcaneal spurs in gout patients. Turk Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;51(4):1841-1848. doi:10.3906/sag-2011-201
- Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics.2007;5 .
- Hayta E, Salk I, Gumus C, Tuncay MS, Cetin A. Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy effectively reduces calcaneal spur length and spur-related pain in overweight and obese patients. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2017;30(1):17-22.
- Ercan S, Çetin C. Semptomatik Kalkaneal Spurlularda Ekstrakorporeal Şok Dalga Terapisi (ESWT) Tedavisinin Erken Dönem Sonuçlarını Etkileyen İntrensek Faktörler.Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine .2017;52(1) .
- Ermutlu C, Aksakal M, Gümüştaş A, Özkaya G, Kovalak E Özkan Y. Thickness of plantar fascia is not predictive of functional outcome in plantar fasciitis treatment. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica. 2018;52(6):442-446.
- Zhou B, Zhou Y, Tao X, Yuan C, Tang K. Classification of Calcaneal Spurs and Their Relationship With Plantar Fasciitis. Journal Foot Ankle Surgery. 2015;54(4):594-600. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.11.009.
- Gladman DD, Abufayyah M, Salonen D, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V. Radiological characteristics of the calcaneal spurs in psoriatic arthritis. Clinical Experimental Rheumatology. 2014; 32(3):401-403.
- Başdelioğlu K. Radiologic and demographic characteristics of patients with plantar calcaneal spur. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021;60(1): 51-54.
- Riepert T, Drechsler T, Urban R, Schild H, Mattern R. The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 1995;162(6):502-505.
- Gutierrez P, Navarro M, Ojeda M. Radiologic morphology of the calcaneus: a study of radiologic angles in a pediatric population. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2013;103(1):32-35. doi:10.7547/1030032.
- Riepert T, Drechsler T, Urban R, Schild H, Mattern R. The incidence, age dependence and sex distribution of the calcaneal spur. An analysis of its x-ray morphology in 1027 patients of the central European population. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 1995;162(6):502-505.