Adli Uygulamalarda Yeni Nesil Dizileme Teknolojilerinin Yeri ve Önemi

Year 2024, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 267 - 284, 31.12.2024

Tuğba Tezcan , Mukaddes Asena Yıldırım Selin Özkan Kotiloğlu , Dilek Kaya-akyüzlü

Abstract

Günümüzde tüm dünyada adli kimliklendirmede otozomal STR (Short Tandem Repeat; Kısa Ardışık Tekrarlar) analizi altın standart olarak kabul edilmektedir ve birçok adli vaka için STR tiplemesi yeterli ayrım gücü sağlamaktadır. Özellikle can kaybının çok olduğu, vücut bütünlüğünün bozulduğu ve DNA örneğinin az ya da karışmış veya parçalanmış olduğu felaket kurbanlarının kimliklendirilmesinde X ve Y kromozomu STR belirteçleri (X-STR ve Y-STR) ve mitokondriyal DNA analizi gibi ilave belirteçlerden de yararlanılmaktadır. Vücut sıvılarının kimliklendirilmesi, monozigotik ikizlerin ayrılması ve ölüm zamanının belirlenmesinde ise DNA metilasyon kalıpları ve miRNA analizleri gibi epigenetik değişiklikler değerlendirilmektedir. Tüm bu adli belirteçlerin yetersiz kaldığı vakalarda son yıllarda Yeni nesil dizileme (YND) teknolojilerinden de yararlanılmaktadır. YND tüm ekzom ya da tüm genomu hızlı bir şekilde dizileyen ve genom hakkında geniş çaplı bilgi edinmemizi sağlayan bir teknolojidir. Adli kimliklendirme ve vücut sıvılarını kimliklendirmenin yanı sıra adli entomolojik çalışmalar, kimerizm tespiti, soy ve fenotipik çıkarım araştırmaları da YND teknolojileri sayesinde hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde yapılabilmektedir. Bu derleme YND teknolojilerinin adli kimliklendirme ve diğer adli uygulamalardaki yeri ve önemine odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

Yeni Nesil Dizileme, Adli Kimliklendirme, DNA Dizileme

The Role and İmportance of Next Generation Sequencing Technologies in Forensic Applications

Abstract

The use of autosomal STR (short tandem repeat) analysis is now accepted as the gold standard in forensic identification worldwide. STR typing provides sufficient discrimination power for many forensic cases. Furthermore, additional markers, such as X and Y chromosome STR markers (X-STR and Y-STR) and mitochondrial DNA analysis, are employed in the identification of disaster victims, particularly in instances where there is a considerable loss of life, compromised body integrity, and a paucity of DNA samples, or when the samples are fragmented or mixed. The evaluation of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation patterns and miRNA analyses, is employed in the identification of body fluids, the separation of monozygotic twins and the determination of the time of death. In instances where the aforementioned forensic markers prove inadequate, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been employed in recent years. NGS is a technology that rapidly sequences the entire exome or genome, thereby enabling the acquisition of a comprehensive range of genomic data. In addition to forensic identification and body fluid identification, forensic entomological studies, chimerism detection, ancestry research and phenotypic inference studies can be carried out rapidly and reliably thanks to NGS technologies. The objective of this review is to examine the role and importance of NGS technologies in the context of forensic identification and other related forensic applications.

Keywords

Next Generation Sequencing, Forensic Identification, DNA Sequencing

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