Chitin, Chitosan and Their Application Areas in Dentistry

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 1206 - 1211, 01.07.2012

Meltem Derya Akkurt

Öz

In recent years, naturally derived polymers are undergoing a significant and fast development in medical and dentistry area. Among these polymers, chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are receiving considerable attention due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Chitin is found in many places in the nature. It is in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans e.g., crabs, lobsters and shrimps and insects. Chitin/chitosan were used in the many researchs and proven useful for medical and dentistry areas. In this review, considering the current studies, chitin/chitosan applications in dentistry are discussed

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dentistry, Chitin, Chitosan

Kitin, Kitosan ve Diş Hekimliğindeki Kullanım Alanları

Öz

Son yıllarda, doğal olarak elde edilen polimerler tıp ve diş hekimliğinde önem kazanmaktadır. Bunlar arasında kitin ve kitinin deasetilasyonu sonucu elde edilen kitosan biyouyumlu, biyoçözünür, nontoksik olması ve antimikrobiyal etkisi nedeniyle oldukça ilgi görmektedir. Kitin doğada birçok yerde bulunmaktadır. Mantarların hücre duvarında, böcekler ve kabuklu deniz hayvanlarının yengeç, istakoz, karides gibi kabuklarında, eklembacaklıların dış iskelet yapısında kitin bulunur. Kitinin endüstriyel ve tıbbi alanlarda faydaları çeşitli araştırmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede, günümüze kadar yapılmış olan çalışmalar göz önünde bulundurularak, kitin/kitosanın diş hekimliğindeki uygulama alanlarından bahsedilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dişhekimliği, Kitin, Kitosan

Kaynakça

• Demir A., Seventekin N. Kitin, kitosan ve genel kullanım alanları. Tekstil Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi. 3: 92-103, 2009.
• Sandford PA. Chitosan: Commercial uses and potential applications: G. Skjak-Brack, T. Anthonsen, P. Sandford (Eds.), Chitin and Chitosan Sources, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Properties and Applications. England: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., 1989, 51-69.
• Rabea EI., Badawy MET., Stevena CV., Smaggha G., Steurbaut W. Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: applications and mode of action. Biomacromolecules. 4: 1457-65, 2003.
• Ravikumar MNV. A review of chitin and chitosan applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 46: 1-27, 2000.
• Singla AK., Chawla M. Chitosan: Some pharmaceutical and biological aspects-an update. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 53: 1047-67, 2001.
• Berger J., Reist M., Mayer J.M., Fel O., Peppas N.A., Gurny R. Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur. 57: 19–34, 2004.
• Usami Y., Okamoto Y., Takayama T., Shigemasa Y., Minami S. Chitin and chitosan stimulate canine polymorphonuclear cells to release leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 42: 517-22, 1998.
• Bae K., Jun E.J., Lee S.M., Paik DI., Kim JB. Effect of water-soluble reduced chitosan on Streptococcus mutans, plaque regrowth and biofilm vitality. Clin. Oral Invest. 10: 102–107, 2006.
• Muzzarelli RAA. Amphoteric derivatives of chitosan and their biological significance: Skjak- Brak G., Anthonsen T., Sandford P., editors. Chitin and chitosan. New York: Elsevier, 1989, 87–99.
• Hayashi Y., Ohara N., Ganno T., Ishizaki H., Yanagiguchi K. Chitosan-containing gum chewing accelerates antibacterial effect with an increase in salivary secretion. J. Dent. 35: 871– 874, 2007.
• van der Mei HC., Engels E., de Vries J., Dijkstra R.J.B., Busscher H.J. Chitosan adsorption to salivary pellicles. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 115: 303– 307, 2007.
• Sano H., Matsukubo T., Shibasaki K., Itoi H., Takaesu Y. Inhibition of adsorption of oral streptococci to saliva treated hydroxyapatite by chitin derivatives. Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll. 32: 9-17, 1991.
• Tarsil R., Muzzarelli RAA., Guzman CA., Pruzzol C. Inhibition of streptococcus mutans adsorption to hydroxyapatite by low-molecular-weight chitosans. J. Dent Res. 76: 665-72, 1997.
• Decker EM., von Ohle C., Weiger R., Wiech I., Brecx M. A synergistic chlorhexidine/chitosan combination for improved antiplaque strategies. J. Periodont. Res. 40: 373–377, 2005.
• Ganza-Gonzalez A., Anguiano-Igea S., Otero-Espinar FJ., Mendez J.B. Chitosan and chondroitin microspheres for oral-administration controlled release of metoclopramide. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 48: 149-55, 1999.
• Mitra A., Dey B. Chitosan microspheres in novel drug delivery systems. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 73: 355-66, 2011.
• Özalp Ş. Kitosan ve propolis içeren yeni geliştirilmiş diş macunlarının diş dokuları üzerine etkilerinin ve biyomekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, 2007.
• Mohire NC., Yadav AV. Chitosan-based polyherbal toothpaste: A novel oral hygiene product. Indian J. Dent. Res. 21: 380-4, 2010.
• Fujiwara M., Hayashi Y., Ohara N. Inhibitory effect of water-soluble chitosan on growth of Streptococcus mutans. New Microbiol. 27: 83-6, 2004.
• Uysal T., Akkurt MD., Amasyalı M., Özcan S., Yağcı A., Basak F., Sağdıç D. Does a chitosan- containing dentifrice prevent demineralization around orthodontic brackets? Angle Orthodontist. 81: 319-25, 2011.
• Prosser HJ., Powis DR., Brant P., Wilson AD. Cha- racterisation of glass-ionomer cements. 7. The physical properties of current cements. J. Dent. 12: 231–40, 1984.
• Lang L., Rabek JF., Adamczak E., Morge S., Kaczmarek H., Wrzyszczynski AA. Polymer net- works in dentistry. Macromol. Symp. 93: 337– 50, 1995.
• Pawlowska E. The assessment of influence of chi- tosan on the dental pulp in rats. Adv. Chitin Sci. 2: 705–10, 1997.
• Petri DFS., Donega J JAJS. Preliminary study on chitosan modified glass ionomer restoratives. Dental Materials. 23: 1004-10, 2007.
• Mahapoka E., Arirachakaran P., Watthanap- hanit A., Rujiravanit R., Poolthong S. Chitosan whiskers from shrimp shells incorporated into dimethacrylate-based dental resin sealant. Dental Materials Journal. 31: 273–279, 2012.
• Calamari SE., Bojanich MA., Barembaum SR., Berdicevski N., Azcurra A.I. Antifungal and post- antifungal effects of chlorhexidine, fluconazole, chitosan and its combinations on Candida al- bicans. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 16: 23-8, 2011.
• Pimenta JA., Zaparolli D., Pécora JD., Cruz-Filho A.M. Chitosan: Effect of a new chelating agent on the microhardness of root dentin. Braz. Dent. J. 23: 212-7, 2012.
• Arnaud TM., de Barros Neto B., Diniz FB. Chitosan effect on dental enamel de-remineralization: An in vitro evaluation. J. Dent. 38: 848-52, 2010.
• Elsaka SE. Antibacterial activity and adhesive properties of a chitosan-containing dental adhesi- ve. Quintessence Int. 43: 603-13, 2012.