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Do The Dental Unit Water Lines and Its Water Risk in Dental Treatments?

Year 2007, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 10 - 20, 01.06.2007

Abstract

The quality and the standard of the waterin dental units became scientifically andlegally important together with the report ofthe microbiological contamination of thewater in the dental unit system, Recently, itis known that an active biofilm within dental unit waterlines can be a potential sourceof cross infection for both the patients andthe dentistry staff. In this review the formation of biofilm within the dental unit waterlines, the microbiological evaluation of thedental unit waterlines system, and the risksof the biofilm within the dental unit waterlines for both the patients and the dentistrystaff have been analyzed. The commonresult in the literature for this issue is to prevent the formation of biofilm or annihilatethe present biofilm which can be a causefor cross infection. Altough there are various methods, the practicability and the permanence of these methods are important

References

  • Walker JT, Bradshaw DJ, Finney M, et al :Microbiological evaluation of dental unit water systems in general dental practice in Europe. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004 Oct;112(5):412- 418
  • Kettering JD, Stephens JA, Munoz-Viveros CA, Naylor WP. Reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines: tap water versus distilled water. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2002 15;3(3):1-9
  • Blake GC: The incidence and control of bacterial infection of dental unit and ultrasonic scales. Br Dent J 1963, 15: 413-416.
  • Wirthlin MR, Marshall GW Jr, Rowland RW.:Formation and decontamination of biofilms in dental unit waterlines. J Periodontol. 2003 Nov;74(11):1595-1609
  • Fiehn NE, Larsen T: The effect of drying dental unit water- line biofilms on the bacterial load of dental unit water. Int Dent J. 2002 Aug;52(4):251-254.
  • Porteous NB, Redding SW, Thompson EH, Grooters AM, De Hoog S, Sutton DA. Isolation of an unusual fungus in treated dental unit waterlines. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003,134: 853-858.
  • Syzmanska J: Biofilm and dental unit waterlines. Ann Agric Environ Med 2003,10: 151–157.
  • Barbeau J, Tanguay R, Faucher E, Avezard C, Trudel L, Côté L, Prévost A: Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental units. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996, 62: 3954-3959.
  • Abel LC, Miller RL, Micik RE, Ryge G: Studies on dental aerobiogy: IV. Bacterial contamination of water delivered by dental units. J Dent Res. 1971, 50:1567-69.
  • Shearer BG: Bioflim and the dental office. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996, 127:181-189
  • Challacombe S J, Path FRC, Fernandes L L : Detecting Leigionella pneumophila in water systems: Comparison of various dental units, . J Am Dent Assoc. 1995, 126: 603-608.
  • Santiago JI, Huntington MK, Johnston AM, Quinn RS, Williams JF: Microbial contamination of dental unit water lines: Short - and Long-term effects of flushing. Gen Dent 1994, 42: 528-535.
  • Meiller TF, Depaola LG, Kelley JI, Baqui AA, Turng BF, Falkler WA. Dental unit waterlines: biofilms, disinfection and recurrence. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999, Jan;130(1):65- 72
  • Kettering JD, Munoz-Viveros CA, Stephens JA, Naylor WP, Zhang W. Reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines: distilled water vs. antimicrobial agents. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2002, 30:735-741.
  • Williams JF, Andrews N, Santiago JI: Microbial contami- nation of dental unit waterlines: current preventive meas- ures and emerging options. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1996, 17, 691-708.
  • Fletcher M: The physiologival activity of bacteria attached to solid surfaces. Adv Microb Physiol 1991, 32: 53-85.
  • Carpentier B, Cerf O: Biofilms and their consequences, with particular reference to hygiene and the food industry. J Appl Bacteriol 1993, 75: 499-511.
  • O’Toole GA, Kolter R: Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm develop- ment. Mol Microbiol 1998, 30: 295-304.
  • Pratt LA, Kolter R: Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation: Roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili. Mol Microbiol 1998, 30: 285-293.
  • Sauer K, Camper AK: Characterization of phenotypic changes in Pseudomonas putida in response to surface- associated growth. J Bacteriol 2001, 183: 6579-89.
  • Rice AR, Hamilton MA, Camper AK: Apparent surface associated lag time in growth of primary biofilm cells. Microb Ecol 200, 41: 8-15.
  • Zobell CE: The effect of solid surface upon bacterial activi- ty. J Bacteriol 1943, 46: 39-56.
  • Costerton JW, Cheng K- J, Geesey GG et al: Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987, 41: 435-464.
  • Donlan RM: Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, 8: 881-890.
  • Characklis WG: Fouling biofilm development: A process analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1981, 23: 1923-1960.
  • Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP: Bacterial biofilm: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999, 284: 1318-1322.
  • Mills SE, Karpay RI: Dental waterlines and biofilm – searching for solution. Compendium 2002, 23: 237-240, 242, 244, 247-249, 252,254, 256.
  • Panagakos FS, Lassiter T, Kumar E :Dental unit waterlines: review and product evaluation. J N J Dent Assoc. 2001,72: 20-25.
  • Cobb CM, Martel CR, McKnight SA , Pasley-Mowry C, Ferguson BL, Wiliams K: How dose time-dependent dental unit waterline flushing affect planktonic bacteria levels? J Dent Educ 2002, 66: 549-555.
  • Jorgensen MG, Detsch SG, Wolinsky: Disinfection and monitoring of dental unit waterlines. Gen Dent 1999, 47: 152-156.
  • Karpay RI, Plamondon TJ, Mills SE, Dove SB: Combining periodic and continuous sodium hypochlorite treatment to control biofilms in dental unit water systems. J Am Dent Assoc 1999, 130: 957-965.
  • Tall BD, Williams HN, George KS, Gray RT, Walch M: Bacterial succession within a biofilm in water supply lines of dental air-water syringed. Can J Microbiol 1995, 41: 647-654.
  • Shepherd PA, Shojaei MA, Eleazer PD, Van Stewart A, Staat RH: Clearance of biofilms from dental unit waterlines through the use of hydroperoxide ion-phase transfer cata- lysts. Quintessence Int 2001, 32: 755-761.
  • Martin M V : The significance of the bacterial contamina- tion of dental unit water systems. Br Dent J, 1987, 163:152-154
  • Barbeau J, Avezard C, Faucher E, Zalzal S, Prévost AP: Biofilms in dental unit waterlines:Ultrastructural and cyto- chemical analysis.Cell Materials 1997,7:135-46
  • MacKenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, et al: A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection trans- mitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994,331:161-167.
  • Hayes EB, Matte TD, O'Brien TR, et al: Large community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a fil- tered public water supply. N Engl J Med 1989,320:1372- 13766.
  • Reinthaler FF, Mascher F, Stunzer D. Serological examina- tions for antibodies against Legionella species in dental personnel. J Dent Res 1988, 67:942-943.
  • Atlas RM, Williams JF, Huntington MK. Legionella contam- ination of dental-unit waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995, 61:1208-1213.
  • Mills SE. The dental unit waterline controversy: defusing the myths, defining the solutions. J Am Dent Assoc 2000,131:1427-1441.
  • Pankhurst CL, Johnson NW, Woods RG: Microbial con- tamination of dental unit waterlines: the scientific argu- ment. Int Dent J 1998, 48: 359-368.
  • Meiller TF, Kelley JI, Baqui AA, DePaola LG: Disinfection of dental unit waterlines with an oral antiseptic. J Clin Dent. 2000, 11: 11-15.
  • Bleinkinsop SA, Khoury AE, Costerton JW: Electrical enhancement of biocide efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992 58: 3770-3773.

Diş Üniti Su Yolu ve Suyu Dental Tedavilerde Risk Oluşturur Mu?

Year 2007, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 10 - 20, 01.06.2007

Abstract

Difl ünitine gelen suyun mikrobiyolojik kontaminasyonunun önceki çalıflmalardarapor edilmesiyle birlikte sistemdekullanılan suyun kalite ve standardı bilimselve hukuki açıdan önemli bir yapıkazanmıfltır. Günümüzde difl üniti su yoluboyunca geliflmifl aktif bir biofilmtabakasının hem hastalar hem de diflhekimliği çalıflanları için potansiyel birçapraz infeksiyon kaynağı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede difl üniti su yolunda biofilm oluflumu, difl üniti su yolununmikrobiyal yapısı, difl üniti su yolundakibiofilmin hastalar ve diflhekimliği personeliiçin oluflturduğu riskler ele alınmıfltır.Literatürde bu konuya yönelik olarakvarılan ortak sonuç çapraz infeksiyonkaynağı olan biofilm oluflumunun önlenmesi veya mevcut olanın yok edilmesidir.İzlenecek değiflik yöntemler olmakla birlikte önemli olan bu uygulamaların kolay vekalıcı olmasıdır."

References

  • Walker JT, Bradshaw DJ, Finney M, et al :Microbiological evaluation of dental unit water systems in general dental practice in Europe. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004 Oct;112(5):412- 418
  • Kettering JD, Stephens JA, Munoz-Viveros CA, Naylor WP. Reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines: tap water versus distilled water. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2002 15;3(3):1-9
  • Blake GC: The incidence and control of bacterial infection of dental unit and ultrasonic scales. Br Dent J 1963, 15: 413-416.
  • Wirthlin MR, Marshall GW Jr, Rowland RW.:Formation and decontamination of biofilms in dental unit waterlines. J Periodontol. 2003 Nov;74(11):1595-1609
  • Fiehn NE, Larsen T: The effect of drying dental unit water- line biofilms on the bacterial load of dental unit water. Int Dent J. 2002 Aug;52(4):251-254.
  • Porteous NB, Redding SW, Thompson EH, Grooters AM, De Hoog S, Sutton DA. Isolation of an unusual fungus in treated dental unit waterlines. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003,134: 853-858.
  • Syzmanska J: Biofilm and dental unit waterlines. Ann Agric Environ Med 2003,10: 151–157.
  • Barbeau J, Tanguay R, Faucher E, Avezard C, Trudel L, Côté L, Prévost A: Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental units. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996, 62: 3954-3959.
  • Abel LC, Miller RL, Micik RE, Ryge G: Studies on dental aerobiogy: IV. Bacterial contamination of water delivered by dental units. J Dent Res. 1971, 50:1567-69.
  • Shearer BG: Bioflim and the dental office. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996, 127:181-189
  • Challacombe S J, Path FRC, Fernandes L L : Detecting Leigionella pneumophila in water systems: Comparison of various dental units, . J Am Dent Assoc. 1995, 126: 603-608.
  • Santiago JI, Huntington MK, Johnston AM, Quinn RS, Williams JF: Microbial contamination of dental unit water lines: Short - and Long-term effects of flushing. Gen Dent 1994, 42: 528-535.
  • Meiller TF, Depaola LG, Kelley JI, Baqui AA, Turng BF, Falkler WA. Dental unit waterlines: biofilms, disinfection and recurrence. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999, Jan;130(1):65- 72
  • Kettering JD, Munoz-Viveros CA, Stephens JA, Naylor WP, Zhang W. Reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines: distilled water vs. antimicrobial agents. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2002, 30:735-741.
  • Williams JF, Andrews N, Santiago JI: Microbial contami- nation of dental unit waterlines: current preventive meas- ures and emerging options. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1996, 17, 691-708.
  • Fletcher M: The physiologival activity of bacteria attached to solid surfaces. Adv Microb Physiol 1991, 32: 53-85.
  • Carpentier B, Cerf O: Biofilms and their consequences, with particular reference to hygiene and the food industry. J Appl Bacteriol 1993, 75: 499-511.
  • O’Toole GA, Kolter R: Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm develop- ment. Mol Microbiol 1998, 30: 295-304.
  • Pratt LA, Kolter R: Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation: Roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili. Mol Microbiol 1998, 30: 285-293.
  • Sauer K, Camper AK: Characterization of phenotypic changes in Pseudomonas putida in response to surface- associated growth. J Bacteriol 2001, 183: 6579-89.
  • Rice AR, Hamilton MA, Camper AK: Apparent surface associated lag time in growth of primary biofilm cells. Microb Ecol 200, 41: 8-15.
  • Zobell CE: The effect of solid surface upon bacterial activi- ty. J Bacteriol 1943, 46: 39-56.
  • Costerton JW, Cheng K- J, Geesey GG et al: Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987, 41: 435-464.
  • Donlan RM: Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, 8: 881-890.
  • Characklis WG: Fouling biofilm development: A process analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1981, 23: 1923-1960.
  • Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP: Bacterial biofilm: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999, 284: 1318-1322.
  • Mills SE, Karpay RI: Dental waterlines and biofilm – searching for solution. Compendium 2002, 23: 237-240, 242, 244, 247-249, 252,254, 256.
  • Panagakos FS, Lassiter T, Kumar E :Dental unit waterlines: review and product evaluation. J N J Dent Assoc. 2001,72: 20-25.
  • Cobb CM, Martel CR, McKnight SA , Pasley-Mowry C, Ferguson BL, Wiliams K: How dose time-dependent dental unit waterline flushing affect planktonic bacteria levels? J Dent Educ 2002, 66: 549-555.
  • Jorgensen MG, Detsch SG, Wolinsky: Disinfection and monitoring of dental unit waterlines. Gen Dent 1999, 47: 152-156.
  • Karpay RI, Plamondon TJ, Mills SE, Dove SB: Combining periodic and continuous sodium hypochlorite treatment to control biofilms in dental unit water systems. J Am Dent Assoc 1999, 130: 957-965.
  • Tall BD, Williams HN, George KS, Gray RT, Walch M: Bacterial succession within a biofilm in water supply lines of dental air-water syringed. Can J Microbiol 1995, 41: 647-654.
  • Shepherd PA, Shojaei MA, Eleazer PD, Van Stewart A, Staat RH: Clearance of biofilms from dental unit waterlines through the use of hydroperoxide ion-phase transfer cata- lysts. Quintessence Int 2001, 32: 755-761.
  • Martin M V : The significance of the bacterial contamina- tion of dental unit water systems. Br Dent J, 1987, 163:152-154
  • Barbeau J, Avezard C, Faucher E, Zalzal S, Prévost AP: Biofilms in dental unit waterlines:Ultrastructural and cyto- chemical analysis.Cell Materials 1997,7:135-46
  • MacKenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, et al: A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection trans- mitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994,331:161-167.
  • Hayes EB, Matte TD, O'Brien TR, et al: Large community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a fil- tered public water supply. N Engl J Med 1989,320:1372- 13766.
  • Reinthaler FF, Mascher F, Stunzer D. Serological examina- tions for antibodies against Legionella species in dental personnel. J Dent Res 1988, 67:942-943.
  • Atlas RM, Williams JF, Huntington MK. Legionella contam- ination of dental-unit waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995, 61:1208-1213.
  • Mills SE. The dental unit waterline controversy: defusing the myths, defining the solutions. J Am Dent Assoc 2000,131:1427-1441.
  • Pankhurst CL, Johnson NW, Woods RG: Microbial con- tamination of dental unit waterlines: the scientific argu- ment. Int Dent J 1998, 48: 359-368.
  • Meiller TF, Kelley JI, Baqui AA, DePaola LG: Disinfection of dental unit waterlines with an oral antiseptic. J Clin Dent. 2000, 11: 11-15.
  • Bleinkinsop SA, Khoury AE, Costerton JW: Electrical enhancement of biocide efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992 58: 3770-3773.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Engin Bulut This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 1 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Bulut ÖE. Diş Üniti Su Yolu ve Suyu Dental Tedavilerde Risk Oluşturur Mu?. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2007;1(4):10-2.