Writing Rules

WRITING RULES

Submitted articles must consist of three separate files: "Cover Page", "Blind Article" and "Copyright Transfer Form".
1. The article must be uploaded to the Dergipark system in a Microsoft Word file by the responsible author.
2. The article should contain the following sections:
If the work is an original research article or technical note and written in Turkish; It should consist of Turkish Title, Turkish ABSTRACT, Turkish Keywords, English Title, English ABSTRACT, English Keywords, Highlights, INTRODUCTION, MATERIAL AND METHOD, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (if any), Conflict of Interest, Author Contribution and REFERENCES sections and should be arranged in order.
If the work is an original research article or technical note and written in English; the main section titles should consist of English Title, English ABSTRACT, English Keywords, Turkish Title (not mandatory), Turkish ABSTRACT (not mandatory), Turkish Keywords (not mandatory), Highlights INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (If any), Conflict of Interest, Author's Contributions, REFERENCES.
In review articles, material, method and findings sections should not be taken into consideration.
Second-degree and third-degree subheadings can be added under the first-degree headings (main section headings).
3. Main section (First degree) headings should be written in bold and all capital letters, second-degree headings should be bold and the first letters of the words should be capitalized, the others should be lowercase, third-degree headings should be written in bold and only the first letter of the first word should be written in capital letters and all other words should be written in all lowercase letters.
4. A 6 pts space should be left before and after first-level headings. For subheadings, there should only be a 6-point space between the previous line and the subheadings line. There should be no spaces after the subheading.
5. Main headings and subheadings should not be numbered.
6. The Turkish and English title of the article should be short, and descriptive, the first letters of the words should be capitalized, other words should be lowercase, and should not exceed fourteen words (excluding prepositions). Mathematical formulas should not be in the article title.
7. Cover Page: Author names and addresses should never be given in the main text of the work uploaded to the system due to the blind peer-review process. Only information about the author should be written on the cover page. Therefore, a cover page should be created for the article and include the following items;
• Cover page, Research field, Article type, Section of the article prepared for citation, Turkish and English title, Turkish and English abstract, Turkish and English keywords, Turkish and English Highlights, Author address information, Author ORCID ID numbers, Corresponding author information, Author Contributions, Conflicts of Interest and Acknowledgments and Disclosure (optional) sections. (Must include Congress Declaration or Thesis Citation and Ethics Committee Approval, if any.)
• The article type must be stated on the cover page; research article, review or technical note.
• The article title should be as short and descriptive as possible, all words in the title should start with capital letters (except conjunctions), be written in bold font and be placed in the middle of the page. Abbreviations should never be used in the article title.
• Abstract length should be limited to a maximum of 300 words and at least 100 words, including spaces.
• All authors' full names should be written clearly and no academic titles should be used.
• The cover page must include institutional information (name of the institution, address, postal code, city and country) of all authors.
• ORCID ID number and e-mail information of all authors should be given on the cover page.
• Authors should be marked with the markers "1" "2" "3" in the upper right corner of the author's name and at the beginning of each institution.
• Additionally, the author responsible for correspondence should be stated in the article, marked with "*" and contact information (phone, fax and e-mail) should be given.
• Titles should not be used in author names.

RULES ABOUT PAGE LAYOUT
1. The article should be written on an A4 size page, in 12-point Times New Roman font, with 1.15 cm line spacing and in a single column. The text size can be reduced so that the summary and abstract on the first page of the article do not overflow onto the second page.
2. There should be a space of 1.5 cm at the top of the page, 1.5 cm at the bottom, 1.9 cm on the left and 1.6 cm on the right.
3. Lines on all pages, including references, figures, and tables, should be numbered consecutively in the left margin, starting with the first page.
4. The Turkish and English titles of the work should be centered on the page, the rest should be written justified, and a 1 cm indent should be left at the beginning of the paragraphs.
5. Original research articles should not exceed a maximum of 13 pages in total, including tables, figures and references, review articles should not exceed a maximum of 15 pages, and technical notes should not exceed a maximum of 5 pages. Articles exceeding these page limits will not be taken into account.

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Abstract and Keywords Sections
1. Preparing an abstract for all article types (original research articles, review or technical notes) is mandatory.
2. It should be in the form of a single paragraph with Turkish "ABSTRACT" and English "ABSTRACT" sections, and each section should not exceed 300 words and be at least 100 words. The abstract should present the relevant results in a concise but understandable form and include the purpose of the study, method, results obtained and recommendations. No references should be made in the abstract.
3. After the summary section, Keywords should be given, at least 3 and at most 6 words that best describe the study, if possible not used in the title, and best describe the content of the article. Keywords: Only the first letter of the first keyword is capitalized and the other keywords are all lowercase. It should be written in letters, keywords should be separated by a comma (,) and other words should be written in order of importance, leaving a space of one character. Priority should be given to choosing keywords from "Turkish Science Terms" (http://www.bilimterimleri.com/).

Highlights
Highlights are writing in a few words at least three and at most five important features of the article that help increase its findability through search engines. It should also cover new results of the research and new methods used during the study (if any). He/she should include terms in highlights that he/she knows readers will search for online. There should be no attempt to capture all the ideas, concepts, or results of the research, as highlights should be brief. It should be compatible with Turkish highlights.
For example;
Highlights
• Chrysanthemum pollen can be used for up to 4 days by keeping it at +4°C
• River flow rate was estimated using the ANFIS method.
• Their inhibitory effects on hCA I, hCA II, and AChE enzymes were determined.

Introduction
In this part, the subject of the study should be given, the theoretical framework and justification of the study should be presented, the reason for the study should be explained, the hypotheses to be tested should be stated, and the purpose of the study should be given. Extensive discussion of relevant literature should be included in the discussion of results, not in the introduction. The purpose of the study should be clearly stated in the last paragraph of the introduction section.

Material and Method
The materials used in the study, basic details of the methods used, experimental design and statistical analysis should be presented in this section. A clear description or specific reference should be given for all biological, analytical and statistical analyzes used in the study. If any changes have been made to analyzes previously introduced or used by other researchers, the changes should be explained. The treatments and measurements made should be clearly described. The methods used should be supported by previously published references. Statistical models and analysis methods should be stated clearly and completely.

Findings and Discussion
The findings and discussion sections of research articles should be written under the same title. In this section, the findings obtained from the study should be given in this section, supported by figures and tables. The discussion should clearly and concisely evaluate the results in terms of biological mechanisms. The findings should not be repeated in the discussion; the findings should be discussed using the results of other research on similar subjects. The discussion should be integrated with the research findings of other relevant studies to reveal whether the tested hypotheses are accepted or rejected. The contribution and importance of the results to science should be emphasized. Results should be interpreted without unnecessary repetition.

Conclusion
In order to avoid repetition, the numerical results of the study should not be given to the fullest extent possible in the findings section and should be presented in tables or graphs. In this section, the remarkable results of the study should be briefly given in a concrete way. Conclusions should be separate from the discussion and written in the past tense. Additionally, forward-looking suggestions and opinions related to the study results can be stated.

Author Contributions
In this section, the authors' contributions to the article should be stated for each author.
Author A: Planned and designed the study.
Author B: Collected and analyzed data.
Author C: Conducted the statistical analysis of the study and wrote the article.

Conflicts of Interest Statement
The corresponding author(s) must inform the editor of any possible conflicts of interest that may affect the interpretation of the data. Authors must declare whether there is any financial support or relationship that could create a conflict of interest. (The authors declare no conflict of interest.)

Thanks and Information (optional)
In this section, the projects for which the study is supported, if any, should be stated. For example, “This study was supported by Aydın Adnan Menderes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination.” Additionally, individuals and organizations that indirectly contributed to the study should also be stated. If permission has been received from companies or other institutions to carry out the study, it should be stated in this section. Acknowledgments should be as short and comprehensive as possible.

References
References should be arranged according to APA (7.0) style. All articles cited in the text should be included in the references list. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically, taking into account the author's surnames. References in the text should be written on an author-year basis and in year order (Gülçin et al., 2018; Türkan, 2019; Türkan and Atalar, 2021). Literature from the same year but by different authors should be listed alphabetically (Aras et al., 2021; Türkan and Atalar, 2021; Xu, 2021). If more than one source published by the same author in the same year is used, the source should be indicated with letters such as a, b, c after the year of publication. It is recommended not to use web-based resources as much as possible. Authors should not cite unpublished results or personal communications. Footnotes should be avoided, and if they are absolutely necessary (which do not contain important sections of the study), they should be written briefly on the page where they are used, separated by lines and asterisked.

D-REFERENCES IN THE TEXT
1. If the article sent to our journal is written in Turkish; (Surname, year) for one author, (Surname and Surname, year) for two authors, (Surname et al., year) for three or more authors;
2. If the article sent to our journal is written in English; It should be written as (Surname, year) for one author, (Surname & Surname, year) for two authors, (Surname et al., year) for three or more authors.
3. If more than one source is to be cited, the citations should be separated by (;) and listed alphabetically (Gülçin et al., 2018; Türkan, 2019).
4. If it is a source whose author is unknown, it should be given as (Anonymous, Year) in articles written in Turkish and as (Anonymous, Year) in articles written in English.

E - REFERENCES SECTION
1. The References section should have a font size between 10 and 12 points, and a one cm hanging indent should be left on the second line and subsequent lines of each reference. Journal names should not be abbreviated. All references should be given in alphabetical order.
General: Alignment (Justify), Outline Level (Body Text),
Indent: Right-Left (0 cm), Custom (hanging), Value (1 cm),
Spacing: Before (0 pt) and After (6 pt), Line spacing (1.15 lines).
2. The names of the journal and congress in which the source was published and the names of the unit in which the thesis was published should be written clearly (without abbreviations) and the source spellings should be as follows;
In the references section, references should be listed alphabetically. Sample references are given below.

Bibliography Display for Books
Full text book
Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Edited book
Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons.  https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

References Display for Articles Published in Academic Journals
Single author articles
Pinus, A.G. (2021). Abstract Relations Between Functional Clones. Algebra and Logic, 60(4), 279-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10469-021-09652-w

Stolk, C.C. (2017). An improved sweeping domain decomposition preconditioner for the Helmholtz equation. Advances in Computational Mathematics, 43, 45–76  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10444-016-9475-y

Articles with two authors
Walk, M. and Papp, G. (1991). Self-consistent electron state calculations on bond-centered impurities in silicon. Acta Physica Hungarica, 70, 333–339.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03054146

Articles with three authors
Yılmaz, B., Köse, E. and Korkut, Ş. (2008). A research on the reading habits of Hacettepe University and Bilkent University students. Turkish Librarianship, 23, 22-51. Access address:  http://www.tk.org.tr/

References for Oral Presentations
Conference proceedings published in journals
Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., and Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499-23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

Conference proceedings published as books
Kushilevitz, E. and Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9

References Display for Theses
Holmquist, S. (2007). An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of The Adomian Decomposition Method In Fluid Dynamic Applications. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida]. EBSCO Open Dissertations.

References Display for Institutional Reports
If only the institution name is specified:
National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). BASE. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patienteducation/takingtime.pdf

If author names are specified:
Stuster, J., Adolf, J., Byrne, V., and Greene, M. (2018). Human exploration of Mars: Preliminary lists of crew tasks (Report No. NASA/CR-2018-220043). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20190001401.pdf