Protective Effect of Silymarin Against Gentamicin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of silymarin against gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in mice at both biochemical and histopathological levels. Gentamicin administration significantly weakened the renal antioxidant defense system by markedly reducing GSH levels (P<0.05) and significantly increasing MDA levels, an indicator of oxidative stress (P<0.0001). In contrast, silymarin treatment significantly increased GSH levels compared with the gentamicin group (P<0.05) and markedly decreased MDA levels, thereby reducing oxidative stress (P<0.001). Gentamicin administration also substantially decreased renal PON-1 activity (P<0.0001), whereas silymarin treatment significantly enhanced PON-1 activity, strengthening the antioxidant defense system (P<0.05). Histopathological evaluations revealed glomerular atrophy, necrosis of tubular epithelial cells, and focal hyperemia in the gentamicin group. Although similar lesions were observed in the silymarin + gentamicin group, their severity was notably reduced. No pathological findings were detected in the silymarin-only and control groups, and the kidney tissue preserved its normal histological structure. These results demonstrate that silymarin may effectively ameliorate gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant defense, and alleviating structural damage in renal tissue.

Keywords

• Gentamicin
• oxidative stress
• pon-1
• silymarin

Farelerde Gentamisin Kaynaklı Oksidatif Strese Karşı Sliymarin'in Koruyucu Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sıçanlarda gentamisin kaynaklı oksidatif stres ve böbrek hasarına karşı silymarinin koruyucu etkilerini biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik düzeyde değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gentamisin uygulaması böbrek dokusunda antioksidan savunmayı önemli ölçüde zayıflatarak GSH düzeylerini belirgin şekilde azaltmış (p<0.05) ve oksidatif stres göstergesi olan MDA düzeylerini anlamlı olarak artırmıştır (p<0.0001). Buna karşılık, silymarin tedavisi GSH düzeylerini gentamisin grubuna kıyasla anlamlı biçimde yükseltmiş (p<0.05) ve MDA düzeylerini belirgin şekilde düşürerek oksidatif stresi hafifletmiştir (p<0.001). Gentamisin uygulaması ayrıca böbrek PON-1 aktivitesini ciddi biçimde azaltmış (p<0.0001); silymarin tedavisi ise PON-1 aktivitesini anlamlı derecede artırarak antioksidan savunmayı güçlendirmiştir (p<0.05). Histopatolojik değerlendirmelerde gentamisin grubunda glomerüler atrofi, tubulus epitel hücrelerinde nekroz ve fokal hiperemi belirlenmiştir. Silymarin ile gentamisin uygulanan grupta benzer lezyonlar izlenmekle birlikte bu bulguların şiddetinin belirgin şekilde azaldığı görülmüştür. Silymarin tek başına uygulanan grup ve kontrol grubunda ise herhangi bir patolojik bulguya rastlanmamış, böbrek dokusu normal histolojik yapısını korumuştur. Bu sonuçlar, silymarinin gentamisin kaynaklı nefrotoksisiteyi oksidatif stresi azaltarak, antioksidan savunmayı güçlendirerek ve böbrek dokusundaki yapısal bozulmayı hafifleterek etkili bir şekilde iyileştirebileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Gentamisin
• oksidatif stres
• pon-1
• silimarin

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