Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture

Abstract

Backround/Aim: Antibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial fish diseases as well as in the world in our country. The use of unconscious and uncontrolled antibiotics causes the antibiotic resistant bacteria to come into play and the antibiotics that can be used are getting worse day by day. Failure in treatment due to reasons such as the use of antibiotics, lack of correct dose and time, and ignoring of the primary factors before treatment isolation and identification, increases treatment costs and increases mortality and leads to serious financial loss. This compilation provides information on the antibiotic resistance genes in the aquaculture fishery. Conclusion: In addition to the treatment of diseases and protection from diseases, antibiotics used unconsciously and excessively in order to improve the quality and development of the product cause the bacterial resistance mechanism to develop more rapidly. Although the development of new antibiotics has been the solution to the problem of resistance at the beginning, new resistance forms have appeared in years. The ‘multiple resistance’ developed by many bacteria by unconscious and excessive use of antibiotics is a more complex and serious problem. New strategies should be developed to combat disease-causing bacteria.

Keywords

• Aquaculture,Antibiotic resistance

Kültür Balıkçılığında Antimikrobiyel Direnç

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Ülkemizde de dünyada olduğu gibi bakteriyel balık hastalıklarının sağaltımında antibiyotikler kullanılmaktadır. Bilinçsiz ve kontrolsüz antibiyotik kullanımı antibiyotiklere dirençli bakterilerin meydana gelmesine ve kullanılabilecek antibiyotiklerin gün geçtikçe azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Etken izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu yapılmadan antibiyotik kullanılması, doğru doz ve sürede uygulanmaması, primer etkenlerin göz ardı edilmesi gibi nedenlerden dolayı sağaltımdaki başarısızlık tedavi giderlerini arttırdığı gibi mortaliteyi de arttırıp ciddi maddi kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı kültür balıkçılığında görülen antibiyotik direnç genleri hakkında bilgi vermektir. Sonuç: Hastalıkların yanı sıra hastalıklardan korumak, ürünün gelişimi ve kalitesini arttırmak amacıyla bilinçsiz ve aşırı bir şekilde kullanılan antibiyotikler bakterilerde oluşan direnç mekanizmasının daha hızlı bir şekilde gelişmesine neden olur. Başlangıçta oluşan direnç sorununa karşı yeni antibiyotiklerin geliştirilmesi çözüm olmuşsa da yıllar içeresinde yeni direnç şekilleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Antibiyotiklerin bilinçsiz ve aşırı kullanım sonucunda birçok bakterinin geliştirdiği ‘çoklu direnç’ daha karmaşık ve ciddi bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hastalık yapıcı bakterilerle savaşmak için yeni stratejiler geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültür balıkçılığı,Antibiyotik direnci

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