Florfenicol Therapy During Naturally Occuring Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection in Sheep and Goats in Aydin, Turkey

Abstract

Background/Aim: Caseous Lymphadenitis is a bacterial disease of chronic suppurative lymphadenitis of both goat and sheep resulting within major economic consequences. Given the distribution of the disease throughout the vast majority of the world, it has also been frequently decribed and found in Turkey. Condemnation of skins and carcasses due to abscess formation, severe losses in reproductive efficiency and in wool, meat and milk production all results in economic losses. The eradication is of difficult due to rapid spread of the disease once introduced into a flock. Treatment options with antibiotic application may not be efficicaous, indeed C. pseudotuberculosis is sensitive in vitro to the vast majority of antibiotics that have been tested. The intracellular location of the bacteria and the occurence of biofilm in naturally forming infections diminishes drug efficacy, making most of the antimicrobials inefficient. Anyhow it should not be unwise to suggest that there is clearly a need for an effective antimicrobial therapy. The present randomized field study was carried out to measure the effects of florfenicol treatment regime on Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in a mixed goat and sheep herd located in Aydin, Turkey. Materials and Methods: All cases included were diagnosed cases of C. pseudotuberculosis abscesses located in several lymph nodes. The most prominent site of the abscesses were in the anterior half of the body both in sheep and goats. Two groups of animals were randomly assigned: Group F n=8 goat, 6 sheep, treatment group received florfenicol five daily subcutaneous doses of 40 mg/kg ; Group C n=6 goat, 6 sheep, control group served as positive untreated control. Results and Conclusion: The efficacy of florfenicol was assessed clinically and based on a lesion score derived from the examination of the lesional lymph nodes. Clinical evaluation and lesion scoring were performed by a blinded researcher. Throughout the study florfenicol treatment significantly decrased P˂0.05 the clinical score while no significant changes were detected in the control group.

Keywords

• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis,Identification,Sheep,Goat,Florfenicol.

Aydın, Türkiye’de Koyun ve Keçilerde Doğal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Enfeksiyonunda Florfenikol Sağaltımı

Abstract

Özbilgi/Amaç: Kazeöz lenfedanitis gerek keçi gerekse koyunlarda önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açabilen, kronik suppuratif lenfadenitis ile seyreden bakteriyel bir hastalıktır. Hastalık dünyanın pek çok yerinde yaygın olarak seyretmekle birlikte Türkiye’de de sıklıkla tanımlanmış ve bildirilmiştir. Apse oluşumu deri ve karkas kullanımını sınırlandırmakta, üreme ve döl verimi ile yün, et ve süt üretimindeki azalmalar ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Hastalığın sürüye girdikten sonra hızla yayılması eradikasyonunu zorlaştırmaktadır. C. pseudotuberculosis in vitro olarak test edilen antibiyotiklerin büyük çoğunluğuna hassas olmasına rağmen antibiyotik uygulaması ile sağaltım etkili olamayabilmektedir. Bakterinin intraselüler yerleşimi ve doğal enfeksiyonlarda biyofilm oluşumu, ilaç etkinliğini azaltarak pekçok antimikrobiyali etkisiz hale getirmektedir. Buna rağmen etkin bir antimikrobiyal sağaltıma ihtiyaç duyulduğunu açıkça ifade etmek yanlış olmayacaktır. Bu randomize saha çalışması Aydın, Türkiye’de bulunan ve C. pseudotuberculosis ile enfekte karışık bir koyun-keçi sürüsünde florfenikol sağaltım protokolünün etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm olguların çeşitli lenf yumrularında C. pseudotuberculosis’e bağlı apseler teşhis edildi. Koyun ve keçilerde apseler belirgin olarak vücudun ön yarısında tespit edildi. Hayvanlar rastgele iki gruba ayrılarak, Grup F n=8 keçi, 6 koyun, sağaltım grubu 40 mg/kg dozda, deri altı yolla, 5 gün süreyle florfenikol uygulanırken, Grup C n= 6 keçi, 6 koyun, kontrol grubu ise herhangi bir sağaltım uygulamadan kontrol grubu olarak ayırıldı.Bulgular ve Sonuç: Florfenikol’ün etkinliği klinik ve lezyonlu lenf yumrumlarının muayenesinden elde edilen skorlama ile değerlendirildi. Klinik değerlendirme ve lezyon skorlaması kör bir araştırmacı tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma süresince florfenikol sağaltımı klinik skoru anlamlı olarak düşürürken P˂0.05 , kontrol grubunda anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmadı.

Keywords

• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis,tanımlama,koyun,keçi,florfenikol

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