A Review on Parapoxviruses Observed in Ruminants: History, Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization, Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, Immunotherapy and Use as a Vector in Recombinant Vaccines

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 551 - 557, 01.01.2018

Onur Ülgenalp B. Taylan Koç T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu

Abstract

Backround/Aim: This review generally includes ruminant infections caused by parapoxviruses, which cause localized, cutaneous, or muco-cutaneous lesions at the skin and can infect a wide variety of species. Additionally, there are general information about parapoxviruses which is inclued taxonomic classification, etiological characteristics, animal species they affect, clinical findings, pathogenesis, epidemiological status. Parapoxviruses can infect various types of terrestrial and marine life for example, red and black tailed deer, elephant, seals and sea lions , as well as infections in economically viable species such as cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Conclusion: Since the viruses found in the parapoxvirus gene have zoonotic potential, veterinarians, farmers, butchers and other occupational groups in contact with infected animals or infected animal products are also at risk.

Keywords

Parapoxviruses, ruminant

Ruminantlarda Gözlenen Parapoxviruslar: Tarihçe, Epidemiyoloji, Patogenez, Klinik Bulgular, İmmunoterapide ve Rekombinant Aşılarda Vektör Olarak Kullanımı

Abstract

Özbilgi/Amaç: Bu derleme genellikle deride lokalize, kutanöz veya mukokütanöz lezyonlara neden olan ve çok çeşitli türleri enfekte edebilen viruslar olan Parapoxvirusların ruminant türlerinde neden olduğu enfeksiyonları kapsamaktadır. Ek olarak Parapoxvirusların taksonomik sınıflandırmadaki yeri, etiyolojik özellikleri, etkiledikleri hayvan türleri, meydana getirdikleri klinik bulgular, patogenez, gibi bilgiler yanı sıra, Parapoxvirusların epidemiyolojik durumu hakkında genel bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Parapoxviruslar karasal ve deniz canlılarının çeşitli türlerini örneğin, kırmızı ve siyah kuyruklu geyikler, fil, fok ve deniz arslanları enfekte edebildikleri gibi özellikle sığır, koyun, keçi ve deve gibi ekonomik öneme sahip ruminantlar türlerinde de enfeksiyonlara neden olurlar. Sonuç: Parapoxvirus genusunda bulunan viruslar zoonotik potansiyele sahip olduklarından; veteriner hekimler, çiftçiler, kasaplar ve enfekte olmuş hayvanlar veya enfekte hayvan ürünleri ile temas eden diğer meslek grupları da risk altındadır.

Keywords

Parapoxviruslar, ruminant

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